1. Koefisien distribusi (a) seorang ahli kimia melarutkan 55,13 mg iodin (I 2 ) dalam tepat 1
liter air distribusi.. disetimbangkan pada 25 o C dengan tepat 50 ml CCl4. Titrasi pelarut
organik membutuhkan 22,35 ml larutan Na2S2O3 0,04474 M (reaksi titrasi 2 S2O32- + I2
S4O62- + 2I-). Hitung KD untuk I2 antara kedua zat tersebut (CCl4 / H2O). (b)
Natrium tiosulfat adalah garam yang mudah larut dalam air. Jelaskan bagaimana
menitrasi I2 dalam sebuah larutan CCl4 dengan suatu larutam besar Na2S2O3.
Jawaban :
- 2 e- + I2 = 2I- ( 1mol I2 = 2eq)
- 2 S2O32- = S4O62- + 2e- (1 mol S2O32- = 1 eq)
Syarat : mol. Ek I2 = mol Ek S2O32mol. Ek I2 = N. V
mol. Ek I2 = (0,04474N) (22,35 ml)
mol. Ek I2 = (0,9999 mmolek):2
mol I2 (org) = 0, 4999 mmol
- Mol I2 (mula-mula) = (55,13 mg) : 253,8
= 0,61123 mmol
-
= 0,11133 mmol
[I 2] o
- KD = [ I 2 } aq =
0,4999mmol
50 ml
0,11133 mmol
1000 ml
= 89,8
2. Ekstraksi (a) jika 50 ml I2 encer 0,00100M diekstraksi dengan 50 ml CCl 4. Hitung berapa
presentasi I2 yang di pindahkan dari fasa berarir tersebut (gunakan K D dari soal 1) (b)
ulangi dengan ekstraksi berturut-turut dengan 25 ml CCl4
Jawaban :
- Diketahui : Vaq = 50 ml
VCCl4 = 50 ml
KD = 89,8
- Ditanya : %E ?
- Jawab :
50 ml
forg = 0,9889
%E = 98,89 %
V aq
n
V aq+ K D . V org
(b) faq =
1-forg =
50 ml
2
50 ml +89,8 x 50 ml
1-forg =
50 ml 2
54,49 ml
0,011 2
1-forg =
Ditanya : D?
Jawab :
%E =
100 D
Vaq
D+
Vorg
99 =
100 D
V
D+
2V
99 =
100 D
D+ 0,5
D = 0,495
4. Ekstraksi basa lemah. Dalam bentuk basa bebasnya, kokain (BM 303,4) merupakan
amin tersier dengan Kd sekitar 2,6 10-6 (pKb = 5,59). Dalam laboratorim pengujian obat,
kokain kadang diekstraksi dari sampel urin alkalin menjadi eter; residu setelah penguapan
eter itu kemudian diperiksa dengan suatu teknik kromatografi, seringkali kromatografi
lapisan-tipis. (a) pH urin (berbeda dengan darah) bervariasi dan sangat tergantung pada
diet; ini biasanya pada sisi asam dan bisa sampai serendah 4,5. Mengapa sampel urin
tersebut diolah dengan alkali sebelum terekstraksi? [Jelaskan secara kualitatif, dalam
kata-kata; lihat bagian (c) untuk perhitungan.] (b) Menurut salah satu buku pegangan, 1 g
kokain akan larut dalam 600 mL air dan dalam 3,5 mL eter. Hitung Kd. (c) Hitung rasio
distribusi (D) kokain pada nilai pH berair 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, dan 12, dan plot D vs pH.
Bandingkan data aktual dengan konsep kualitatif dalam bagian (a); apakah data tersebut
sesuai dengan gambaran berdasarkan firasat kimia Anda?
Penyelesaian :
- Diketahui :
BM kokain = 303,4 g/mol
Kd = 2,6 10-6
pKb = 5,59
Massa kokain = 1 g
Va = 600 mL
Vo = 3,5 mL
- Ditanya :
a. Mengapa sampel urin tersebut diolah dengan alkali sebelum ekstraksi?
(Jelaskan secara kualitatif, dalam kata-kata)
b. Hitung Kd?
c. Hitung D kokain pada pH berair 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, dan 12 dan buat plot D
vs pH?
- Jawab
:
a. Urine mengandung suatu senyawa yang dinamakan asam urat. Asam urat
adalah hasil akhir yang penting dalam oksidasi urine yang sukar larut dalam
air, tetapi membentuk garam yang larut dalam alkali. Oleh karena itu asam urat
mudah mengendap dalam urine bila dibiarkan. Pengolahan urine dengan alkali
bertujuan untuk melarutkan garam-garam yang terbentuk dari senyawa asam
urat sehingga garam tersebut dapat diekstraksi dan dipergunakan sebagai
sampel suatu pengujian tertentu.
b. Dalam air
Massa Kokain 1000
Ca = Massa Molar
Va
=
1g
1000
= 5,4932 10-3 M
Dalam eter
Co =
=
Massa Molar
Vo
1g
1000
= 0,9417 M
Co
Kd = C a
=
0,9417
5,4932 103
= 171,4301
c. pH = 5 ; pOH = 9 ; [OH-]
= 10-9
OH
K
d. D
=
1+ b
Kd
e.
=
171,4301
6
2,6 10
1+
109
f.
171,4301
2601
g.
= 0,0659
h.
i. pH = 6 ; pOH = 8 ;
[OH-] = 10-8
OH
K
j. D
=
1+ b
Kd
k.
=
171,4301
6
2,6 10
1+
108
l.
171,4301
261
m.
= 0,6568
n.
o. pH = 7 ; pOH = 7 ;
[OH-] = 10-7
OH
K
p. D
=
1+ b
Kd
q.
=
171,4301
2,6 106
1+
7
10
r.
171,4301
27
s.
= 6,3492
t.
u. pH = 8 ; pOH = 6 ;
[OH-] = 10-6
v.
OH
K
=
1+ b
Kd
w.
ai.
=
171,4301
2,6 106
1+
106
x.
ah. D
OH
K
=
1+ b
Kd
=
171,4301
2,6 106
1+
104
171,4301
3,6
aj.
171,4301
1,026
y.
= 47,6194
z.
aa. pH = 9 ; pOH = 5 ;
[OH-] = 10-5
OH
K
ab. D
=
1+ b
Kd
ak.
= 167,0858
al.
am. pH = 11 ; pOH = 3 ;
[OH-] = 10-3
OH
K
an. D
=
1+ b
Kd
ac.
ao.
=
171,4301
6
2,6 10
1+
5
10
ad.
=
171,4301
6
2,6 10
1+
3
10
171,4301
1,26
ae.
= 136,0556
af.
ag. pH = 10 ; pOH = 4 ;
[OH-] = 10-4
ap.
171,4301
1,0026
aq.
= 170,9855
ar.
as. pH = 12 ; pOH = 2 ;
[OH-] = 10-2
at. D
OH
K
=
1+ b
Kd
au.
=
171,4301
6
2,6 10
1+
102
171,4301
1,00026
av.
aw.
= 171,3855
ax.
Plot D vs pH
180.0000
160.0000
140.0000
120.0000
100.0000
D
80.0000
60.0000
40.0000
20.0000
0.0000
4
10
11
12
13
pH
ay.
5. Koefisien distribusi tiga ekstraksi dengan porsi 25 ml suatu pelarut organik
menyingkirkan 96% suatu zat terlarut dan 100 ml larutan berair. Hitunglah koefisien
distribusi ( org/air) dari zat terlarut itu.
az. Jawaban :
- Diketahui : % E = 96 %
ba.
Vaq = 100 ml
- Ditanya : KD?
- Jawab :
bb. faq =
bc.
bd.
be.
bf.
V aq
n
V aq+ K D . V org
0,04 =
100 ml
3
100 ml + K D .25 ml
100 ml
= 7,69
6. Ekstraksi berganda koefisien distribusi suatu zat terlarut S antaea benzena dan air
adalah 12,0 (org/air). Hitung presentasi S yang tereksittasi kedalam benzena dari 50
ml larutan berair S 0,1 M. Jika ekstraksi itu dilakukan dengan (a) Satu porsi 50 ml
benzena (b) 2 porsi 25 ml larutan benzena (c) lima porsi 10 ml benzena
bg. Jawaban :
- Diketahui : KD = 12,0
bh.
-
Vaq = 50 ml
Jawab :
a) faq =
V aq
n
V aq+ K D . V org
bk.
bl.
faq = 0,0769
bm.
forg = 1- f aq
bn.
bo.
%E = 92,3 %
V aq
n
V aq+ K D . V org
bp.
bq.
faq = 0,0204
br.
forg = 1- f aq
bt.
50 ml
1
50 ml +(12).50 ml
= 1-0,0769 =0,923
b) faq =
bs.
0,1 M
50 ml
2
50 ml +(12).25 ml
= 1-0,0204 =0,9796
%E = 97,96%
C) faq =
V aq
n
V aq+ K D . V org
bu.
bv.
bw.
forg = 1- f aq
50 ml
5
50 ml +(12).10 ml
= 1-2,2 x 10-3=0,9979
bx.
by.
%E = 99,79 %
7. tetapan disosiasi asam dan rasio distribusi. Suatu asam HB mempunyai koeffisien
distribusi 9,8 antara pelarut organik dan air. Pada pH 5 tepat separuh bahan tereksitasi
kedalam pelarut organik dan dalam fasa berair yang sama. Hitunglah tetapan disosiasi
HB
bz. Jawaban :
- diketahui : Vaq=Vorg=V
ca.
%E = 50%
cb.
forg = 0,5
- ditanya : Ka dan D?
- Jawab :
H2O + HB
H3O+ + Bcc.
cd. Ka =
[H 3 O]aq [ B]aq
[ HB] org
100 D
Vaq
D+
Vorg
%E =
ce.
50 =
cf.
D=1
100 D
D+1
[ HB ]org
[ HB ] aq+[B] aq
D=
cg.
ch.
ci. 1 =
[ HB ]org
Ka [ HB]org
[HB ]aq+
[ H 3O ] aq
D=
KD
Ka
1+
[ H 3 O ] aq
9,8
Ka
1+ 5
10
8. NO...
9. Ekstraksi suatu kelat logam. Suatu zat pengkelat HT, yang dilarutkan dalam suatu
pelarut organik mengekstrak suatu logam, M2+, dan dalam suatu larutan berair
menurut reaksi
2H2O + M2+(aq) + 2HTorg -> MT2org + 2H3O+(aq)
ck.
cl.
Jawaban:
- Jawab :
co.
a.
cp.
cq.
+
H 2O
b.
log
f . Vaq
( Vorgf
. Vorg )
cr.
log
0,01 .(10)
( 100,01
.10 )
cs.
log
( 0,1
9,9 )
ct.
pH
cu.
cv. log
= -1 + (-6) + 2pH
= -7 + 2pH
= 2,502
log
f . Vaq
( Vorgf
. Vorg )
0,25 .10
( 100,25
.10 )
= -7 + 2pH
cw. log
cx. pH
cy.
( 2,5
7,5 )
= -7 + 2pH
=3,26
log
f . Vaq
( Vorgf
. Vorg )
cz. log
0,5 .10
( 100,5
.10 )
da. log
( 55 )
db. pH
dc.
=3,5
log
f . Vaq
( Vorgf
. Vorg )
0,75. 10
( 100,25
. 10 )
de. log
( 7,5
2,5 )
dg.
= -7 + 2pH
= -7 + 2pH
=3,73
log
f . Vaq
( Vorgf
. Vorg )
dh. log
0,999. 10
( 100,999
. 10 )
di. log
( 9,99
0,1 )
dj. pH
= -7 + 2pH
= -7 + 2pH
dd. log
df. pH
= -7 + 2pH
= -7 + 2pH
=4,99
dk.
10. Ekstraksi suatu kelat logam. Ulangi soal 9 untuk suatu logam N2+ dimana tetapan
kesetimbangan untuk reaksi itu seperti dirumuskan di atas adalah 1,0 x 10-7. Plotkan
datanya seperti di atas dan pilihlah pH serendah mungkin untuk memisahkan M2+ dan
N2+.
- Diketahui :
dl.
dm.
+
H 3 O
2+
N
[ NT 2 ]o
K ex =
dn.
Diketahui :
do.
Kex= 10-7
dp.
[HT]o = 10-3
dq.
dr.
+
H 3 O
DM
K ex=
ds.
+
H 3 O
2
K ex [ HT ] o
DM=
dt.
Penyelesaian :
pH = 0
dv.
log DM
= log Kex + 2 log[HT]o + 2 pH
dw.
= log 10-7 + 2 log 10-3 + 2(0)
dx.
= -7 6
dy.
= -13
dz.
pH = 0,5
ea.
log DM
= log Kex + 2 log[HT]o + 2 pH
eb.
= log 10-7 + 2 log 10-3 + 2(-0,5)
ec.
= -7 6 - 1
ed.
= -14
ee.
pH = -1
ef.
log DM
= log Kex + 2 log[HT]o + 2 pH
eg.
= log 10-7 + 2 log 10-3 + 2(-1)
eh.
= -7 6 - 2
ei.
= -15
ej.
pH = -1,5
ek.
log DM
= log Kex + 2 log[HT]o + 2 pH
el.
= log 10-7 + 2 log 10-3 + 2(-1,5)
em.
= -7 6 - 3
en.
= -16
eo.
pH = -2
ep.
log DM
= log Kex + 2 log[HT]o + 2 pH
eq.
= log 10-7 + 2 log 10-3 + 2(-2)
er.
= -7 6 - 4
es.
= -17
pH = 1
et.
log DM
eu.
log 10-8
ev.
ew.
ex.
ey.
pH = 2
ez.
log DM
fa.
log 10-8
fb.
fc.
fd.
fe.
+
H 3 O
+
H 3 O
ff.
0
-2
-2
-1.5
-1
-4
-6
-8
log DM
-10
-12
-14
-16
-18
pH
fg.
fh.
pH = 1
fi.
+
H 3 O
DM
K ex=
fj.
10 ( 10 )
(102)4
fk.
108 .104
8
10
fl.
10
1 4
-4
fm.
pH = 2
fn.
H 3O
DM
K ex=
fo.
104 (102 )4
(102) 4
-0.5
104 .108
108
fp.
fq.
fr.
10
-4
10
8
6
4
2
log DM
0
-2 1
-4
-6
-8
-10
pH
pH = 3
fs.
H 3O
DM
K ex=
ft.
101 (103 )4
(103 )4
fu.
fv.
fw.
pH = 4
10
101 .1012
8
10
-4
fx.
+
H 3 O
DM
K ex=
fy.
10 (10 )
(102)4
fz.
4 4
10 4 .1016
108
10
ga.
-4
pH = 5
gb.
+
H 3 O
DM
K ex=
gc.
10 8( 105)4
(102 )4
gd.
10 8 .1020
108
ge.
10
-4
gf.
11. Ekstraksi suatu kelat logam. Suatu ion logam tertentu diekstraksi oleh suatu zat
pengkelat seperti dalam soal no 9 dan 10. Konsentrasi zat pengkelat dalam fasa
organik adalah 0,010 M. Diperoleh data berikut :
gg.
gh.
gi.
gj.
gk.
pH
1
2
3
4
5
D
10-8
10-4
1
104
108
Plotkan log vs pH dan carilah nilai n dan Kex
Jawaban:
gl. pH =1
gm.
+
H 3 On
10
4
8 (1)
10
=104
2 4
(10 )
Dm
Kex=
gn.pH = 2
+
H 3 On
10
4
go.
4 (2)
10
=104
2 4
(10 )
Dm
Kex=
gp.pH = 3
+
H 3 O n
10
4
gq. (3)
=104
2 4
(10 )
Dm
Kex=
gr. pH = 4
+
H 3 On
10
4
gs.
4 (4)
4
10
=10
2 4
(10 )
Dm
Kex=
gt. pH = 5
+
H 3 On
10
(5)4
gu.
108
=104
2 4
(10 )
Dm
Kex=
gv.
gw.
pH =1
H3 O
+
gx. [ HX ] n log
Kex +n log
Dm=log
log
10
2
gy. 10 =log Kex +n log 10 n log(1)
log
8
102
8=log
Kex+
n
log
gz.
101
1
n
hb. 8=log Kex+ log 10
n
hc. 8=log ( Kex .10 )
hd.
he.pH = 2
H3 O
+
hf. [ HX ] n log
Kex +n log
Dm=log
log
10
2
hg. 10 =log Kex+n log10 n log(2)
log
4
102
4=log
Kex+n
log
2
hh.
10
1
hl.
hm.
Plot pH 1 dan pH 2
1
hn. 8=log Kex+n log 10
1
ho. 4=log Kex+n log10
1
hp. 4=n log 10
hq. 4=n
hr. 4=n
hs.
10
8
f(x) = 4x - 12.2
R = 1
6
4
2
Log Dm
0
-2 0
-4
log Dm
Linear (log Dm)
-6
-8
-10
pH
ht.
12. Ekstraksi craig. Koefisien distribusi untuk ekstraksi zat terlarut A dari dalam air
kedalam suatu pelarut organik adalah 10 (organik/air) A sebanyak 1 gram dilarutkan
dalam air dan ditaruh dalam tabung o dari suatu alat ekstraksi craig dan diekstraksi
dengan pelarut organiknya. Fasa organik itu dipindahkan dari dalaam tabung 0 ke
tabung 1, dan seterusnya. (a) hitunglah fraksi A yang tetap berada dalam tabung 0
setelah lima transfer. (b) Hitunglah fraksi A dalam tabung 1,2,3,4, dan 5
hu. Jawaban:
- Diketahui : KDA = 10 org/air
hv.
WA = 1 gram dalam tabung 0
- Ditanya :
a. fA dalam tabung 0 setelah lima transfer
b. fA dalam tabung 1,2,3,4,5
- Jawab :
1
E 5
+
a. fA0 = 1+ E 1+ E
hw.
fA0 =
1
10
+
1+ 10 1+10
=1
5 ! (10)
f5,1 = 1 ! ( 51 ) ! (1+ 10)5
5 ! (10)
f5,2 = 2 ! ( 52 ) ! (1+10)5
= 3,1 x 10-4
= 6,2 x 10-4
5! (10)
f5,3 = 3 ! ( 53 ) !(1+10)5
= 6,2 x 10-4
5 ! (10)
f5,4= 4 ! ( 54 ) ! (1+10)5
= 3,1 x 10-4
Vatas
E = KD x V bawah
0,03125
hy.
fA5 =
= 10 x 0,03125 = 10
1
10
+
1+ 10 1+10
=1
hz.
13. Ekstraksi Craig. Ulangi soal 12 kecuali bahwa nilai KD sekarang adalah 100.
5
1
E
+
a. fA0 = 1+ E 1+ E
ia.
fA0 =
1
100
+
1+ 100 1+100
=1
5 !(100)
f5,1 = 1 ! ( 51 ) ! (1+ 100)5
= 4,75 x 10-10
5 ! (100)
f5,2 = 2 ! ( 52 ) ! (1+100)5
= 9,5 x 10-8
5 ! (100)
f5,3 = 3 ! ( 53 ) !(1+100)5
= 9,5 x 10-8
5 ! (100)
f5,4= 4 ! ( 54 ) ! (1+100)5
= 4,75 x 10-4
Vatas
E = KD x V bawah
0,03125
ic.
fA5 =
id.
ie.
if.
1
100
+
1+ 100 1+100
=1
ig.
ih. PECSOK
ii. 3-1 What is the minimunm value of K D which would allow the extraction of 99.9% of
a solute from 50 ml off water with successive 50 ml portions of ether?
ij. Jawaban:
%E
Diketahui
:
=
99,9% (5x ekstraksi)
f (a)
= (100 99,9)% = 0,1 % = 10-3
ik.
V (a )
il.
= 50 mL
V (O)
im.
-
Ditanya:
Jawab:
50 mL
K D ..... ?
n
f (a)
in.
V ( a)
(
)
V (a )+V (o) K D
5
50
)
50+ 50 K D
io.
10
ip.
5 103
50
50+ 50 K D
iq.
0,25
50
50+ 50 K D
ir.
12,5+12,5 K D
is.
12,5 K D
it.
KD
= 37,5
37,5
12,5
iu.
KD
50
iv.
iw. 3-2 If five extraction with 100 ml portion of extract 90% of asolute an aquoeus
solution, what fraction of the solute will ten similiar extraction remove ?
ix. Jawaban:
-
Diketahui :
iy.
V (o) = 100 Ml
iz.
%e = 90% = 0,9
ja.
Faq = 1 0,9 = 0,1
jb.
V(a) = 50 mL
Ditanya :
jc.
F ............... ?
Jawab :
E=
jd.
100 D
V (a)
D+
V (o)
100 D
D+1
je.
0,9=
jf.
0,9 D + 0,9
jg. 99,1 D
jh.
D
= 100 D
= 0,9
=9,08 x 10-3]
ji.
V ( a)
DV ( o ) +V ( a )
f =
jj.
jk.
50
9,8 x 10 (50 )+50
f =
jl.
50
50, 00454
f =
jm.
f =0, 99 x 100
jn. f =99
jo.
jp. 3-3 Drive an expression similar to Equation 3-10 for the distribution of pyridine
between water and benzene :
C
jq.
jr.
H5N + H+ = C
H5NH+ ( in water )
Jawaban :
H5N + H+ = C
5H
N
5
org
KD =
C
5H
5H
+
+
H
Ka =
C
[ 5 H 5 N ]
ju.
5 H
+
C
+
H
[5 H 5 N ]
Ka
H5N + H+ C
H5NH+
2C 5 H 5 N C 5 H 5 N .C 5 H 5 N
jz.
KD =
ka.
5 H
[ 5 H 5 N .C 5 H 5 N ]
D =
5 H
N
5
5 H
N
5 N .C 5 H 5
org
5 H
N
5
5 H
C total piridinorg
=
C total piridin aq
kb.
5H
N
5
5H
N
5
5H
N
5
5H
N
5
aq
kc.
kd.
5H
N
5
5H
N
5
aq
5H
N
5
D =
5H
N
5
org
+
H
1+2 K D
ke.
kf. 3-4 In the craig process, some of the solute remains in the vesel no matter how many
transfers are made. Assuming that Vs = Vm, and that KD =1, what fraction of the solute
will remain in the first two vessels after ten transfers ?
kg. Jawaban:
-
Diketahui : Vs=Vm=1
kh.
KD = 1
Jawab
ki.
p=
kj.
q=
KD xV s
K D x V s+ V m
Vm
K D x V s+ V m
1x 1
1 x 1+1
1
1+1
1
2
=
1
2
kk.
kl. 3-5 A sample containing approximately 1 gram off organic substance. A is dissolved
in 100 ml of water. The aqueos solution is then shalen with 100 ml of ether. Analysis
of ether layer shows that 0,7gram of A is extracted.
Cet
Caq
km. Jawaban :
kn. Diketahui :
Wo = 1 gram
ko. Vaq = 10 ml
kp. Vorg = 100 ml
kq. forg = 0,7 gr
kr. Ditanya KD = . . . ?
ks. Jawab :
Cet
kt. KD =
Caq
ku.
- faq
kv.
faq
V aq
V aq+ K D ( V org )
100 ml
100 ml + KD(100 ml)
1- 0,7 gram
)1 x Wo
)1 x 1 gram
100 ml
100 ml + K D (100 ml)
gram
kw.
0,3 gram ( 100 ml + KD (100 ml))
kx.
30 ml gram + 30 ml . KD
ky.
KD
=
=
=
2,33
)1 x 1
100 ml (1 gram)
100 ml gram
b. How many addition extraction with 100 ml portions of ether would be requred to
extract 95 % of the substance ?
kz. Jawaban :
la. Diketahui :
Vorg = 100 ml
lb.
Forg = 95 %
lc. Ditanya n = . . . ?
ld. Jawab :
le.
lf.
V aq
V aq+ K D (V org )
faq
1-0,95 =
V aq
V aq+ K D (V org )
100 ml
100 ml +(2,33)(100 ml)
lg. 0,05
)n x 1 gram
lh.
n 0,05
100 ml
100 ml +233 ml
li.
n 0,05
100 ml
333 ml
lj.
n 0,05
=
0,3 log 0,05
lk.
)n x Wo
)n x 1 gram
x 1 gram
x 1 gram
0,3 ml
=n
log 0,05
log 0,3
ll.
lm.
=n
= 2,5
c. What fraction of would have been extracted by four 25-ml pertions of ether?
ln.
lo.
Jawaban :
faq
V aq
V aq+ K D (V org )
)4 x Wo
)4 x Wo
lp.
1 forg
V aq
V aq+ K D (V org )
lq.
1 forg
100 ml
158,25 ml
lr.
ls.
lt.
lu.
1 forg
1 forg
forg
forg
=
=
=
=
(0,632)4
0,16
0,84
84 %
)4 x 1 gram
lv.
lw. 3-6 The distribution coefficient of organic compound is K D = Caq /Cpent =5.0. A 0.55 g
sample is placed in vessel 0 of a Craig apparatus. Each vessel holds 4 ml of water and
4 ml of pentane (the lighter solvent which is transfered). Calculate the fraction of the
compound which is in each vessel after four tranfers.
lx. Jawaban :
-
ly.
lz.
-
Vm=Vs = 4 ml
Massa = 0,55 gram
Jawab
ma.
p=
mb.
mc.
KD xV s
K D x V s+ V m
Vm
K D x V s+ V m
q=
5x4
5 x 4+ 4
4
5 x 4+ 4
20 5
=
24 6
=
1
6
5
6
1
6
1
6
md.
()
me.
625
125
+4
1296
1296
mf.
+4
( )( )
5
6
+6
+6
( )( )
25
( 1296
)
+4
+4
5
6
1
6
( )( )
1
6
()
5
1
( 1296
) + ( 1296
)
mg. the fraction of the compound which is in each vessel after four tranfers adalah
48,22%, 38,58%, 11,57%, 1,54%, dan 0,07%(0,1)%
mh. 3-7 Three extractions with 50 ml portions of chloroform removed 97% of a solute
from 200 ml of an aquoes solution. Calculate the distribution coefficient of the solute.
KD = Cchlor/Caq
mi. Jawaban :
-
Diket
: forg = 0,97
mj.
Vorg = 50 ml
mk.
Vaq = 200 ml
ml.
n =3
Ditanya : KD?
Jawab : faq = 1 - forg
mm. = 1 - 0,97
mn.
= 0,03
V aq
n
mo.
faq = V aq+ K D . V org
mp.
0,03 =
200
3
200+ K D .50
200
mq.
mr.
ms.
mt.
mu.
62 + 15,5KD = 200
KD =
KD
138
15,5
= 8,9
mv. 3-8 two weak base (organic amines) have basic dissociation constant of Kba = 1 x10-4 and
KbB = 1 x 10-8 . both bases have distribution coefficients approximately 10 beetween
chloform and water. Describe a procedure, making the use of the difference in K b for
seperating two by extraction.
-
mw.
KbB = 1 x 10-8
mx.
KD = 10 :
-
Ditanya :
Jawab :
my. Misal: pH = 8
O H
1+
K
mz. DA =
0,09901
bA /
Kd
O H
na. DB = 1+ K bB / 9,90099
Kd
nb.
nc. 3-9 Two weak acid, HX and HY, have distribution coefficient K D = Cet / Caq of 5 and 50,
respectively and dissociation constants of 1 x 10-4 and 1 x 10-8 . respectively. Calculate the
distribution ratios of two acid at integral values of pH of the aquoes solution from pH 4
to 1, assuming equal volumes of the two solvents. What is the minimum pH for which
the ratio of D values is at least 105 ?
nd.
Jawaban :
Diket: KD Hx
= Cet/ Caq = 5
ne.
KD HY
= Cet/ Caq = 50
nf.
Ka Hx
= 1 x 10-4
ng.
Ka HY
= 1 x 10-8
nh.
V Hx
= V HY
+
H
nj.
D Hx pH 4
=
Kq
1+
KD
nk.
b. pH
np.
nq.
5
4
10
1+ 4
[ 10 ]
nl.
5
1+1
nm.
5
2
nn.
no.
=5
+
H
2,5
= 10-5
D Hx pH 4
nr.
+
H
=
Kq
1+
KD
5
104
1+ 5
[ 10 ]
c. pH
nw.
nx.
ns.
5
1
1+10
nt.
5
11
nu.
nv.
=6
+
H
0,45
= 10-6
D Hx pH 4
ny.
d. pH
oa.
ob.
e. pH
od.
oe.
nz.
=7
+
H
5
104
1+ 6
[ 10 ]
0,0495
= 10-7
D Hx pH 4
oc.
=8
+
H
+
H
=
Kq
1+
KD
+
H
=
Kq
1+
KD
0,004995
= 10-8
D Hx pH 4
+
H
=
Kq
1+
KD
of.
f. pH
oh.
oi.
og.
=9
+
H
0,00049
= 10-9
D Hx pH 4
oj.
g. pH
ol.
om.
ok.
= 10
+
H
op.
5
104
1+ 9
[ 10 ]
= 10-10
D Hx pH 4
on.
oo.
= 11
+
H
+
H
=
Kq
1+
KD
0,000049
h. pH
5
104
1+ 8
[ 10 ]
+
H
=
Kq
1+
KD
5
104
1+ 10
[ 10 ]
0,0000049
= 10-11
oq.
D Hx pH 4
or.
i. pH
ot.
ou.
os.
=4
+
H
= 10-4
D HY pH 4
ov.
oz.
pa.
5
104
1+ 11
[ 10 ]
0,0000049
j. pH
+
H
=
Kq
1+
KD
+
H
=
Kq
1+
KD
50
108
1+ 4
[ 10 ]
50
1+104
ow.
ox.
49,95
oy.
=5
+
H
50
= 10-5
D Hx pH 4
pb.
+
H
=
Kq
1+
KD
50
108
1+ 5
[ 10 ]
k. pH
pf.
pg.
pd.
pe.
=6
+
H
49,5
= 10-6
D Hx pH 4
ph.
l. pH
pj.
pk.
pi.
=7
+
H
pn.
50
108
1+ 6
[ 10 ]
= 10-7
D Hx pH 4
pl.
pm.
=8
+
H
+
H
=
Kq
1+
KD
49,504
m. pH
50
3
1+10
pc.
+
H
=
Kq
1+
KD
50
8
10
1+ 7
[ 10 ]
0,004995
= 10-8
po.
D Hx pH 4
pp.
n. pH
pr.
ps.
pq.
=9
+
H
25
= 10-9
pt.
o. pH
pv.
pw.
50
108
1+ 9
[ 10 ]
= 10-10
D Hx pH 4
px.
py.
= 11
+
H
=
Kq
1+
KD
4,45
p. pH
50
108
1+ 8
[ 10 ]
D Hx pH 4
pu.
= 10
+
H
+
H
=
Kq
1+
KD
+
H
=
Kq
1+
KD
50
8
10
1+ 10
[ 10 ]
0,4950
pz.
qa.
+
H
= 10-11
D Hx pH 4
qb.
qc.
qd.
rf.
rg.
rh.
+
H
=
Kq
1+
KD
50
108
1+ 11
[ 10 ]
0,0499
qf.
DH
qg.
DHY
qi.
2,5
ql.
0,4
qj.
50
qm.
49,5
qp.
49,50
4
qs.
45,45
qv.
25
qy.
4,54
rb.
0,495
0
re.
0,049
9
qq.
7
qt.
8
qw.
9
qz.
10
qr.
0,0
04995
qu.
0,0
0049
qx.
0,0
00049
ra.
0,0
000049
rc.
11
rd.
0,0
0000049
5
qo.
0,0
495
5
Jadi, pH minimal dengan nilai D > 10
adalah pH = 10
3-10 Formaldehyde has a distribution coefficient, C et/Caq = 0,111 at 25oC. How many
liters of water will be required to remove in one extraction 95% of the formaldehyde
from 1 liter of ether containing 0,5 mole of formaldehyde ?
Jawaban:
ri.
rj.
rk.
rl.
-
D1:
f org= 0,95
f aq= 1-0,95= 0,05
V org= 1 L
KD= C org/ C aq= 0,111
n= 1
D2: V air ...?
D3:
rm.
faq=
V aq
V aq + KD .1 L
V aq
V aq +1 L . KD
rn.
0,05=
ro.
rp.
rq.
rs.
rt.
ru.
Jawaban :
-
rv.
rw.
rx.
ry.
-
Diket:
Vorg = 50 mL
Massa = 5 gram
n=5
Vaq = 25 mL
Ditanya: forg = ...?
Dimisalkan D = 10
Jawab:
V aq
V aq + D(Vorg)
rz.
faq =
.Wo
sa.
1 forg =
25 mL
25 mL+10(50 mL)
. 5 gram
sb.
1 forg = 12.10-7
sc.
forg = 1 - 12.10-7
sd.
f0rg = 1 mg
se.
sf.
3-12 Suppose you were given 100 mL of an aqueos solution containing 1 mL of LSD.
You wish to extract the LSD into ether.the distribution coefficient is given by
C et
K
=
=10
D
sg.
Caq
sh.
si.
ether?
sj.
sk.
sl.
a. How much LSD would be extracted with one 150 mL portion of ether?
b. How much LSD would be extracted with three successive 50 mL portion of
Jawaban :
a. How much LSD would be extracted with one 150 mL portion of ether?
V aq
f aq=
.W 0
V aq+ K D V org
100 mL
.1 mg
( 100 mL+10
. 150 mL )
100 mL
=(
.1 mg
1600 mL )
sm.
1f org=
sn.
f org
so.
f org=10,0625 mg
sp.
f org=0,9375 mg
sq.
sr.
ss.
b. How much LSD would be extracted with one 150 mL portion of ether?
n
V aq
f aq=
. W0
V aq + K D V org
3
100 mL
.W 0
100 mL+10 . 50 mL
(
)
100 mL
=(
. 1 mg
600 mL )
st.
1f org=
su.
1f org
sv.
1f org= ((0,167)3 ) mg
sw.
f org=10,0046 mg
sx.
f org=0,995 mg
sy.
3-13 the dissociation constant for propionic acid, HOP, in water is K a =1 x10-5 You are
given and its distribution coefficient between ether and water is K D =2,85. You are
given a solution of 8 gram of HOPr in 500 ml of water which has been adjusted to pH 4
by the addition off base. The HOPr is extacted from aqueuos solution with two 250 ml
portion of ether. What is the pH of the waterlayer affter the second extraction?
sz.
ta.
Jawaban:
tb.
tc.
KD
= 2,85
td.
w(o)
= 8,00 gr
te.
V (a )
= 500 mL
tf.
pH1
V (o )
tg.
-
Ditanya
Jawab :
:...............pH2
2,85
1 105
1+
104
2,590
n
V (a )
w(a) = w(o) (
)
D V (o) +V (a)
tj.
tk.
2
500
8(
)
=..............
2,590 ( 500 ) +500
500 2
8(
)
=..............
1147,5
=.............. 1,5189 gr
massa
1000
D =
K
1+ a
KD
ti. =
(suasana basa)
th. =
+
H = 104
= 4
1,1589 1000
18
2
tm.
=..............
tn. =
+
H
0,1688
=
Ka M
to.
1105 (0,1688)
tp.
= 1,2990 10-3
tr.
ts.
tt.
tu.
tv.