PENDAHULUAN
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1. Hipotesis nol, disimbolkan dengan H0, adalah hipotesis statistik yang menyatakan
bahwa tidak ada perbedaan antara suatu parameter dengan suatu nilai tertentu, atau
bahwa tidak ada perbedaan antara dua parameter.
2. Hipotesis alternatif, disimbolkan dengan H1, adalah hipotesis statistik yang
menyatakan bahwa ada perbedaan antara suatu parameter dengan suatu nilai
tertentu, atau bahwa ada perbedaan antara dua parameter.
Pembagian berbagai macam jenis uji hipotesis dijelaskan pada diagram 2.1.
Dengan Interaksi
ANOVA (Lebih
dari 2 faktor)
Dua Arah (Two
Way Anova)
Tanpa Interaksi
Dependent
(Paired sample t-
test)
Varians Sama
Statistik
Variansi Diketahui
Parametrik
Uji Hipotesis
Varians Sama
Variansi Tidak
Diketahui
Wilcoson signed rank
Varians Tidak Sama
test (Membandingkan 2
sampel berpasangan)
Mann-Whitney U Test
(Membandingkan 2
sampel independen)
Friedman Test
(Membandingkan 3
sampel berpasangan
Statistik Non atau lebih)
Param etrik
Kruskal Walis
(Membandingkan 3
atau lebih sampel
independen)
Spearman rank-order
correlation
(Membandingkan 2
variabel rank ordered)
Biserial Correlation
(Membandingkan 2
variabel ketika 1
variabel merupakan
dikotomi kontinyu)
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Tabel 2.1 Metode Pengujian Statistik Parametrik dengan Pengujian Non Parametrik
Tipe Analisis Uji Nonparametrik Setara dengan Uji Parametrik
Membandingkan dua sampel berpasangan Wilcoxon signed ranks test t-test dependen sampel
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Tabel 2.2, 2.3, dan 2.4 menjelaskan pembagian jenis statistik parametrik :
Tabel 2.2 Statistik Parametrik one sample t-test
Ukuran Rumusan
Jenis Rumus Kriteria Pengujian
Sampel Hipotesis
x
One Sample T-Test Sampel kecil Ho : ukuran t= s Keterangan : Ho ditolak jika :
n
Uji satu sampel (One (n < 30) statistik = nilai Thitung < -t /2; v
x = rata-rata sampel
Sample T-Test) tertentu atau Thitung > t /2 ;
adalah pengujian satu H1 : ukuran = rata-rata yang diuji v
parameter dengan statistik nilai
s = standar deviasi populas
menggunakan sampel tertentu Ho diterima jika : - t
tunggal n = jumlah sampel /2 ; v Thitung t
/2 ; v
*n < 30 (variansi tidak
diketahui)
x
Sampel besar Ho : ukuran z= Ho ditolak jika
n
(n > 30) statistik = nilai Zhitung < -z /2
Keterangan :
tertentu atau Zhitung > Z
x = rata-rata sampel
H1 : ukuran /2
statistik nilai = rata-rata yang diuji Ho diterima jika :
tertentu - z /2 Zhitung
= standar deviasi populasi
z /2
n = jumlah sampel
*n 30 (variansi diketahui)
Sumber: Bluman (2012)
Tabel 2.3 Statistik Parametrik Independent t-test
Jenis
Jenis Rumusan Hipotesis Rumus Kriteria Pengujian
Variansi
Independent Sample Variansi Ho : ukuran statistik (x1 x2 ) (1 2 ) Ho ditolak jika
Z=
T-Test diketahui dan = nilai tertentu 1 1 Zhitung < -z /2 atau
+
n1 n2
Independent Sample sama H1 : ukuran statistik Zhitung > Z /2
nilai tertentu Keterangan :
T-Test adalah uji Ho diterima jika : -
x = rata-rata sampel
z /2
= rata-rata yang diuji
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Tabel 2.3 Statistik Parametrik Independent t-test (Lanjutan)
Jenis Rumusan
Jenis Rumus Kriteria Pengujian
Variansi Hipotesis
komparatif atau uji beda untuk = standar deviasi populasi
mengetahui adakah perbedaan n = jumlah sampel
mean atau rata-rata ketika 2 (variansi diketahui dan
sampel adalah independen dan sama)
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Tabel 2.4 Statistik Parametrik Paired sample t-test
Jenis Rumusan Hipotesis Rumus Kriteria Pengujian
2
Paired sample t-test Ho : ukuran statistik = nilai n 1j=1 dj 2 [nj=1 dj ] Ho ditolak jika : Thitung < -
Sd 2 =
Paired sample t-test digunakan tertentu n(n 1) t /2; v atau Thitung > t /2
untuk menguji rata-rata sampel H1 : ukuran statistik nilai d0
d ;v
t= Sd df = n 1
dengan membandingkan dua tertentu n
n = jumlah sampel
2.3 ANOVA
ANOVA merupakan suatu prosedur yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis nol
tentang 3 atau lebih rata-rata populasi yang sama. (Mann, 2010:544) Uji ANOVA
diterapkan dengan memperhitungkan dua estimasi variansi suatu distribusi populasi
antara lain variansi antar sampel dan variansi dalam sampel. ANOVA (Analysis Of
Variance) dibagi menjadi dua jenis: one-way dan two way. One-way hanya menggunakan
satu variabel faktor dan variabel independen. Two-way ANOVA menggunakan dua faktor
untuk eksperimen.
2.3.1 Langkah-langkah Pengujian Two Way ANOVA
Berikut adalah langkah pengujian ANOVA:
Tabel 2.4 Langkah Pengujian ANOVA
No. Langkah Pengujian Rumus
H0 : A = B = C = i
1. Menentukan formulasi hipotesis
H1 : paling tidak satu factor i memberikan pengaruh
2. Menentukan taraf signifikansi % F (v1;v2)
3. Menentukan kriteria pengujian H0 ditolak jika Fhitung > F[ (v1;v2)]
4. Melakukan Uji Statistik
5. Analisis dan kesimpulan
Berikut ini merupakan format analisa data two way ANOVA.
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Tabel 2.5 Format Analisis Data Two Way ANOVA
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III. METODOLOGI PRAKTIKUM
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3.2. Alat dan Bahan Praktikum
Berikut ini adalah alat dan bahan yang digunakan dalam praktikum ANOVA:
1. Oven
2. Mixer
3. Cetakan
4. Loyang
5. Pengaduk dan wadah
6. Vernier Caliper
7. Lembar Pengamatan
8. Tepung (Protein rendah, sedang, dan tinggi)
9. Bahan pengembang (SP dan BP)
10. Timbangan
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5. Membuat kesimpulan dan saran
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Tabel 4.3 Pengumpulan Data ANOVA
Faktor : Jenis Tepung
BP
SP
V.SOAL
1. Apakah ada perbedaan antara rata-rata penyelesaian kasus ujian antara mahasiswa
yang berusia 30 tahun dengan yang berusia > 30 tahun dengan menggunakan
nilai =5%?
Sampel Usia30 tahun Usia>30 tahun
1 72 80
2 74 76
3 67 73
4 72 76
5 68 75
6 72 80
7 68 71
8 70 76
9 81 85
10 74 78
Jawab:
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2. PT. Bersih Jaya merupakan perusahaan penghasil sabun cuci terkenal. Perusahaan
tersebut mengadakan penelitian pada awal bulan setelah meluncurkan produk baru.
Setelah mengadakan peluncuran produk ke pasaran, perusahaan melakukan
pengamatan terhadap 20 toko yang menjadi distributor resminya sebagai sampel.
Dari 20 toko tersebut, akan diuji apakah ada perbedaan rata-rata penjualan sabun
cuci antara sebelum dan sesudah diluncurkan produk baru. Ujilah data dengan
menggunakan nilai =5%. Datanya sebagai berikut:
Toko Produk Lama Produk Baru
1 12 13
2 14 13
3 13 14
4 9 14
5 10 12
6 14 13
7 15 12
8 12 16
9 13 15
10 11 13
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