Laporan Botani

LAPORAN TETAP
PRAKTIKUM BOTANI UMUM
Oleh:
Nama : Addina Fitrianti
NIM : 05091181823013
JURUSAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN
UNIVERSITAS SRIWIJAYA
INDRALAYA
2018
1
DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP
Nama : Addina Fitrianti
NIM : 05091181823013
Jurusan : Budidaya Pertanian
Agama : Islam
Asal Sekolah : SMAN 1 Kayuagung
No. HP : 089655052947
Alamat : Jl. Simpang Kijang no.

028 RT 2 Desa Celikah
Kec. Kota Kayuagung
Kab. OKI
Motto : Try my best and positive

thingking
Nama Orang Tua
Bapak : Akhmad Zaini, SP
Ibu : Siti Ainah
Alamat Orang Tua : Jl. Simpang Kijang no.

028 RT 2 Desa Celikah
Kec. Kota Kayuagung
Kab. OKI
Universitas Sriwijaya
1
DAFTAR NAMA ASISTEN
No Nama NIM Tanda Tangan
1 Risna Rusdan 05091281621037
2 Atika Junie Astuti 05091281621036
3 Novita Sari 05091281722026
Indralaya, 2018
Koordinator Asisten Botani
Risna Rusdan
05091281621037
DAFTAR ISI
DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP.................................................................................. 2

DAFTAR NAMA ASISTEN....................................................................................3
DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................4
I. Macam-macam Bentuk Sel dan Bagian-bagian yang Hidup................................5
II. Benda-benda Mati Dalam Sel........................................................................... 10
III. Dinding Sel dan Hubungan Antar Sel-sel Tumbuh tumbuhan.........................15
IV. Struktur dan Fungsi Jaringan........................................................................... 16
VI. Pemisahan Pigmen Daun................................................................................. 20
VII. Reproduksi Vegetatif...................................................................................... 30
VIII. Reproduksi Generatif.................................................................................... 39
IX. Morfologi daun................................................................................................53
X. Akar, Batang Dan Modifikasinya......................................................................62
XI. Struktur, Bagian dan Susunan Bunga..............................................................69
XII. Klasifikasi , Morfologi dan Anatomi Buah....................................................79
XIII. Determinasi dan Membuat Herbarium..........................................................85
I. Macam-macam Bentuk Sel dan Bagian-bagian yang Hidup
Hasil Pengamatan
Gambar Keterangan
LAPORAN TETAP
Nama : Addina Fitrianti Tanggal : 5 September 2018

NIM : 05091181823013 Asisten : 1. Risna Rusdan
Kelas : Agronomi Indralaya 2. Atika Junie Astuti
Judul : Macam – macam bentuk sel 3. Novita Sari
dan bagian – bagian yang hidup
A. TUJUAN
1. Melihat macam – macam bentuk sel tumbuhan
2. Melihat bagian – bagian yang hidup di dalam sel
3. Melatih menggunakan mikroskop
4. Melihat beberapa bentuk sel
B. HASIL
Gambar Keteragan
1. Hydrilla Bagian – bagian sel :

1. Dinding sel
2. Sitoplasma
3. Inti sel
Klasifikasi :
Kingdom : Plantae
Divisi : Magnoliophyta
Kelas : Liliopsida
Ordo : Hydrocharitales
Famili : Hydrocharitaceae
Genus : Hydrilla
Spesies : Hydrilla verbicillata
2. Wortel Bagian – bagian sel :
1. Dinding sel
2. Sitoplasma
3. Inti sel
Klasifikasi :
Kingdom : Plantae
Kelas : Magnoliopsida
Ordo : Apiales
Famili : Apiaceae
Genus : Daucus
Spesies : Daucus carota
3. Ganggang Bagian – bagian sel :
1. Dinding sel
2. Sitoplasma
3. Inti sel
Klasifikasi :
Kingdom : Plantae
Divisi : Chlorophyta
Kelas : Chloropyceae
Ordo : Zygnematales
Famili : Zynemataceae
Genus : Spirogyra
Spesies : Spirogyra sp
4. Allamanda Bagian – bagian sel :

1. Dinding sel
2. Sitoplasma
3. Inti sel
Klasifikasi :
Kingdom : Plantae
Divisi : Magnoliopsida
Ordo : Gentianales
Famili : Apocynaceae
Genus : Allamanda
Spesies : Allamanda cathartica
5. Empulur ketela pohon Bagian – bagian sel :

1. Dinding sel
2. Sitoplasma
3. Inti sel
Klasifikasi :
Kingdom : Plantae
Ordo : Euphorbiales
Famili : Euphorbigceae
Genus : Manihot
Spesies : Manihot escalenta
6. Umbi Bawang merah Bagian – bagian sel :
4. Dinding sel
5. Sitoplasma
6. Inti sel
Klasifikasi :
Kingdom : Plantae
Kelas : Liliopsida
Ordo : Liliales
Famili : Liliaceae
Genus : Allium
Spesies : Allium cepa
C. PEMBAHASAN
Sel adalah satuan unit terkecil dari kehidupan. Setiap makhluk hidup tersusun
atas banyak sel (multiseluler), namun ada juga yang hanya tersusun atas satu sel
(uniseluler). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di atas tumbuhan
merupakan multiseluler atau tersusun atas banyak sel.
Sel tumbuhan juga merupakan sel eukaryotik atau memiliki inti sel.
Organisme eukariotik memiliki inti sejati yang dibatasi membran (membran
inti). Eu berarti sejati dan karyon berarti inti. Ukuran selnya relatif besar (10-100
μm) dan memiliki organel yang dibatasi membran seperti RE, badan golgi,
mitokondria, dan ribosom.
Sel tumbuhan terdiri atas 2 bagian utama, yaitu dinding sel dan protoplasma.
Dinding sel dibagi menjadi tiga bagian, yaitu dinding primer, dinding sekunder dan
lamela tengah.
protoplasma terdiri dari protoplasma dan non protoplasma. Protoplasma mencakup
sitoplasma (cairan sel), Inti sel (nukleus), dan organel-organel.
Bagian protoplasma yang termasuk ke dalam kategori non protoplasma adalah
vakuola dan zat ergastik. ( Reece, Campbell. 2002 )
Berikut penjelasan mengenai protoplasma :
1. Sitoplasma (Cairan Sel)
Sitoplasma atau cairan sel adalah matriks yang terdapat di dalam membran sel
selain inti sel (nukleus). Penyusun utama dari sitoplasma ada air yang berfungsi
sebagai pelarut dan tempat terjadinya reaksi kimia.
Beberapa Organel sel antara lain :
 Mitokondria, berfungsi menghasilkan energi.
 Lisosom, berfungsi melakukan pencernaan dalam sel.
 Ribosom, berfungsi sebagai tempat sintesis protein.
 Retikulum Endoplasma, berfungsi untuk Transportasi berbagai zat di dalam
sel.
 Badan golgi, berfungsi untuk sintesi protein dan berhubungan dengan kerja
ribosom dan retikulum endoplasma.
 Mikrotubulus, melindungi dan mejaga bentuk sel.
 Mikrofilamen, berperan dalam proses pergerakan sel.
 Kloroplas, berfungsi sebagai tempat berlangsungnya fotosintesis pada
tumbuhan.
 Sentrosom (Sentriol), sebagai tempat pembelahan sel.
2. Inti Sel (Nukleus)
Inti sel adalah bagian yang umumnya berbentuk bulat atau lonjong dan sering
terletak di tengah sel atau di tepi sel. Nukleus merupakan bagian terpenting dari
kehidupan sel. Nukleus memiliki fungsi utama sebagai pusat pengendali segala
aktivitas sel. Nukleus sel dilindungi oleh sebuah dinding yang menyerupai membran
sel. Struktur pelindung ini disebut membran inti.
Terdapat beberapa bagian nukleus, yaitu :
a. Nukleolus (Anak Inti)
Nukleolus merupakan struktur berbentuk bulat yang disusun oleh filamen dan
butiran-butiran komponen.
b. Nukleoplasma (Cairan Inti)
Nukleoplasma merupakan caira kental menyerupai jeli yang mengandung
protein, ion, enzim dan komponen lainnya.
c. Kromatin
Kromatin merupakan untaian benang-benang halus yang terdapat di dalam inti
sel. (AHA BlogWeb, 2016 )
Dari percobaan yang dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop, yang dapat dilihat
adalah dinding sel, inti sel dan juga sitoplasma. Sedangkan bagian dari sitoplasma
atau organel – organelnya tidak dapat dilihat dengan jelas.
Sel memiliki bentuk dan ukuran yang beranekaragam seperti bulat, oval,
lonjong, segilima, segienam, persegi banyak, pipih, dan juga memiliki bentuk tidak
beraturan. Umumnya, sel memiliki ukuran yang sangat kecil sekitar 5 mikron sampai
15 mikron. ( Elfianis, Rita, 2016 ).
D. KESIMPULAN
Dari percobaan yang dilakukan, dapat disimpilkan bahwa :
1. Sel tumbuhan merupakan sel eukaryotik atau sel yang mempunyai membran inti.
2. . Sel terbagi menjadi bagian sel yang hidup dan bagian yang mati, bagian sel
yang hidup terdiri dari sitpolasma beserta organel didalamnya dan juga inti sel.
3. Organel yang terdapat di dalam sitoplasma mempunyai fungsinya masing –
masing seperti yang sudah dijelaskan di pembahasan.
4. Mikroskop hanya dapat digunakan untuk melihat dinding sel, sitoplasma namun
tidak dengan organel di dalamnya dan juga inti sel.
5. Sel memiliki bentuk dan ukuran yang beranekaragam seperti bulat, oval, lonjong,
segilima, segienam, persegi banyak, pipih, dan juga memiliki bentuk tidak
beraturan.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Reece, Campbell. 2002. BIOLOGI. ( online ), https://www.biologi-

sel.com/2017/11/sel-tumbuhan.html, ( diakses pada tanggal 11 September 2018 pukul 10.52
WIB)
AHA BlogWeb , 2016, Biologi
( online),http://www.ilmudasar.com/2016/04/Pengertian-Fungsi-Struktur-Bagian-Bagian-Sel-
Adalah.html, diakses pada tanggal 11 September 2018 pukul 11.47 WIB )
Elfianis, Rita. 2016. Pengertian Sel dan Bentuk-Bentuk sel. ( online )

http://jokowarino.id/pengertian-sel-dan-bentuk-bentuk-sel/ ,( diakses pada tanggal 11
September 2018 pukul 15.26 WIB.
II. Benda-benda Mati Dalam Sel

Hasil Pengamatan
Gambar Keterangan
LAPORAN TETAP

Judul : Benda – benda mati dalam sel 3. Novita Sari
A. TUJUAN
1. Melatih memberikan khemikalia untuk melihat adanya amilum, aleuron, dan
kristal – kristal oxalat.
2. Melihat benda – benda mati di dalam sel tumbuhan
B. HASIL
Gambar Keterangan
1. Daun bunga pukul 4 Klasifikasi :

Kingdom : Plantae
Kelas : Magoliopsida
Ordo : Caryophillales
Famili : Nyctaginaceae
Genus : Mirabilis
Spesies : Mirabilis jalapa
2. Batang Bayam Klasifikasi :

Kingdom : Plantae
Ordo : Caryophillales
Famili : Amaranthaceae
Genus : Amaranthus
Spesies : AmaranthuWs sp
3. Tangkai daun begnia Klasifikasi :

Kingdom : Plantae
Ordo : Violales
Famili : Begoniaceae
Genus : Begonia
Spesies : Begnia sp
4. Umbi ketela rambat Klasifikasi :
Kingdom : Plantae
Ordo : Solonalales
Famili : Canvavulaceae
Genus : Ipomoea
Spesies : Ipomoea batats
5. Umbi singkong Klasifikasi :

Kingdom : Plantae
Ordo : Euphorbiales
Famili : Euphorbiaceae
Genus : Manihot
Spesies : Manihot esculenta
6. Umbi kentang Klasifikasi :

Kingdom : Plantae
Divisi : MagnoliWophyta
Ordo : Solanales
Famili : Solanuceae
Genus : Solanum
Spesies : Solanum tuberosum
7. Butir padi Klasifikasi :

Kingdom : Plantae
Kelas : Liliopsida
Ordo : Poales
Famili : Poaceae
Genus : Oryza
Spesies : Oryza sativa
8. Biji kacang merah Klasifikasi :
Kingdom : Plantae
Ordo : Fabales
Famili : Fabaceae
Genus : Phaseolus
Spesies : Phaseolus vulgaris
9. Biji jagung Klasifikasi :

Kingdom : Plantae
Kelas : Liliopsida
Ordo : Poales
Famili : Poaceae
Genus : Zea
Spesies : Zea mays
C. PEMBAHASAN
Sel merupakan unit terkecil penyusun makhluk hidup. Bentuk – bentuk sel
tumbuhan beraneka ragam seperti kubus, bulat, segienam/hexagonal, persegi panjang,
tidak beraturan dan lain sebagainya. Sel memiliki bagian yang hidup dan tidak hidup.
Beberapa bagian sel yang hidup diantaranya nukleus (inti sel), sitoplasma (cairan sel),
plastida (zat warna/pigmen dalam sel), dan mitokondria. Sedangkan bagian yang tidak
hidup misalnya dinding sel dan benda-benda ergastik dalam sel. Sel hidup adalah sel
yang masih memiliki peranan penting dalam metabolisme kehidupan dari mkhluk
hidu, hal itu di tandai dengan adanya bagian-bagian protoplas dalam sel atau dengan
adanya hasil metabolisme yang berupa bahan ergastik. Sedangkan sel mati adalah sel
yang sudah tidak memiliki peranan dalam proses kelangsungan kehidupan dan hanya
berupa dinding sel. Benda ergastik adalah bahan non protoplasma, baik organik
maupun anorganik, sebagai hasil metabolisme yang berfungsi untuk pertahanan,
pemeliharaan struktur sel, dan juga sebagai penyimpanan cadangan makanan, terletak
di baigan sitoplasama, dinding sel, maupun di vakuola. Pada sel mati tidak dijumpai
adanya organel-organel, di dalam sel hanya berupa ruangan kosong saja. Sel mati
sendiri asalnya dari sel hidup. Sel menjadi mati disebabkan karena berbagai faktor,
misalnya faktor genetik maupun faktor lingkungan. ( Venora Elisa, 2013 )
 Beberapa benda ergastik yang bersifat padat antara lain:
1. Amilum : terdapat dalam plastida yang berupa karbohidrat atau polisakarida bentuk
tepung. Plastida penghasil amilum disebut juga amiloplast. Berdasarkan letak hilus
(titik awal pembentukan amilum), butir amilum dibagi menjadi 2 : Amilum konsentris
(hilus berada ditengah) dan Amilum eksentris (hilus berada di tepi).
2. Aleuron : merupakan butir-butir protein dalam sitoplasma yang dipakai sebagai
cadangan makanan. Aleuron disebut juga kristaloid putih telur.
3. Kristal Ca Oksalat : merupakan hasil akhir atau hasil sekresi dari suatu pertukaran zat
yang terjadi dalam sitoplasma. Berbagai bentuk kristal Ca Oksalat diantaranya: kristal
pasir, kristal tunggal besar, rafida/jarum, kristal majemuk. (Aulya Rohmana, 2015 )
 Titik permulaan dibentuknya amilum disebut titik initial atau hilus atau hilum.
Melihat letaknya titik initial dapat dibedakan:
1. Butir tepung yang konsentris, yaitu jika hilus di tengah- tengah dan butir tepung
berbentuk bulat. Misalnya pada ketela rambat ( Ipomea batatas ).
2. Butir tepung yang eksentris, jika butir tepung berbentuk jorong atau bulat telur dan
hilus tidak ditengah- tengah . Misal pada kentang ( Solanum tuberosum )
 Kita dapat membedakan butir- butir tepung dalam:
1. Butir tepung tunggal ( monadelph ), yang berupa satu butir dengan satu hilus, seperti
pada Ipomea, Canna dan sebagainya.
2. Butir tepung setengah majemuk, yaitu mula- mula ada lamella- lamella sendiri, tetapi
akhirnya terdapat lamella- lamella yang melindungi seluruhnya. Contoh pada
Solanum tuberosum.
3. Butir tepung majemuk ( poliadelph), yang terdiri dari beberapa bagian dengan
hilusnya masing- masing, dengan tidak ada satu lamella yang menyelubungi seluruh
butir. Terdapat pada bangsa gandum, misal padi ( Oriza sativa ).
Butir- butir tepung terdiri dari amilopektin ( yang menyususn bagian tepinya
butir) dan amilose ( bagaian tegahnya). Keduanya mempunyai rumus umum (C6H1205)n.
Butir tepung akan memberikan warna biru yang lama- lama menjadi hitam. ( Wawan
Listyawan, 2016 )
 Beberapa tumbuhan yang digunakan untuk pengamatan diantaranya:
1. Biji Oryza sativa (padi) : memiliki amilum berbentuk amilum konsentris
2. Umbi Solanum sp (kentang) : memiliki amilum berbentuk amilum eksentris
3. Umbi Ipomoea batatas (ketela) : memiliki amilum berbentuk amilum konsentris
4. Umbi Manihot utilisima (singkong) : memiliki amilum berbentuk amilum konsentris
5. Batang Mirabilis jalapa (bunga pukul empat) : memiliki kristal Ca Oksalat berbentuk
jarum, pasir dan ada yang kristal tunggal besar
6. Batang Amaranthus sp (bayam) : memiliki kristal ca oksalat berbentuk jarum, pasir
7. Batang Begonia sp : memiliki kristal ca oksalat berbentuk pasir, dan ada yang bintang
kristal tunggal besar (aulya rohmana, 2015 )
D. KESIMPULAN
1. Sel memiliki bagian yang hidup dan tidak hidup. Sel hidup adalah sel yang masih
memiliki peranan penting dalam metabolisme kehidupan dari mkhluk hidu, hal
itu di tandai dengan adanya bagian-bagian protoplas dalam sel atau dengan
adanya hasil metabolisme yang berupa bahan ergastik. Sedangkan sel mati adalah
sel yang sudah tidak memiliki peranan dalam proses kelangsungan kehidupan
dan hanya berupa dinding sel.
2. Benda ergastik adalah bahan non protoplasma, baik organik maupun anorganik,
sebagai hasil metabolisme yang berfungsi untuk pertahanan, pemeliharaan
struktur sel, dan juga sebagai penyimpanan cadangan makanan, terletak di baigan
sitoplasama, dinding sel, maupun di vakuola.
3. Pada sel mati tidak dijumpai adanya organel-organel, di dalam sel hanya berupa
ruangan kosong saja.
4. Beberapa bahan ergastik bersifat padat antara lain adalah amilum, aleuron dan
kristal kalsium oksalat.
5. Sel menjadi mati disebabkan karena berbagai faktor, misalnya faktor genetik
maupun faktor lingkungan.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Elisa, Venora. 2013. Benda Mati dalam Sel. ( Online ) diakses pada Senin, 17
September 2018 https://www.google.co.id/search?
safe=strict&source=hp&ei=Iq2fW9GHLdioyAO07Iz4Aw&ins=&q=benda+mati+dalam+sel
Rohmana, Aulya. 2015. Benda Mati dalam Sel. ( Online ) diakses pada Senin 17
Listyawan, Wawan. 2016. Anatomi Tumbuhan. ( Online ) diakses pada Senin 17
III. Dinding Sel dan Hubungan Antar Sel-sel Tumbuh
tumbuhan
Hasil Pengamatan
Gambar Keterangan
LAPORAN TETAP

Judul : Dinding sel dan hubungan antar 3. Novita sari
sel tumbuhan
A. TUJUAN
1. Melihat penebalan-penebalan pada dinding sel. Menunjukkan lignin
2. Melihat hubungan antar sel-sel ( noktah-noktah dan plasmodesmata )
B. HASIL
Gambar Keterangan
1. Daun karet kerbau Bagian – bagian Sel:

1. Dinding Sel
2. Sitoplasma
3. Nukleus
Klasifikasi :
Kingdom : Plantae
Kela : Magnoliopsida
Ordo : Urticales
Famili : Moraceae
Genus : Ficus
Spesies : Ficus elastica
2. Ranting pinus Bagian – bagian Sel:
1. Dinding Sel
2. Sitoplasma
3. Nukleus
Klasifikasi :
Kingdom : Plantae
Divisi : Coniferophyta
Kela : Pinopsida
Ordo : Pinales
Famili : Pinaceae
Genus : Pinus
Spesies : Pinus merkusi
3. Biji Asam Bagian – bagian Sel:
1. Dinding Sel
2. Sitoplasma
3. Nukleus
Klasifikasi :
Kingdom : Plantae
Divisi : Tracheophyta
Kela : Magnoliopsida
Ordo : Fabales
Famili : Fabaceae
Genus : Tamarindus L
Spesies : Tamarindus indica
4. Endocarpium buah kelapa Bagian – bagian Sel:
1. Dinding Sel
2. Sitoplasma
3. Nukleus
Klasifikasi :
Kingdom : Plantae
Kela : Liliopsida
Ordo : Arecales
Famili : Arecaceae
Genus : Cocos
Spesies : Cocos nucifera
C. PEMBAHASAN
Pengertian Dinding Sel Tumbuhan

Dinding sel tumbuhan adalah matriks ekstraseluler yang memiliki susunan
kompleks yang membungkus setiap sel tumbuhan baik itu sel hidup maupun sel mati.
Robert Hook (1663), mengamati sel pada lapisan gabus batang tumbuhan
menggunakan mikroskop sederhana. Sel yang diamati saat itu seperti yang kita
ketahui sekarang adalah sel tumbuhan yang telah mati sehingga yang teramati adalah
ruang kosong yang dibatasi lapisan tebal, yang kemudian dianamakan cella (latin)
atau kytos (yunani) yang berarti ruangan kosong.
(Dinding Sel) Pada sel tumbuhan yang masih muda khususnya meristem
memiliki dinding sel yang tipis atau sering disebut dinding sel primer. Tingkat
ketebalan dan komposisi unsur dalam dinding sel tumbuhan juga tergantung pada
jenis sel yang dilindunginya.
Pembentukan dinding sel sekunder dapat terjadi melalui dua cara yaitu:
1. Penebalan dinding primer sel tumbuhan
2. Terjadi penambahan pada lapisan dibawah dinding primer yang komposisi

unsurnya berbeda dengand inding primer.
Struktur Dinding Sel Tumbuhan
Dinding sel tumbuhan adalah bagian paling luar dari sel tumbuhan. Dinding
sel juga merupakan salah satu perbedaan antara sel tumbuhan dan sel hewan.
Pada dasarnya dinding sel tumbuhan tersusun atas serabut-serabut panjang dan
keras yang masing-masing terbenam dalam matriks protein dan polisakarida. Serabut-
serabut ini umumnya tersusun atas selulose (selulosa), dan matriksnya sebagian besar
tersusun atas hemiselulose (hemiselulosa) dan pektin.
 Molekul selulosa tersusun atas rangkaian linear ribuan unit glukose. Setiap rangakaian
linear yang berbentuk sebagai pita ini masing-masing dihubungkan oleh ikatan
hydrogen sehingga terbentuk agregat panjang yang tersusun dari 60-70 molekul
selulose membentuk mikrofibril. Mikrofibril ini dikelilingi oleh rantai selulose yang
padat tetapi memiliki jumlah lebih banyak.
 Hemiselulosa adalah kumpulan molekul yang terdiri atas campuran polisakarida yang
heterogen.
 Pektin adalah salah satu dari polisakharida pada matriks dinding sel tumbuhan.
Molekul glikoprotein dinding sel akan beranyaman dengan molekul-molekul pektin.
Dinding sel tumbuhan setelah mengalami pertumbuhan sekunder akan

membentuk tiga lapisan yaitu lamella tengah, dinding primer dan dindings ekunder.
 Lamela tengah adalah lapisan dinding sel yang memiliki fungsi sebagai “lem” atau
perekat untuk membentuk jaringan tumbuhan. Lamela tengah tersusun dari zat kitin.
Terjadi lignifikasi pada lamella tengah tumbuhan berkayu atau penambahan zat lignin
yang akan menguatkan atau membuat tumbuhan lebih kaku dan kokoh..
 Dinding primer, adalah bagian dinding sel yang dibentuk paling awal dan selama sel
tumbuhan dalam fase perkembangan. Lapisan dinding sel ini disusun oleh selulosa,
hemiselulosa, dan pektin. Pada dinding primer ini terkadang ditemukan lignin.
 Dinding sekunder adalah lapisan yang terletak dibagian dalam dari dinding sel primer
tumbuhan. Lapisan yang terbentuk setelah terjadi pertumbuhan ini mengandung zat
selulosa, lignin dan hemiselulosa dan tidak mengandung lignin.
Fungsi utama dari dinding sel tumbuhan adalah menyediakan perlindungan
bagis el di dalamnya.
Dinding sel juga berfungsi dalam mengikat serta menghubungkan antara tiap
sel sehingga membentuk jaringan dan tumbuhan yang utuh. Sekilas, dinding sel
tumbuhan merupakan ruang tertutup rapat atau penjara bagi sel tumbuhan di
dalamnya, akan tetapi, dinding sel menyediakan plasmodesmata.
Fungsi dari plasmodesmata pada dinding sel tumbuhan adalah sebagai

penyedia jalur komunikasi antara sel-se ltumbuhan yang bersangkutan.
Fungsi dinding sel tumbuhan akan mengalami perubahan sesuai dengan

pengkhususan atau spesialisasi (diferensiasi) sel tumbuhan tersebut sehingga fungsi
utama dinding sel yaitu sebagai perlindungan dan kemudahan komunikasi antar sel
tetap dapat disesuaikan. ( Tanri Alim. 2016 )
Di antara dinding sel yang mengalami penebalan, terdapat bagian-bagian

tertentu yang tidak ikut menebal yang disebut noktah.
Terjadinya Noktah :
Pada waktu sel masih hidup dan belum mengalami penebalan, dinding sel nya
masih tipis dan dapat ditembus oleh benang-benang plasma yang disebut
plasmodesmata. Selama proses penebalan dinding sel berlangsung, di tempat-tempat
plasmodesmata menerobos dinding sel masih terjadi aliran plasma, sehingga tempat-
tempat ini tidak mengalmi penebalan. Walaupun dinding sel semakin menebal
sehingga lubang noktah telah berubah menjadi saluran noktah, kadang-kadang dalam
saluran noktah masih terdapat benang-benang plasma.
Di dalam noktah kadang-kadang dijumpai plasmodesmata, yang berfungsi untuk

meneruskan rangsang dan makanan dari 1 sel ke sel yang lain. Pada waktu sel
mengalami penebalan maka bagian dindin gsel yang tertembus benang plasma tidak
ikut menebal. ( Mas Sugeng. 2015 )
Plasmodesmata sebagai penghubung protoplas antar sel tumbuhan
Plasmodesmata adalah suatu saluran terbuka pada dinding sel tumbuhan

melalui mana benang sitosol terhubung dari sel-sel tetangganya. Sitoplasma lewat
melintasi plasmodemata dan menghubungkankan dungan hidup sel yang
bersebelahan. Ini akan menyatukan sebagian besar bagian tumbuhan itu menjadi satu
rangkaian hidup. Membran plasma sel yang bersebelahan bersambungan melalui
plasmodesmata. Air dan zat terlarut yang berukuran kecil dapat lewat secara leluasa
dari sel ke sel. Cara transportasi tersebut dinamakan simplas. Dalam keadaan tertentu,
molekul protein khusus dan RNA dapat juga melakukan hal seperti itu. Fungsi dari
plasmodesmata pada dinding sel tumbuhan adalah sebagai penyedia jalur komunikasi
antara sel-se ltumbuhan yang bersangkutan. ( Salisbury FB, Rosa CW. 2015 )
D. KESIMPULAN
1. Dinding sel tumbuhan adalah matriks ekstraseluler yang memiliki susunan
kompleks yang membungkus setiap sel tumbuhan baik itu sel hidup maupun
sel mati.
2. Tingkat ketebalan dan komposisi unsur dalam dinding sel tumbuhan juga
tergantung pada jenis sel yang dilindunginya.
3. Pada dasarnya dinding sel tumbuhan tersusun atas serabut-serabut panjang dan
keras yang masing-masing terbenam dalam matriks protein dan polisakarida.
Serabut-serabut ini umumnya tersusun atas selulose (selulosa), dan matriksnya
sebagian besar tersusun atas hemiselulose (hemiselulosa) dan pektin.
4. Di antara dinding sel yang mengalami penebalan, terdapat bagian-bagian
tertentu yang tidak ikut menebal yang disebut noktah.
5. Pada waktu sel masih hidup dan belum mengalami penebalan, dinding sel nya
masih tipis dan dapat ditembus oleh benang-benang plasma yang disebut
plasmodesmata.
6. Fungsi dari plasmodesmata pada dinding sel tumbuhan adalah sebagai
penyedia jalur komunikasi antara sel-se ltumbuhan yang bersangkutan.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Alim, Tanri. 2016. Biologi Sel. ( Online )

https://artikelbermutu.com/2014/08/pengertian-penebalan-struktur-fungsi-dinding-sel-
tumbuhan.html (dikakses pada Senin, 24 September 2018 )
Sugeng, Mas. 2015. Pusat Biologi. ( Online )
http://www.pusatbiologi.com/2013/01/noktah-pada-tumbuhan.html (dikakses pada
Senin, 24 September 2018 )
Salisbury FB, Ross CW. 2015. FisiologiTumbuhan. ( Online )
https://www.biologi-sel.com/2017/11/sel-tumbuhan.html (dikakses pada Senin, 24
September 2018 )
IV. Struktur dan Fungsi Jaringan

Hasil Pengamatan
Gambar Keterangan
LAPORAN TETAP
Judul : Struktur dan Fungsi Jaringan Tumbuhan 3. Novita Sari
A. TUJUAN
Adapun tujuan pada praktikum kali ini adalah dengan mengamati secara
langsung di bawah mikroskop, mahasiswa akan dapat mempelajari struktur dan fungsi
dari beberapa macam jaringan.
B. HASIL
Gambar Keterangan
Klasifikasi
Kingdom : Plantae
Ordo : Lamiales
Famili : Lamiaceae
Genus : Coleus
Spesies : Coleus sp
Klasifikasi
Kingdom : Plantae
Kelas : Liliopsida
Ordo : Poaales
Famili : Poaceae
Genus : Zea
Spesies : Zea mays
Klasifikasi
Kingdom : Plantae
Ordo : Violales
Famili : Cucurbitaceae
Genus : Secium
Spesies : Secium edule
Klasifikasi
Kingdom : Plantae
Ordo : Malvales
Famili : Malvaceae
Genus : Hibiscus
Spesies : Hibiscus teleceus
Klasifikasi
Kingdom : Plantae
Ordo : Malvales
Famili : Malvaceae
Genus : Durio
Spesies : Durio zibetinus
Klasifikasi
Kingdom : Plantae
Kelas : Liliopsida
Ordo : Orchidales
Famili : Iridaceae
Genus : Belamchanda
Spesies : Belamchanda sinensis
C. PEMBAHASAN
Sel-sel itu pada tempat tertentu membentuk jaringan. Jaringan adalah
sekelompok sel yang mempunyai struktur dan fungsi yang sama dan terikat oleh
bahan antarsel membentuk suatu kesatuan. Seiring tahap perkembangannya, jaringan
penyusun tubuh tumbuhan dapat dibedakan menjadi dua macam, yaitu jaringan
meristem dan jaringan dewasa. Pada jaringan permanen sel-selnya tidak lagi
mengalami pembelahan. Jaringan dewasa meliputi jaringan epidermis, gabus
parenkima, xilem, dan floem. Selain itu ada bagian tumbuhan tertentu yang memiliki
jaringan kolenkima dan sklerenkima.
Terlihat bahwa struktur batang Coleus sp tersusun rapi yang pada pengamatan
mikroskop terlihat bagian – bagiannya seperti empulur, epidermis, berkas pembuluh
korteks. Masih sulit untuk membedakan antara pembuluh xylem dan floem.
Pada gambar kedua yaitu jagung potongan melintang, jaringan epidermis
berbentuk persegi. Sel epidermal mengandung bagian kristal yang memanjang. Di
dalam setelah jaringan epidermis, terdapat jaringan sklerenkim yang tebal.
Sklerenkim pada batang saling berselang-seling dengan jaringan klorenkim.
Sklerenkim sebagian mengandung kumpulan sistem vaskular yang melingkari batang.
Terdapat 3-5 sistem vaskular yang mengitari batang. Bagian sistem vaskular yang
terluar merupakan yang terkecil. Bagian utama sistem vaskular yangterdiri dari xilem
dan floem menyebar di bagian dalam tengah pada batang. Sistem vaskular yang
berada di tengah tidak seluas sistem vaskular yang berada pada bagian periferal
(pinggir). Sistem vaskular yang terletak pada bagian tengah batang tidak memiliki
jaringan sklerenkim. Pada bagian tengah batang. Sklerenkim digantikan oleh jaringan
keran bernama parenkim. ( Anatasia Ervina, 2013 )
Pada pengamatan sayatan tipis batang labu, dapat terlihat epidermis, korteks,
floem, kambium, xylem dan empulur. Batang labu ini termasuk batang dikotil dan
mempunyai berkas pembuluh tipe kolateral terbuka dan berkas pengangkutnya berada
teratur di dalam lingkaran.Epidermis pada batang adalah sel hidup yang mampu
bermitosis, hal ini penting dalam upaya memperluas permukaan apabila terjadi tekanan
dari dalam akibat pertumbuhan sekunder. Korteks adalah kawasan diantara epidermis
dan sel silinder pembuluh paling luar, korteks btang terdiri dari parenkim yang berisi
kloroplas. Di tepi luar sering terdapat kolenkim dan sklerenkim. Batas antara korteks
dan daerah pembuluh atau pengangkut tidak jelas karena sering tidak ditemukan
endodermis apalagi pada batang yang masih muda. Kekhususan yang utama pada
kolateral terbuka adalah terdapatnya kambium dalam berkas ini, yang berfungsi sebagai
jaringan penghubung antara floem dan xylem. Selain itu dapat berperan demikian besar
dalam pembentukan pembuluh-pembuluh tapis sekunder ke arah luar dan membentuk
pembuluh-pembuluh kayu. Kambium pada batang pada penampang melintang biasanya
merupakan lingkaran yang kontinu (Sutrian, 2017).
Pada tangkai daun waru terdapatderivat epidermis berupa trikoma. Trikomanya
berupa trikoma non glandular karena bukan trikoma yang memiliki rambut kelenjar.
Trikoma ini berupa sederet sel yang membentuk rambut bintang. Fungsi trikoma adalah
sebagai pelindung terhadap gangguan dari luar untuk mengurangi penguapan.
Berdasarkan pengamatan terhadap durian, terlihat sel epidermisnya berbentuk
kulit. Pada daun durian, permukaannya terdapat velotinus yaitu bulu/rambut yang halus
seperti beludru, lunak, pendek dan rapat, hanya saja pada pengamatan hal ini tidak
nampak. Fungsi epidermis pada daun adalah untuk mengurangi besarnya penguapan
dan rambut gatal berfungsi mengurangi gangguan dari manusia dan hewan.
Tipe stomata daun durian yaitu tipe anomositik dimana jumlah sel tetangga
yang dimiliki sebanyak tiga atau lebih, satu sama lain sukar dibedakan. Pada daun
Durio zibethinus juga terdapat trikoma yang merupakan derivat dari epidermis yang
berfungsi mengurangi besarnya penguapan. Trikomanya berbentuk rambut sisik yang
memipih, bersel banyak (multiseluler), dan ditemukan tanpa tangkai (sesil) dengan
warna coklat sedikit keoranyean. Trikoma ini termasuk trikoma non glanduler karena
tidak menghasilkan sekret. Selain itu juga ditemukan trikoma bentuk bintang
multiseluler, yang di dalamnya tidak ditemukan adanya sistolit juga. ( Simbolon Tuan,
2016 )
D. KESIMPULAN
Pada praktikum tentang struktur dan fungsi jaringan tumbuhan ini dapat
disimpulkan bahwa tumbuhan tersusun atas banyak sel. Sel-sel itu pada tempat
tertentu membentuk jaringan. Jaringan adalah sekelompok sel yang mempunyai
struktur dan fungsi yang sama dan terikat oleh bahan antarsel membentuk suatu
kesatuan. Seiring tahap perkembangannya, jaringan penyusun tubuh tumbuhan dapat
dibedakan menjadi dua macam, yaitu jaringan meristem dan jaringan dewasa. Pada
jaringan permanen sel-selnya tidak lagi mengalami pembelahan. Jaringan dewasa
meliputi jaringan epidermis, gabus parenkima, xilem, dan floem. Selain itu ada bagian
tumbuhan tertentu yang memiliki jaringan kolenkima dan sklerenkima.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Ervina, Anastasia. 2013. Ilmu Biologi. ( Online ) http://ilmubiologi.com/struktur-

anatomi-jagung ( diakses pada Selasa, 2 Oktober 2018 )
Sutrian. 2017. Materi Pertanian. ( Online )
http://www.materipertanian.com/klasifikasi-dan-deskripsi-labu-kuning/ ( diakses pada
Selasa, 2 Oktober 2018 )
Tuan, Simbolon. 2016. Tips Dokumen. ( Online )
https://dokumen.tips/documents/anatomi-daun-durian.html ( diakses pada Selasa, 2 Oktober
2018 )
V. Pembelahan Sel (Mitosis)
LAPORAN TETAP
Nama : Tanggal :
NIM : Asisten :1.
Kelas : 2.
Judul : 3.
4.
5.
A. TUJUAN
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B. HASIL
Gambar Keterangan
VI. Pemisahan Pigmen Daun
Hasil Pengamatan
Gambar Keterangan
C. PEMBAHASAN
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D. KESIMPULAN
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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LAPORAN TETAP
Nama : Tanggal :
NIM : Asisten :1.
Kelas : 2.
Judul : 3.
4.
5.
A. TUJUAN
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B. HASIL
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C. PEMBAHASAN
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D. KESIMPULAN
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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VII. Reproduksi Vegetatif
Tabel pengamatan
Minggu Ke-1
POT Tinggi Tanaman Jumlah Tunas Jumlah Daun
A
B
C
D
Minggu Ke-2
A
B
C
D
Minggu Ke-3
A
B
C
D
Hasil Pengamatan
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LAPORAN TETAP
Nama : Tanggal :
NIM : Asisten :1.
Kelas : 2.
Judul : 3.
4.
5.
A. TUJUAN
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B. LATAR BELAKANG
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B. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
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C. HASIL dan PEMBAHASAN
Minggu Ke-1
A
B
C
D
Minggu Ke-2
A
B
C
D
Minggu Ke-3
A
B
C
D
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D. KESIMPULAN
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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VIII. Reproduksi Generatif

HASIL PENGAMATAN
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LAPORAN TETAP
Nama : Tanggal :
NIM : Asisten :1.
Kelas : 2.
Judul : 3.
4.
5.
A. LATAR BELAKANG
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B. TUJUAN
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C. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
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D. WAKTU dan TEMPAT

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E. ALAT dan BAHAN

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F. HASIL
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G. PEMBAHASAN
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H. KESIMPULAN dan SARAN
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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IX. Morfologi daun
Hasil Pengamatan
Gambar Keterangan
LAPORAN TETAP
Nama : Tanggal :
NIM : Asisten :1.
Kelas : 2.
Judul : 3.
4.
5.
A. TUJUAN
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B. HASIL
GAMBAR KETERANGAN
C. PEMBAHASAN
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D. KESIMPULAN
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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X. Akar, Batang Dan Modifikasinya
Hasil Pengamatan
Gambar Keterangan
LAPORAN TETAP
Nama : Tanggal :
NIM : Asisten :1.
Kelas : 2.
Judul : 3.
4.
5.
A. TUJUAN
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.....……………..........................................................................................................
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B. HASIL
GAMBAR KETERANGAN
C. PEMBAHASAN
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D. KeESIMPULAN
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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XI. Struktur, Bagian dan Susunan Bunga
Hasil Pengamatan
Gambar Keterangan
LAPORAN TETAP
Nama : Tanggal :
NIM : Asisten :1.
Kelas : 2.
Judul : 3.
4.
5.
A. TUJUAN
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B. HASIL
GAMBAR KETERANGAN
GAMBAR KETERANGAN
GAMBAR KETERANGAN
B. PEMBAHASAN
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D. KESIMPULAN dan SARAN
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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XII. Klasifikasi , Morfologi dan Anatomi Buah
Hasil Pengamatan
Gambar Keterangan
LAPORAN TETAP
Nama : Tanggal :
NIM : Asisten :1.
Kelas : 2.
Judul : 3.
4.
5.
A. TUJUAN
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B. HASIL
GAMBAR KETERANGAN
GAMBAR KETERANGAN
GAMBAR KETERANGAN
GAMBAR KETERANGAN
C. PEMBAHASAN
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D. KESIMPULAN
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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XIII. Determinasi dan Membuat Herbarium
Contoh : FILED BOOK/COLLECTOR BOOK

No Tanggal Famili Genus Spesies Nama Tempat Altitute Habitatio Annotation
Daerah
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Laporan Botani

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Laporan Botani

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

LAPORAN TETAP

PRAKTIKUM BOTANI UMUM

JURUSAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN

Nama : Addina Fitrianti

Jurusan : Budidaya Pertanian

Asal Sekolah : SMAN 1 Kayuagung

Alamat : Jl. Simpang Kijang no.

Motto : Try my best and positive

Nama Orang Tua

Bapak : Akhmad Zaini, SP

Ibu : Siti Ainah

Alamat Orang Tua : Jl. Simpang Kijang no.

No Nama NIM Tanda Tangan

1 Risna Rusdan 05091281621037

2 Atika Junie Astuti 05091281621036

3 Novita Sari 05091281722026

DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP.................................................................................. 2

Nama : Addina Fitrianti Tanggal : 5 September 2018

1. Hydrilla Bagian – bagian sel :

4. Allamanda Bagian – bagian sel :

5. Empulur ketela pohon Bagian – bagian sel :

Dari percobaan yang dilakukan, dapat disimpilkan bahwa :

Reece, Campbell. 2002. BIOLOGI. ( online ), https://www.biologi-

Elfianis, Rita. 2016. Pengertian Sel dan Bentuk-Bentuk sel. ( online )

II. Benda-benda Mati Dalam Sel

Nama : Addina Fitrianti Tanggal : 12 September 2018

1. Daun bunga pukul 4 Klasifikasi :

2. Batang Bayam Klasifikasi :

3. Tangkai daun begnia Klasifikasi :

5. Umbi singkong Klasifikasi :

6. Umbi kentang Klasifikasi :

7. Butir padi Klasifikasi :

9. Biji jagung Klasifikasi :

Nama : Addina Fitrianti Tanggal : 19 September 2018

1. Daun karet kerbau Bagian – bagian Sel:

Pengertian Dinding Sel Tumbuhan

1. Penebalan dinding primer sel tumbuhan

2. Terjadi penambahan pada lapisan dibawah dinding primer yang komposisi

Struktur Dinding Sel Tumbuhan

Dinding sel tumbuhan setelah mengalami pertumbuhan sekunder akan

Fungsi dari plasmodesmata pada dinding sel tumbuhan adalah sebagai

Fungsi dinding sel tumbuhan akan mengalami perubahan sesuai dengan

Di antara dinding sel yang mengalami penebalan, terdapat bagian-bagian

Di dalam noktah kadang-kadang dijumpai plasmodesmata, yang berfungsi untuk

Plasmodesmata sebagai penghubung protoplas antar sel tumbuhan

Plasmodesmata adalah suatu saluran terbuka pada dinding sel tumbuhan

Alim, Tanri. 2016. Biologi Sel. ( Online )

IV. Struktur dan Fungsi Jaringan

Ervina, Anastasia. 2013. Ilmu Biologi. ( Online ) http://ilmubiologi.com/struktur-

VIII. Reproduksi Generatif

D. WAKTU dan TEMPAT

E. ALAT dan BAHAN

Contoh : FILED BOOK/COLLECTOR BOOK

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