STRATEGIINDUK

PEMBANGUNANPERTANIAN 20132045
MEMBANGUNPERTANIANBIOINDUSTRIBERKELANJUTAN
RobertManurung
Anggota TimPerumus dan TimImplementasi
Strategi Induk PembangunanPertanian RI

Sekolah Tinggi
gg Penyuluhan
y
Pertanian ((STPP)Medan
)
13November2013

Isi Paparan
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.
8.
9.

Latar Belakang Pertanian Masa Depan

Landasan Konseptual SIPP
Prinsip Dasar,Visi,Misi,Arah dan Sasaran SIPP
Pertanian dan Lingkungan
g
g Berkelanjutan
j
Prinsip dan Interaksi Hayati dalam Menjaga
Keberlanjutan Produktivitas Sistem Pertanian.
Bioenergi dan Biomasa
Biorefinery
f
y dan Bioindustri
Sistem PertanianBioindustri
Penutup
KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

PERTANIAN MASA DEPAN: KONSEKUENSI DAN SOLUSI

TREN PERUBAHAN
Energi fosil makin langka

KONSEKUENSI DAN SOLUSI

Transformasi ekonomi ke bioenergi

Kebutuhan pangan, pakan, energi dan Urgensi bioproduk, pola hidup sehat,
serat
dan pola konsumsi biokultura.
Perubahan iklim global

Kapasitas adaptasi dan mitigasi

Kelangkaan lahan dan air

Keniscayaan efisiensi & konservasi

Permintaan
P
i t
terhadap
t h d jjasa lilingkungan
k
hidup

P t i ekologis
Pertanian
k l i dan
d bioservices
bi
i

j meningkat
g
Petani marjinal

Pluriculture: sistem biosiklus terpadu

p

Kemajuan iptek bioscience dan

bioengineering

Pengembangan bioekonomi

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

LANDASANKONSEPTUAL:Strategi Berjenjang
1. Pembangunan
g
Ekonomi Nasional:
Transformasi perekonomian dari fosil-based economy ke
bio-based economy
Paradigma Pertanian untuk Pembangunan: pertanian
sebagai basis dan penggerak perekonomian nasional.
2. Pembangunan Pertanian:
Pembangunan
g
Sistem Pertanian-Bioindustri
Berkelanjutan

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

VISIPEMBANGUNANPERTANIAN

Terwujudnya sistem pertanian-bioindustri

berkelanjutan yang menghasilkan beragam
pangan sehat dan produk bernilai tambah
tinggi dari sumberdaya hayati pertanian dan
kelautan tropika.

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

MISIPEMBANGUNANPERTANIAN
Mengembangkan
g
g
dan mewujudkan:
j
1.
Penataan ruang dan reforma agraria
2.
Sistem pertanian tropika terpadu
3.
Kegiatan ekonomi produksi, informasi dan teknologi
4.
Pasca panen, agro-energi dan bioindustri berbasis perdesaan
5.
Sistem pemasaran dan rantai nilai produk
6.
Sistem pembiayaan pertanian
7.
Sistem penelitian
penelitian, inovasi dan sumberdaya manusia berkualitas
8.
Infrastruktur pertanian dan perdesaan
99.
Program legislasi
legislasi, regulasi dan manajemen yang imperatif
KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

SASARAN
1.

Pendapatan petani $ 7.500/kapita/tahun pada 2040

2.

Penduduk desa terbebas dari kemiskinan pada 2030

Indonesia menjadi high income country PDB $ 20.000/kapita/tahun pada 2040

3.
4.

Kemandirian pangan nasional pada 2020, kedaulatan pangan nasional pada 2025
dan kedaulatan pangan
g komunitas pada 2045

5.

Kemandirian energi melalui penerapan sistem pertanian energi terpadu di seluruh

desa pada 2035

6
6.

7.

Substitusi karbohidrat impor 100 % pada 2030 dan substitusi produk berbasis fosil
75% pada 2030
Sektor jasa ekosistem pertanian (agroservices) di seluruh desa pada 2040;

8.

Bioekonomi terpadu berkelanjutan di seluruh desa pada 2045

9.

Angkatan kerja pertanian primer 7% pada 2045 dan PDB 3% pada 2045

10.

Angkatan kerja bioindustri 18 % pada 2025 dan 12% pada 2045, serta PDB 24%
pada 2025 dan 14% pada 2045
KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

PRINSIPDASAR
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.

7.
8.
99.

Governansi yyangg baik

Pembuatan kebijakan dan program yang baik
Pembangunan inklusif berkelanjutan
Paradigma pertanian untuk pembangunan
Pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan berbasis masyarakat,
lingkungan alam,
alam pelaku agribisnis
Pembangunan pertanian berorientasi pengembangan usaha pertanian
rakyat
Berbasis sumberdaya lokal
Lingkungan pemberdaya biobisnis sebagai infrastruktur publik
Sistem pasar bersaing sehat dan berkeadilan
KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

PRASYARAT

1.

2.

3.
4.

Politik pembangunan dan kebijakan publik yang menjiwai

p
pertanian-bioindustri
Pengambilan keputusan berbasis inovasi, sains dan
rekayasa
y
hayati
y
Sistem konektivitas, logistik dan rantai nilai yang efisien
Sumber
Su
be daya insani
sa (S
(SDI)) be
berkualitas
ua tas da
dan aamanah
a a

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

RENCANAPEMBELAJARANLAPANG20132014

Pengembangan kawasan mandiri pangan, pola hidup

sehat, bioproduk, biokultura, dsb
Kawasan hortikultura eksotis dan nilai tambah tinggi
gg
Kawasan integrasi ternak-tanaman, biosiklus terpadu
Pengembangan keberlanjutan governansi tanaman keras
dan sertifikasi produk ekspor unggulan
Pengembangan
e ge ba ga kawasan
a asa pa
pangan
ga te
terpadu
padu be
berbasis
bas s
efisiensi dan konservasi sumberdaya alam
Pengembangan
lingkungan
g
g bioservices,, jasa
j
g g hidupp
KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

10

Pertanian dan Lingkungan

Berkelanjutan

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

11

Sustainability

is define as

the use of the environment and resources to meet the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
Brundtland Report: Our common future - WCED 1987

Environmental sustainability is define as

the maintenance of the global ecosystem or of natural capital both as a
source of inputs and as a sink for waste.
Goodland, 1995.

Ecosystems are
ecological
g systems,
y
, interdependent
p
communities of livingg things
g that
recycle matter while energy flows through in a given area, their physical
surroundings (environments).
James Trefil and Robert M. Hazen: The Sciences: An Integrated Approach - 2007

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

12

Jasa-jasa Ekosistem untuk Kesejahteraan

13
KEMENTERIAN PERTANIANMillenium Ecosystem Assessment

Life must be regarded, at the deepest level,

as a matter as much of energy transformation
as of genetic replication
(Wicken 1987)

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

14

The flow of energy from the sun through the Earths ecosystem
and the recycle
y of matter byy ecosystem
y

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

15

Prinsipp dan Interaksi Hayati

y dalam menjaga
j g
Keberlanjutan Produktivitas Sistem Pertanian.

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

16

Biological Principles and Interaction in Sustaining Long-Term

Agricultural Productivity (Richard R. HarwoodHarwood Michigan State University)

Biological
Bi
l i l structure is
i the
th way in
i which
hi h organisms
i
- plants
l t andd animals
i l
that are purposefully managed for economic output are arranged with
respect
p to each other and to other biota in their environment.

The productivity, stability, and effects on the environment of an agricultural system

are related to that diversity: its amount, its type, and most importantly its
organization - how it is structured.
structured
Because agricultural systems are managed by people, their structure is guided by
an underlying human philosophy or view of the world
world.
KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

17

Paradigm for sustainable agricultural development translates

into an increased focus on :
the interrelatedness of all parts of a farming system, including the farmer
and farm family,
the importance of the many biological balances in the system,
the need to maximize desired biological relationships in the system and
to minimize use of materials and practices that disrupt those relationships,
the need for pparallel development
p
within countries of a broad range
g of
farming biological structuring, depending on the production environment,
the resources a farmer has, and emerging market opportunities.

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

18

Biomasa
i
d bioenergi
dan
bi
i

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

19

Permintaan Energi
g
Tahun BBM

Batu bara Gas

LPG

Listrik

Biomassa Biofuel

J t kL
Juta

J t ton
Juta
t

BCF

JJuta
t
ton

GWh

J t ton
Juta
t

Ribu
Rib
kL

2010

52

33

625

3.2

162.1

111

0.307

2015

67

48

1074

6.0

239.7

110

0.799

2020

93

66

1814

6.7

389.7

117

2.227

2025

118

81

2773

7.4

614.6

107

7.272

2030

148

92

3692

8.3

937.4

76

12.972

Ucok WR S
Siagian, Pusat Kebijakan Keenergian ITB

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

20

Bioenergy Technologies

21
KEMENTERIANBoyle,RenewableEnergy,OxfordUniversityPress(2004)
PERTANIAN

Mobile Biodiesel processing System :

Centrifugal contactor-separator
contactor separator (CCS)

Light out

Heavy out

Heavy in

Light in

(patented in Indonesia ITB and Europe )

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

22

Sumber Biomassa (Lipid)

Jarak pagar (lipida: 12ton/ha/thn)

Karet (lipida :0.02 0.04ton/ha/thn)

Kepoh (lipida :2 4ton/ha/thn)

Sawit (lipida:4 6ton/ha/thn)

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

23

Sumber biomassa (pati)

Singkong (Pati:20 40ton/ha/thn)

Sorgum (Gula dan pati: 20 40ton/ha/thn)

Rumput gajah (Gula dan pati:30ton/ha/thn

Tebu (Gula :10ton/ha/thn)

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

24

US Grows its Gas

TODAY & BUSINESS AS USUAL
30 million hectares soy

NEXT DECADE & FUTURE

30 million hectares switchgrass
Switchgrass 1 to 3x protein productivity +
5 to 10 x mass productivity of soybeans

animal
protein
feed

oils

animal
protein
feed

oils

Cellulose
C
ll l
hydrolyzed into 30
billion gallons
ethanol

http://thayer.dartmouth.edu/thayer/rbaef/.

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

25

Oil and pprotein pproduction byy microalgae

g
High productivity

Oil content: 20-60%

20,000-50,000 liter/ha/year oil
Palm oil: 6,000 liter/ha/year

Ren Wijffels - Wageningen UR

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

Oil and pprotein pproduction byy microalgae

g
Why algae?

High productivity

Oil content: 20-60%

20,000-50,000
20,000
50,000 liter/ha/year oil
Palm oil: 6,000 liter/ha/year

No competing
p
g claims

Grow on seawater
Use of residual nutrients
(CO2, N, P)
Co-products have value
(e.g. starch, proteins)

Ren Wijffels - Wageningen UR

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

27

To replace all transport fuels in Europe*

400 million
illi m3 lipids
li id needed
d d
9.25 million ha surface area
Equivalent to surface area of
Portugal
400 million tons of proteins
produced
40 times the amount of soy
protein imported in Europe

*Wijffels & Barbosa (2010) An outlook on microalgal

biofuels
799
biofuels. Science
Science. 379: 796
796-799.

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

28

Sistem produksi PPO,Etanol dan Biodisel terpadu

Plant oil
plantation

Biomass
waste

Pure
Plant
Oil

Lipid extraction
and purification

compost

Composting

Pressedcake

Pyrolysis

leafs
stalks
Plant Starch
field

minerals

Continuous
esterification
Combustion

minerals

biogas
Biodigester

Biodiesel

heats
Starch
St
h extraction,
t ti
fermentation and
distillation

Ethanol
Sumber : RM _SPIN KNAW Project

waste

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

29

Functionalised chemicals can be made from Biomass without major

enthalpy differences, but not from naphtha-J.P.M.
J
(J
(Johan)) Sanders
.

Enthalpy
CxHzN

CxHzN
CxHy

amine
CxHzOy(OCHz)v

CxHy

lignin

naphtha

CxHyOz

oil / fat
CxHzOyN Sv

CxHzO

CxHzOy

Oil / gas
Petrochemical way
one raw material

protein

Biomass

carbohydrate

chemicals
many
products

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

Biorefinary way
many raw materials

30

Sistem Pertanian
PertanianBiondustri
Biondustri
Berkelanjutan

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

31

Konsep Holistik Pertanian Berkelanjutan

(hhtp://www.unesco.or/education)

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32

Agricultural trends over the past 40 years.

Total global cereal production;

Total global use of nitrogen and phosphorus

fertilizer and area of global irrigated land

Trends in the nitrogen-fertilization

g
efficiency of crop production

Diminishing returns of fertilizer

application imply that further
applications may not be as effective at
increasing yields.

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

33

Manusia
vs
Teknologi ?

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

34

Biorefinery dan Bioindustri

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

35

Modelanalogcarta alir bioproduk dari bahan baku biomassa

T. Werpy, G. Petersen, Top Value Added Chemicals from Biomass

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

36

SISTEM PERTANIAN-BIOINDUSTRI

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

37

PIRAMIDA NILAI TAMBAH HASIL OLAHAN BIOMASA

TERTINGGI: OBAT-OBATAN , PANGAN DAN PAKAN
TERRENDAH: BAHAN KIMIA DAN ENERGI

VOLUM
ME

NILAI TAMBAH
KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

38

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

BACK39

Analogi
g Biorefinery
f
y
Fuels and Energy

Fuels and Energy

-Bioethanol
Bioethanol
-Biodiesel
-Biogas
-Hydrogen

Crude oil

Biomass

Chemicals

Refinery

Bulk chemicals
-Bulk
-Fine chemicals
-Biopolymers
Chemicals

Biorefinery
Source:h.j.heeres,rug

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

40

Pengembangan Bioindustri dengan Penerapan

Konsep Biorefinery
Proses
Primer

Proses
Sekunder

Pengolahan
Lanjut
j

Biomassa

( 70
0 90 % )

Konversi
Protein

Konversi
Lignin

Pupuk
Asam Amino/
Pakan
Damar/ Bahan
Perekat
Senyawa
Fenolik
Platform Kimia

Konversi
Selulosa dan
Hemiselulosa

( 10 30 %
)
Karbohidrat
Minyak Nabati

Produk/
Penggunaa
n

Residu

Residu

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

B Bakar Nabati
B.
dan Aditif

Residu Pembangkit Listrik

dan Termal
41

Pilot biorefinery line Foxhol (Groningen)

(Prograss Consortium), New Grassa (Oenkerk)
Grass protein (products)

white grass protein

Protein

Grass juice

compound feed

Green grass protein

Fibers

Grass juice
concentrate
compound feed

+ .....

HTUBiofuel

Construction
material
+ paper

Polymer
extrusion
products

Ethanol

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

42
42

Water use efficiencyy increases byy biorefinery:

y
Brehmer, maximal fossil feedstock replacement potential; Chem Eng Res Des (2009)

________________________________________________________________

Biorefinery
Bi
fi
substitution
b tit ti
Crop
Ave.
Water use
Ave.
Water use
yyield
efficiencyy
yyield
efficiencyy
(GJ/ha) ( M3/GJ)
(GJ/ha)
(M3/GJ)
________________________________________________________
Maize
60
20-60
20
60
382
33-10
10
Wheat
36
31-40
343
3.5-4.5
Sugar cane
280
11-16
490
6-9
S
Sugar
bbeett
150
17-26
17 26
292
8 13
8-13
Rape seed
20
7-10
353
0.5-0.7

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

J.P.M. (Johan) Sanders, WUR

43

Conversion route of petro-chemical source to chemical products

Fossil
feedstock

Base
chemicals

Derivatives

Scheme of Petro-chemical Products Tree

2500 different products on the markets from fossil origin

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

44

Top 12 Platform Chemicals

T
T. Werpy
Werpy, G
G. Petersen
Petersen, Top Value Added Chemicals from Biomass

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

45

Produksi bahan kimia bernilai tinggi dari pati

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

46

Pemrosesan singkong konvensional dan dengan konsep biorefinery

Plantation

root,
root
20tons/ha

Harvesting

Pre
treatment

stems+leaves

starch,
starch
6tons

refinedstarch
modifiedstarch
glucose

Primary
processing

waste
waste

(a) Diagram rantai pasok pati konvensional

(a)Diagramrantai
root,
100tons/ha

Plantation

Harvesting

Pre
treatment

starch,
30tons

Primary
processing

shoots
softstems

Composting

Primary
hardstems
fractionation

glucose

Modifications

dissolved
substances

Chemical
Chemical
products

Leaves+
shoottips

Feedfor
Cattle

Biogas
ogas
production

(b)Diagramrantai
pasok
pati yanglebih baik
KEMENTERIAN
PERTANIAN

energy

47

Block Diagram of SHS Sugar Processing

(conventional)

Block Diagram of Sugar Cane Syrup Processing

(biorefinery concept)

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

48

Primary Processing Field 1

Secondary Processing

Primary Processing Field 2

Detailed integration of small (primary) and

large (secondary) processing systems

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

49

PERTANAMAN KAYU PUTIH DAN PADI DI INDRAMAYU

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

50

Program Pembelajaran Pertanian

Bioindustri Terpadu
Produktivitas singkong 60 Ton /hr
Kebutuhan panen 40/60 = 0.66 Ha/hr
Kebutuhan lahan 0.66 x 360 = 240 Ha/th
10 Ton/hr

80 Ton /hr
40 Ton singkong/hr
g g/

13 Ton /hr

40 Ton /hr

1000 ekor
13 Ton /hr
13 Ton
T /hr
/h
13 Ton /hr

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Penutup

KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN

52

RehabilitationofaridlandinKhartoum Sudan

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Conservation Agriculture in Brazil

Massive conversion of intensive tillage systems to no
till systems
no-till
Harnessing ecosystem services on-farm and on large landscape level

Agriculture is becoming a producer of clean water

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Terima Kasih

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