RINGKASAN KIMIA SMA

Δ = = − = ℎ = Nomor massa = jumlah proton + jumlah neutron

1 1 Konfigurasi elektron:
= −2,18 10 − 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p
Muatan Formal: MF = EV -1/2EI –EN
1 1 1
= −1,10 10 − Paling polar Paling kurang polar
H-F H-Cl H-Br H-I
2,1 4,0 3,0 2,8 2,5
Konsep Mol:
Gaya VDW: 1. gaya London o 23
STP (O C, 1 atm), 1 mol = 22,4 L = 6,022 x 10 partikel/mol
(dispersi), non-polar, CH4 < 2. gaya Gas Ideal: pV = nRT -> pV = (m/Ar)RT -> p = MRT ->  = MRT
dipol-dipol, polar, aseton < 3. Gas VDW:
ikatan Hidrogen, H terikat FON, H2O + ( − )=
Struktur Lewis H2SO4
Jari atom bertambah Jari atom berkurang
Orbital hibrida Orientasi Contoh Sudut
Pot. Ionisasi berkurang Pot. Ionisasi bertambah
o
Elektronegativitas berkurang Elektronegativitas bertambah sp Linear BeCl2 180
2 o
Afin. Elektron berkurang Afin. Elektron bertambah sp Trigonal datar BF3 120
3 o
sp Tetrahedral CH4 109,5
2 2- o
C = c.Dt m. c. Dt dsp Segi 4 datar [Ni(CN)4] 90
q = −DH = − 3 o o
q = m. c.Dt = C.Dt sp d Bipiramidal trigonal PCl5 120 ,90
o 3 2 o
C = Kapasitas kalor (J/ C) DG = DH − TDS sp d Oktahedral SF6 90
o 2 3 2+ o
c = Kalor jenis (J/g C) DH = DT d sp Oktahedral [Co(NH3)6] 90

Sel Volta/Galvani Sel Elektrolisis

DH = S Energi putus ikatan − S Energi bentuk ikatan Energi kimia  Energi listrik
DH = SD − SD KRAO KRAO
−Δ 1 KAPAN KNAP
ln = +
Na Ba Zn Fe Sn Cu Ag Hg Pt Au
ln = − ; = ( ) - - - - - 0,341 0,799 0,851 1,18 1,498
2,71 1,57 0.76 0,45 0.137
= −
Pergeseran kesetimbangan: Δ = −
1. Konsentrasi ditambah mengurangi konsentrasi Δ = Δ + ln
2. Tekanan naik = volume turun = tambah konsentrasi  Δ = − ln
[ ]
mengurangi tekanan  geser ke koefisien kecil = − ln
3. Suhu naik  sistem menyerap kalor (endoterm), DH > 0 [ ]
, [ ] o
4. Suhu turun  sistem menghasilkan kalor (eksoterm), DH < 0 = − log [ ] , pada 25 C
5. Katalisator: mempercepat terjadinya kesetimbangan, tidak . . .
mengubah letak kesetimbangan = = = . ; =
96500 96500
2 2
Waktu paruh : R = 8,314 J/K.mol 1 Pa = 1 N/m = 1 kg/m.s
7
, R = 8,314 x 10 erg/K.mol 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr
/ = = ; = . (1/2) /
R = 1,987 cal/K.mol = 101325 Pa = 1,01325 bar
Reaksi orde 1: 5
R = 0,082054 L.atm/K.mol 1 bar = 10 Pa
[ ] -23
KB = 1,38066 x 10 J/K
3
1 L = 1 dm = 1000 cm
3
= − = [ ] -34 3
h = 6,62608 x 10 J.s 1 L = 1/1000 m
[ ] = [ ] -31
me = 9,10939 x 10 kg 1 eV = 1,602178 x 10 J
-19

Reaksi orde 2: mp = 1,67262171 x 10 kg

-27
1 cal = 4,418 J
-27
mn = 1,67492728 x 10 kg 1 inch = 0,0254 m
[ ] -9
e = 1,602177 x 10 C
o -10
1 A = 1 x 10 m
= − = [ ]
F = 96485,3 C/mol = 96500 C/mol 1 m = 0,1 deci = 0,01 centi
1 1 -3 -6
= − + c = 299.792.458 m/s = 10 mili = 10 micro
[ ] [ ] 1 H = 27,2113845 eV
-9
= 10 nano = 10 A
-10 o
-27 -12 -15
1 a.m.u = 1,66053886 x 10 kg = 10 pico = 10 femto
∆ ∆ -18
= (2) ; = (1/2) ; = 1 g = 9,80665 m/s2 = 10 atto

[ ] = . = . Ksp:
= . ; = . [ ] = . = . n = 2; =[ ][ ] =
[ . ℎ] n = 3; =[ ][2 ] = 4
Pencampuran sejenis: = [ ] = . n = 4; =[ ][3 ] = 27
[ . ]
∆ = . ; = − ∆ [ . ℎ]
[ ] = .
∆ = . ; ∆ = . [ . ]

IA IIA IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB VIIIB VIIIB IB IIB IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Uut Fl Uup Lv Uus Uuo
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
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