1.

Penggunaan Wish/hope dalam conditional sentences

Verb wish dan hope sama-sama berarti berharap, tetapi penggunaannya dalam kalimat sangat
berbeda. Hope digunakan untuk mengekspresikan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi atau akan
mungkin terjadi. Sebaliknya, wish digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang pasti tidak terjadi
atau tidak akan mungkin terjadi. Hope dapat diikuti oleh verb dalam sembarang tensis; wish
tidak dapat diikuti oleh verb dalam simple present tense atau modal auxiliary simple present
tense.
Perhatikan perbedaan penggunaan wish dan hope pada contoh-contoh di bawah ini:
1. We hope that they can come. (kita berharap bahwa mereka bisa datang). Dalam kalimat
ini subject we tidak tahu apakah they bisa datang atau tidak. Tetapi, ada kemungkinan
bahwa they bisa datang.
2. We wish that they could come. (kita berharap bahwa mereka bisa datang). Di sini, we
sudah tahu bahwa they tidak bisa datang. Faktanya adalah: they cant come.
3. I hope that they came yesterday. (saya berharap kamu datang kemarin). Di sini, I tidak
tahu apakah they datang atau tidak kemarin.
4. I wish that they had come yesterday. (saya berharap bahwa mereka datang kemarin). Di
sini, I sudah tahu bahwa they didnt come yesterday. Faktanya adalah: they didnt come
yesterday.
Jadi, clause yang mengikuti wish clause pada prinsipnya adalah unreal conditional.
Penggunaan wish dalam unreal conditionals ada 3, yaitu: future wish, present wish, dan past
wish.
a. Future wish
S + could + verb1
S + wish + (that) +
S + would +verb1
S + were + verb-ing
Note: Penggunaan relative pronoun that adalah optional (bisa digunakan, bisa juga tidak):
Contoh:
1. I wish my friend would visit me this afternoon. (Saya berharap teman saya akan
mengunjungi saya sore ini). Faktanya: my friend will not come this afternoon.
2. They wish that you could come to the party tonight. (Mereka berharap bahwa kamu bisa
datang sebentar malam). Faktanya: you cant come.
3. Bobby wishes he were coming with Angelia. (Bobby berharap dia datang dengan
Angelia). Faktanya: Bobby is not coming with Angelia.
b. Present wish

S + wish + (that) + S + verb2

Contoh:
1. I wish I were rich. (Saya berharap saya kaya). Faktanya adalah: I am not rich.
2. I wish I had enough time to finish my work. (Saya berharap saya punya cukup waktu
untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan saya). Faktanya: I dont have enough time to finish my
work.
3. John wishes that Ririn were old enough to be his girl friend. (John berharap bahwa Ririn
cukup umur untuk menjadi pacarnya). Faktanya: Ririn is not old enough to be Johns girl
friend.
4. I wish I didnt have to come to class today. (Saya berharap saya tidak harus pergi kuliah
hari ini). Faktanya: I have to go to class today.
5. I wish my TOEFL score were over 650 now. (Saya berharap nilai TOEFL saya sekarang
lebih dari 650). Faktanya: my TOEFL score is not over 650 now.
c. Past wish
S + wish + (that) +

S + have + verb3
S + could + have + verb3

Contoh:
1. I wish I had washed my clothes yesterday. (Saya berharap saya telah cuci pakaianpakaian saya kemarin). Faktanya: I didnt wash my clothes yesterday.
2. Irwan wishes that he had answered the questions well. (Irwan berharap bahwa dia telah
menjawab soal-soal dengan baik). Faktanya: Irwan didnt answer the questions well.
3. Christian Ronaldo wishes that his team could have beaten the German team. (Christian
Ronaldo berharap bahwa teamnya dapat mengalahkan team Jerman). Faktanya: Christian
Ronaldos team couldnt beat the German team.
4. I wish you had been here last night. (Saya berharap kamu ada di sini tadi malam).
Faktanya: you were not here last night.

( peristiwa yg blm terjadi )

rumus :
S+WISH/HOPE+PRESENTTENSE
ex : asti wishes we win the competition
TIPE 2
rumus :
a) S +WISH/HOPE+PAST TENSE
b) IF ONLY+ PAST TENSE
MC : Simple presentense
ex :
a) Laela wishes we won the competition
> we dont win the competition
b) If only she were home
>she isnt home
TIPE 3
( peristiwanya lampau )
Rumus:
a) S+WISH/HOPE+PAST PERFECTTENSE
b) IF ONLY +PAST PERFECT TENSE
MC : PAST TENSE
ex :
a) Laela wishes we had won the competition
> we didnt win the competition
b) if only she had been home
> she wasnt home

Berikut adalah beberapa frase dan contoh kalimat yang bisa digunakan untuk mengungkapkan
atau mengekspresikan willingness/ wishes and hope (keinginan dan harapan).
A.

Willingness (Keinginan)

1.

Menggunakan Adjectives: Willing (Berminat)

Contoh Kalimat:
Im not willing to help you. (Artinya: Saya tidak berminat membantumu)
He is willing to come back. (Artinya: Dia berminat untuk kembali)
Etc.

2.

Menggunakan Adverbs: Willingly (Dengan sengaja/ berminat)

Contoh Kalimat:
Did you do this job willingly?
(Artinya: Apakah kamu dengan sengaja mengerjakan pekerjaan ini?)
I pick you willingly.
(Artinya: Saya menjemputmu dengan sengaja)
Etc.

3.

Menggunakan Nouns: Will (Kemauan/ Kehendak)

Contoh Kalimat:
Its not my will. (Artinya: Ini bukan keinginan/ kehendakku)
I dont understand your will. (Artinya: Saya tidak mengerti keinginanmu)
Etc.

4.

I would like to (Saya ingin)

Contoh Kalimat:
I would like to drink. (Artinya: Saya ingin minum)
I would like to see you. (Artinya: Saya ingin menemuimu)
Etc.

5.

Wish + Clause (Mengharapkan/ ingin)

Contoh Kalimat:
I wish I could help you. (Artinya: Saya berharap saya dapat membantumu)
I wish I know your address. (Artinya: Saya ingin tahu alamatmu)
Etc.

B.

Hope (Harapan)

1.

If only (Kalau saja/ seandainya)

Contoh Kalimat:
If only I knew your address. (Artinya: Kalau saja/ seandainya saya tahu alamatmu)
If only I had money. (Artinya: Seandainya saja saya punya uang)
Etc.
2.

Hope + that clause (Mengharap)

Contoh Kalimat:
I hope that you have done the test.
(Artinya: Saya harap kamu sudah mengerjakan tes tersebut)
I hope that we shall get much money.
(Artinya: Saya harap kita dapat memperoleh banyak uang)
Etc.

3.

Subjunctive Phrase (Ungkapan semoga/ doa)

Contoh Kalimat:
May God Bless you. (Artinya: Semoga Tuhan memberkatimu)
May you pass in exam. (Artinya: Semoga kamu lulus ujian)
Etc.
RUMUS SIMPLE "WISH" :
1. SUBJUCTIVE WITH WISH
Wish can be used with several different tenses :
* Wish + past simple
* Wish + past perfect
* Wish + would + infinitive
a. Wish + Past Simple
This expresses an unrealistic desire for the present situation to be different since
there is very little chance of the change occuring.
Example : ^ I wish I lived in Australia
^ I wish I had wings
b. Wish + Past Perfect
This expresses a desire that an action or event in the past had been different.
Example : ^ I wish I hadn't decided to work in that company
c. Wish + Would + Infinitive
This expresses a desire for a situation to change either now or in the future. The
change could possibly occur but it generally depends on action from some other
persons or things.
Example : ^ I wish he would give up smoking

2. SUBJUNCTIVES WITH IF ONLY

If only can be used instead of wish in all three constructions above. If only has a

stronger and unrealistic meaning than wish.

Example : ^ If only I had wings (V2)