c. Pellet
Pellet merupakan partikel berukuran < 1mm berbentuk spheris atau elips dengan komposisi
CaCO3. Secara genetic pellet merupakan kotoran dari organisme.
2. Porositas batuan karbonat tersebut tidak dipengaruhi atau dikontrol oleh kemas (fabric)
batuan, disebut sebagai not fabric selective, yaitu porositas:
a. Fracture :
Rongga yang berbentuk rekahan, yang terbentuk akibat adanya tekanan luar, dan
biasanya terjadi setelah pengendapan, serta berasosiasi dengan proses perlipatan,
pensesaran ataupun salt doming. Terjadi pada batuan karbonat yang relatif brittle,
biasanya homogen, seperti kapur dan dolomit.
b. Channel :
Saluran antar rongga yang terbentuk akibat pelarutan.
c. Vug
Lubang yang terbentuk sebagai akibat proses pelarutan, seperti gerowong.
d. Cavern :
Pelarutan lubang yang bisa membesar, sehingga dapat dimasuki manusia.
Sorting/ pemilahan
Sorting baik
Besar butir merata (matriks hanya sedikit/tidak ada)
Sorting buruk
Besar butir tak merata dan matriks cukup banyak
Rounding/Kebundaran
Terbagi atas :
Angular (menyudut)
Rounded (bulat)
A. Biomicrite, Twin Creek Limestone (Jurassic), near Jackson, Wyoming. Diam. 2.7 mm.
Poorly sorted, ragged organic fragments enclosed in a matrix of calcite mud (stippled).
Most larger fragments are fibrous calcite and may be bits of brachiopod or of certain
molluscan shells; two coarse calcite fragments are bits of echinoids. Ragged, disoriented
character of the organic fragments suggests bioturbation.
B. Crinoidal limestone, Trenton Limestone (Ordovician). Trenton Falls, New York. Diam. 3
mm. Medium-grained limestone composed of tightly interlocking crinoid fragments.
Pressure solution along grain boundaries has produced microstylolites between the
grains. One phosphate shell fragment in lower part of diagram.
C. Cephalopod biomicrite (Silurian), Chuohle, Bohemia. Diam. 4 mm. Casts of the nautiloid
cephalopod Otthoceras (circular cross-sections) composed of medium-grained sparry
calcite are embedded in a matrix of microcrystalline calcite and small shell fragments.
Absence of any trace of shell in the large casts suggests that the original shells were
removed by solution and the resulting molds later filled with calcite spar,
A. Pleistocene ooids. Great Salt Lake, Utah. Diam. 3 mm. Ooids consist of sub-angular
detrital quartz grains enclosed by aragonite having both concentric and radial fibrous
structure. Incipient cement.
B. Oomicrite, Volksen, Deister Mountains, Germany. Diam. 3 mrp. Loosely packed ooids
consist of nudei encased by microcrystalline calcite (dark stippling); nuclei are shell
fragments, some of which have been recrystallized to calcite mosaics. Ooids occur in a
micrite matrix that has been partially recrystallized; note patches of neomorphic
microspar and fine-grained spar. The allochems are called ooids, because nuclei are
visible and also because vague relics of concentric structure are visible in some (not
illustrated); they have probably been micritized.
C. Composite ooids (Pleistocene), Pyramid Lake, Nevada. Diam. 6 mm. Large ooids
consisting of microcrystalline (stippled) and radial fibrous (dear) concentric layers. Nuclei
are fragments of broken colds, clusters of tiny ooids (right and center), and bits of
granular carbonate (lower right). Incipient cementation as in A.
A. Oolitic biosparite (Jurassic), Bath, England. Diam. 2.5 mm. Radial fibrous calcite ooids
(upper right), microgranular calcite pellets (heavily stippled, at bottom), and abraded
shell fragments, all cemented with fine-grained calcite. Cement fabric consists of bladed
calcite crystals rimming each carbonate fragment, with coarse calcite crystals (lightly
stippled, near bottom) occupying the centers of original pores. Some shell fragments are
original fibrous calcite; some are abraded single crystals, probably from echinoids (right
and left); some are recrystallized granular calcite and were probably aragonite originally.
Micrite envelopes on most allochems.
B. Recent ooids, coast of southern Florida. Diam. 2.5 mm. Dark microcrystalline ooids
having distinct concentric structure. Nuclei are microcrystalline pellets; concentric
carbonate is aragonite. Partly cemented with fine-grained calcite, which probably formed
in the vadose environment. Remaining pores are blank.
C. Oosparite, St. Louis Limestone (Mississippian), Bowling Green, Kentucky. Diam. 2.5
mm. Ooids consisting of radial fibrous calcite, but with distinct concentric banding, tightly
packed and firmly cemented by fine-grained clear calcite. Nuclei in ooids are mostly
microcrystalline calcite pellets, but a few appear organic (right edge and lower right).
Compare the looser packing in B.
A. Dolomitized Devonian coral. Bear River Range, northern Utah. Diam. 8 mm. Limestone
matrix and septa of coral replaced by very fine-grained dolomite; coarser dolomite has
filled in between septa in coral; dolomite euhedra near the center are enclosed in a single
large calcite crystal.
B. Dolomitized crinoidal limestone (Silurian), Niagara River, \New York. Diam. 6 mm.
Coarse calcite crystals (stippled) are remnants of crinoid plates and stem segments
enclosed and marginally replaced by a fine-grained mosaic of subhedral dolomite
crystals.
C. Dolomitized Devonian coral {Cyathophyllum}, Eifel, Germany. Diam. 3 mm. Coral
structure cut longitudinally. Septa consist of cross-oriented prismatic dolomite; dolomite
mosaic between septa is composed of interlocking larger anhedral grains, generally
elongated parallel to septa.
A. Lone Mountain Dolomite (Silurian), 3000 m below surface, near Eureka, Nevada. Diam.
2.5 mm. Mosaic of dolomite anhedra, not visibly different from some recrystallized calcite
mosaics.
B. Glauconitic Bonneterre Dolomite (Cambrian), near St. Louis, Missouri. Diam. 2.5 mm.
Inequigranular dolomite mosaic, with patches of microcrystalline glauconite between
dolomite grains. Local ferric oxide (black), Compare pellet form of glauconite (stippled) in
C. Relict ovoid in large dolomite grain at right may be organic. The rock contains some
detrital quartz grains (not shown in this field) and is perhaps a dolomitized glauconitic
calcarenite.
C. Sandy glauconitic dolomite (Cambrian, Sawatch Formation), Ute Pass, El l'aso County,
Colorado. Subrounded quartz grains and glauconite pellets Healing in a dolomite mosaic;
probably a dolomitized calcarenite. Compare the non-porous mosaic of anhedral dolomite
grains at the bottom with porous aggregate of dolomite rhombs in upper part of figure.
Local ferric oxide stain (black).