RUMUS BESAR SAMPEL DARI LEMESHOW

Proporsi Means Incidence

Prevalence N = Z 2 P (1-P)
d2

Z ini adalah Z 1-α/2

2 Dari paper Naing, L et al
NZ pq
n Z 1- α/2 = 1.96 (pd α = 0.05)
Nd 2  Z 2 pq P = proporsi populasi / proporsi yg sebenarnya
d = presisi

One Prevalence N = Z 21-α/2 P (1-P) N = Z 21-α/2 δ 2 n = [Z1-α/2 / ε]2

populasi d2 d2
ε = jarak
ini sama dgn rumus dari Naing, L et al δ = varians yg tdk diketahui

N = Z 21-α/2 P (1-P) N
d2 (N-1)+Z 21-α/2 P (1-P)

One tail (sdh ada N = {Z1-α√Po(1-Po) + Z1-β√Pa(1-Pa)}² N = δ2 [Z1-α + Z1-β] 2

hipotesa) (Pa – Po) 2 [μo – μa ]2

Po = proporsi yg didapat dr literatur / penelitian sebelumnya δ2 = parameter populasi yg tdk

Pa = proporsi yg akan ditemukan diketahui. Bisa didapat dr
Z1-α = pd ……. PR ya penelitian sebelumnya
Z1-β = pd ……. PR μo =
μa = rata-rata populasi yg
sebenarnya
 Two tail N = {Z1-α/2√Po(1-Po) + Z1-β√Pa(1-Pa)}² N = δ2 [Z1-α/2 + Z1-β] 2 n = (Z1-α/2 λo + Z1-β λa)2
(Pa – Po) 2 [μo – μa ]2 [λo – λa ]2

λo = proporsi populasi
λa = proporsi sampel
Two Perbedaan dua N = Z 2 1-α/2[P1(1-P1) + P2(1-P2)] N = Z 21-α/2 [2δ 2 ] n = {Z1-α/2√{2λ¯2} + Z1-β √[λ12 + λ22]}2
populasi proporsi (tanpa d2 d2 [λ1 – λ2]2
hipotesa)
λ1 =
λ2 =
One tail (sdh ada N = {Z1-α√2 [P¯ (1-P¯)] + Z1-β√P1(1-P1) + P2(1-P2)]}² N = 2δ2 [Z1-α + Z1-β] 2
hipotesa) (P1 – P2) 2 [μ1 – μ2 ]2

p^ = p¯ = (p1 + p2) μ1 – μ2 = δ = perbedaan

2 sebenarnya antara kedua rata-
p^ kalo tdk tahu, dpt diduga sbg nilai rata-rata dr kedua proporsi rata populasi
sampel dr penelitian pendahuluan
P1 = proporsi pd kelompok 1 (misal exposed)
P2 = proporsi pd kelompok 2 (misal non exposed)

Two tail n = {Z1-α/2√[2P¯ (1-P¯)] + Z1-β√[P1(1-P1) + P2(1-P2)]}² N = 2δ2 Z1-α/2 + Z1-β] 2

(P1 – P2) 2 [μ1 – μ2 ]2

Memperhitungkan n = {Z1-α/2√[2f(λ¯)} + Z1-β √[f(λ1) + f(λ2)]}2

sensor [λ1 – λ2]2

Study Cohort
desain
Case control n = {Z1-α/2√[2P2 * (1-P2 *)] + Z1-β√[P1*(1-P1 *) + P2*(1-P2*)]}²
(P1* – P2*) 2

P1* = probabilitas yg sakit dan terexposed

P2* = probabilitas yg tidak sakit dan terexposed (prevalence dr
exposed di populasi ex. Prevalence dr merokok berapa). Populasinya
dicari yg paling dekat dgn populasi yg kita teliti
P1* = (OR) P2*
 (OR) P2* + (1 – P2*)
Cohort n = {Z1-α/2√[2P (1-P)] + Z1-β√[P1(1-P1) + P2(1-P2)]}²
(P1 – P2) 2

P = rata-rata P1 dan P2 ((P1 + P2) / 2)

P1 = probabilitas dr yg terexposed dan menjadi sakit
P2 = probabilitas dr yg tidak terexposed dan menjadi sakit (prevalence
dr penyakit di populasi )
P1 = (RR) P2

RUMUS BESAR SAMPEL KELSEY

PERBEDAAN RATA-RATA

n = [Zα/2 + Zβ] 2 σ2 (r + 1)
[d*]2 r

PERBEDAAN PROPORSI

n = [Zα/2 + Zβ] 2 p¯ ( 1 - p¯) (r + 1)

[d*]2 r

MENGHITUNG POWER STUDY

Zβ untuk perbedaan rata-rata : d* √ n r - Zα/2

σ r+1
 1/ 2
 n( d *) 2 r 
Zβ untuk perbedaan proporsi :    
 Z / 2
 ( r  1) p (1  p ) 

Nilai p1 dari p0 dan spesifik OR : p1 = p0 OR

1 + p0 (OR - 1)

Nilai p1 dari p0 dan spesifik RR : p1 = p0 RR

d* : non-null value of the difference in proportions or means (i.e., the magnitude of difference one wishes to detect)

n : in a cohort study or cross-sectional study, the number of exposed individuals studied; in case control study, the number of cases

r : in a cohort or cross sectional study, the ratio of the number of unexposed individuals studied to the number of exposed individuals studied; in case
control study, the ratio of number of controls studied to the number of cases studied

σ : standard deviation in the population for a continuously distributed variabel

p1 : in a cohort study (or a cross sectional study), the proportion of exposed individuals who develop (or have) the disease; in a case control study, the
proportion of cases who are exposed

p0 : in a cohort study (or a cross sectional study), the proportion of unexposed individuals who develop (or have) the disease; in a case control study, the
proportion of controls who are exposed

p¯ : weighted average of p1 and p0 = p1 + r p0

1+r