Bengkel Teknik Menjawab

Berfokus Kimia kertas 2 SPM

CHAPTER 6
BAB 6

ELEKTROCHEMISTRY
ELEKTROKIMIA

1
 Section A
Bahagian A

1)

2
 Anode Cathode
Anod(+) Katod(-)

Anode Cathode
Anod(+) Katod(-)

3
4
2. Diagram shows the apparatus set-up to study the electrolysis of 1.0 mol dm–3 copper(II) sulphate solution.
In Set I, carbon electrodes are used. In Set II, copper electrodes are used.
Rajah menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji elektrolisis larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 1.0 mol dm–3.
Dalam Set I, elektrod karbon digunakan. Dalam Set II, elektrod kuprum digunakan.

(a)What is the meaning of an anion?

Apakah maksud anion?

________________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[ 1 markah]
(b)State all the anions and cations in copper(II) sulphate solution.
Nyatakan semua anion dan kation dalam larutan kuprum(II) sulfat.

Anions/Anion:
____________________________________________________________________________

Cations/Kation:
___________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(c)Based on Set I in Diagram:
Berdasarkan Set I dalam Rajah: Anode Cathode
(i) Write the formula of the ion that is selectively discharged at the anode. Anod(+) Katod(-)
Tulis formula bagi ion yang dipilih untuk dinyahcaskan di anod.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Write the half-equation for the reaction that takes place at the anode.
Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di anod.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(iii)Describe briefly the chemical test to confirm the product at the anode.

5
 Huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan hasil di anod.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(d)Compare the colour of the copper(Il) sulphate solutions in Set I and Set II after one hour of electrolysis.
Give one reason for the answer.
Bandingkan warna larutan kuprum(II) sulfat dalam Set I dan Set II selepas satu jam elektrolisis dijalankan.
Beri satu alasan bagi jawapan itu.

Comparison/Perbandingan:

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

Reason/Alasan:

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

3. Diagram below shows the apparatus set-up for the combination of cell I and cell II. Cell I supplies electrical
energy for cell II.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan susunan radas bagi gabungan sel I dan sel II. Sel I membekal tenaga
elektrik kepada sel II.

___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________

6
(a) State all the ions present in the copper(II) sulphate solution.
Nyatakan semua ion yang hadir dalam larutan kuprum(II) sulfat.

______________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark
[1 markah
(b) State the negative terminal in cell I.
Nyatakan terminal negatif bagi sel I.

______________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark
[1 markah
(c) After twenty minutes,
Selepas dua puluh minit,
(i) state the observation at magnesium electrode in cell I.
nyatakan pemerhatian pada elektrod magnesium di sel I.

___________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark
[1 markah
(ii) write half equations for the reaction occured at the magnesium and copper electrodes in cell I.
tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di elektrod magnesium dan elektrod kuprum
dalam sel I.
Magnesium electrode:
Elektrod magnesium

___________________________________________________________________________

Copper electrode:
Elektrod kuprum

___________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks
[2 markah
(d) State the change in colour of copper(II) sulphate solution in cell I and cell II.
Nyatakan perubahan warna bagi larutan kuprum(II) sulfat dalam sel I dan sel II.
Cell I:
Sel I

______________________________________________________________________________

Cell II:
Sel II

______________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks
[2 markah
(e) A metal Z is found containing some impurities. Z is located below copper in the electrochemical series.
Suatu logam Z didapati mengandungi sedikit bendasing. Z terletak di bawah kuprum dalam siri elektrokimia.
(i) State the method used to purify the metal Z.
Nyatakan kaedah yang digunakan untuk menulenkan logam Z itu.

7
 ___________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark
[1 markah
(ii) Draw a labelled diagram for the apparatus set-up for (e)(i).
Lukis rajah berlabel untuk susunan radas bagi (e)(i).

[3 marks
[3 markah
Section B
Bahagian B

4)Diagram shows the apparatus set-up for the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution using carbon electrodes.
Rajah menunjukkan susunan radas untuk elektrolisis larutan natrium klorida dengan menggunakan elektrod
karbon.

(a)Based on Diagram below, state the factors that determine the products formed at electrode P and electrode Q.
Berdasarkan Rajah di bawah, nyatakan faktor yang menentukan hasil yang terbentuk pada elektrod P dan
elektrod Q.
[2 marks
[2 markah
(b)
At P: The position of ions in the electrochemical series 
a) Ex At Q: concentration of ions 
pl Kedudukan ion dalam siri elektrokimia Kepekatan ion
b)ai
n Electrodes P Electrodes Q
th Elektrod P Elektrod Q
e Ions attracted
reIon-ion yang tertarik
Ion
act selectively discharged
ioIon yang dipilih untuk
ns dinyahcas
at Reason H+ ion is lower than Na+ ion in Concentration of Cl- ions is higher than
ele Sebab _____________________________. OH- ions. 
ctr
od Ion H+ lebih rendah daripada ion Na+ Kepekatan ion Cl- lebih tinggi drpd ion
dalam OH-. 
_____________________________
. 8

Half equations 2H+ + 2e → H2  2Cl- - 2e → Cl2 ×

Setengah persamaan
es,
P
an
d
Q.
In
cl
ud
e
th
e
fol
lo
wi
ng
in
yo
ur
ex
pl
an
ati
on
:
Te
ra
ng
ka
n
tin
da
k
ba
la
s
pa
da
el
ek
tr
od
,
P
da
n
Q.
Pe
ne
ra
ng
an
an
da

9
pe
rl
u
m
en
ga
nd
un
gi:

[1
0
m
ar
ks]
[1
0
m
ar
ka
h]

(c)An experiment is carried out to determine the relative position of three metals, silver, L and M, in the
electrochemical series. Diagram below shows the results of the experiment.
Suatu eksperimen dijalankan untuk menentukan kedudukan relatif bagi tiga logam, argentum, L dan M, dalam
siri elektrokimia. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen tersebut.

10
 (i) Based on the results, arrange the three metals in order of increasing electropositivity.
Explain your answer.
Berdasarkan kepada keputusan, susun tiga logam tersebut mengikut turutan menaik keelektropositifannya.
Terangkan jawapan anda.
[6 marks
[6 markah
Dalam Ekesperimen I:
1. L can displace silver ion from silver nitrate solution ×
L dapat menyesarkan ion argentum daripada larutan argentum nitrat. ×
2. L is more reactive than silver ×
L lebih reaktif daripada argentum ×

5. Ekesperimen
Dalam (a) Table below
II: shows the results of a series of experiments carried out to construct the electrochemical series.
The positive terminal and
3. M can ______________silver fromvalue
silverfor the potential
nitrate solution.difference for the pair of metals X and copper, Cu are not
given. W, X and Y are not the actual symbols of the metals.
M dapat ______________ argentum daripada larutan argentum nitrat.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan keputusan satu siri eksperimen yang telah dijalankan untuk membina siri
4. M higherelektrokimia.
than silver in the Electrochemical series.
___________________________________________________________________________________
M lebih tinggi daripada
Terminal argentum
positif dalam
dan nilai bezasiri elektrokimia.
keupayaan bagi pasangan logam X dan kuprum, Cu tidak diberi. W,
X dan Ybukan simbol sebenar logam-logam itu.
___________________________________________________________________________________
Dalam Ekesperimen III:
5. M ___________ displace L from L nitrate solution.
___________________________________________________________________________________
M ___________ menyesarkan L daripada larutan L nitrat.
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. M kurang elektropositive than L.
M less elektropositif daripada L.
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. The order of increasing electropositivity is
Turutan menaik keelektropositifannya ialah ____________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________
(i) Based on the values of the potential differences, arrange the metals in descending order in the
electrochemical series.
___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________
11
___________________________________________________________________________________
 Berdasarkan nilai beza keupayaan, susun logam-logam tersebut dalam tertib menurun dalam siri
elektrokimia.
[1 mark
[1 markah
(ii) Predict the value of the positive terminal and the potential difference for the pair of metals X and Cu.
Explain your answer.
Ramal nilai terminal positif dan beza keupayaan bagi pasangan logam X dan Cu.
Jelaskan jawapan anda.
[3 marks
[3 markah

6 Diagram shows the extraction of aluminium from molten aluminium oxide by electrolysis.
Rajah menunjukkan pengekstrakan logam daripada leburan aluminium oksida melalui elektrolisis.

Anode Cathode
Anod(+) Katod(-)

(a) Identify P, Q, R and S.

Q acts as the negative electrode of the cell. Write half equation at the negative electrode of the cell.
Kenalpasti P, Q, R and S.
Q bertindak sebagai elektrod negatif sel itu. Tulis persamaan setengah pada elektrod negatif sel
itu.
[5 marks]
___________________________________________________________________________________
[5 markah]
___________________________________________________________________________________
(b) Before electrolysis, compound T is added to aluminium oxide. Name compound T and state its
function.
___________________________________________________________________________________
Sebelum electrolysis, sebatian T ditambah kepada aluminium oksida. Namakan sebatian T dan
nyatakan fungsinya.
___________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
___________________________________________________________________________________ [2 markah]

___________________________________________________________________________________
Section C
Bahagian C
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. Diagram shows the apparatus set-up for the electrolysis of 1.0 mol dm-3 aqueous solution of compound XY2
___________________________________________________________________________________
Rajah menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menjalankan elektrolisis bagi larutan akueus bagi sebatian XY2 , 1.0

___________________________________________________________________________________
12
___________________________________________________________________________________
 mol dm-3.

(a) Suggest one possible cation for X2+ ion.

Using your knowledge of factors affecting the selective discharge of ions at the electrodes,
(i) write the half equation for the reaction at the cathode,
[3 marks
(ii) state the type of reaction at the cathode.
[1 mark

Cadangkan satu kation yang mungkin bagi ion X2+.

Dengan menggunakan pengetahuan anda tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemilihan ion untuk
dinyahcaskan di elektrod,
(i) tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di katod,
[3 markah
(ii) nyatakan jenis tindak balas di katod.
[1 markah
(b)
Su
gg
est
on
ep
oss
ibl
2+e
a) X : ____________
ani
i) Halfonequation:
Persamaan
for setengah:
-
Y
_________________________
ion
.
ii) Type of reaction: Reduction
Na
me tindak balas: Penurunan
Jenis
the
pro
du
ct
at
the
an
od
e

13
an
d
ex
pla
in
the
for
ma
tio
n
of
the
pro
du
ct.
De
cri
be
on
ec
he
mi
cal
tes
t
for
the
pro
du
ct.
[6
ma
rks
]
Ca
da
ng
ka
ns
at
u
ani
on
ya
ng
mu
ng
kin
ba
gi
ion
Y-.
Na

14
ma
ka
n
ha
sil
pa
da
an
od
da
n
ter
an
gk
an
pe
mb
ent
uk
an
ha
sil
itu.
Hu
rai
ka
ns
at
u
uji
an
ki
mi
a
unt
uk
ha
sil
itu.
[6
ma
rk
ah]
b) Y- : ____________
Anod
Ions attracted
Ion-ion yang tertarik
Ion discharged
Ion dinyahcas
Reason
Sebab
Product
Hasil
Chemical test:
Ujian kimia:__________________________________________
15
 Anode Cathode
Anod(+) Katod(-)
(c)A student intends to electroplate an iron spoon with silver to make it more attractive.
Plan one laboratory experiment to electroplate the iron spoon.
Your answer should include the following:
 A list of material and apparatus
 Procedure of the experiment
 A labelled diagram showing the apparatus set-up
 The half equations for the reactions at the anode and the cathode
[10 marks
Seorang murid ingin menyadur satu sudu besi dengan argentum untuk menjadikan sudu itu lebih menarik.
Rancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk menyadur sudu besi itu.
Jawapan anda perlu mengandungi perkara berikut:
 Senarai bahan dan radas
 Prosedur eksperimen
 Gambarajah berlabel yang menunjukkan susunan radas
 Setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di anod dan di katod
[10 markah
1. Material: Iron spoon, silver metal, __________ __________ solution, sandpaper
Bahan Sudu besi, kepingan argentum, larutan __________ ___________

Apparatus: wire, battery, beaker 

Radas: wayar, bateri, bikar

Procedure Prosedur:
2. 1) Clean the iron spoon with sandpaper. 
Bersihkan sudu besi dengan kertas pasir.

3. 2) Pour 50 cm3 0.5 mol dm-3 silver nitrate ___________ into a beaker. 
Tuangkan 50 cm3 _____________ argentum nitrat 0.5 mol dm-3 ke dalam sebuah bikar.
8. Diagram below shows the apparatus set-up to investigate the electrolysis process in cell I and cell II.
4. The
3) Connect iron spoon
electrolyte tocell
used in ___________,
I is sulphuricsilver
acid metal
and intocell
___________.
II is solution L. Both cells use carbon
electrodes
Sambungkan
and produce gaskepingan
X and argentum
gas Y. ke _________ dan sudu besi ke ______________.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menyiasat proses elektrolisis dalam sel I dan
5. sel
4) Dip both electrodes
II. Elektrolit into the solution.
yang digunakan dalam  sel I ialah asid sulfurik dan dalam
sel II ialah larutan L. Kedua-dua
Rendam kedua-dua elektrod ke dalam larutan.
sel menggunakan elektrod karbon dan menghasilkan gas X dan gas Y.

6. 5) Complete the circuit. 

Lengkapkan litar.

7. Half equation at anode : ___________________

Setengah persamaan di anod 9/10:

8. Half equation at cathode :__________________

Setengah persamaan di katod

Anode Cathode
Anod(+) Katod(-)
16
 (a)
(i)

(ii)
Negative terminal:
Terminal negatif:___________

Positive terminal:
Terminal positif:___________

Flow of electrons from

i)
Pengaliran elektron dari _____________________.
ii)
Gas X:_____________________
Prosedur: L: _______________________________________
1.Gas Y:_____________________
A porous pot is placed into a beaker.
Anode Cathode
Sebuah
Half pasu berliang diletakkan keAnod(+)
equation: dalam sebuah bikar. 
Katod(-)
Persamaan setengah:
2. Zinc sulphate solution is pour into the porous pot.
Anode:_____________________
Larutan zink sulfat dituang ke dalam pasu berliang. 
Anod L: HCl x L: CuSO4 x
Anode
3. Metal T sulphate solution is pour into Cathode
the beaker. Anode Cathode
Cathode:___________________ Anod(+) Katod(-) Anod(+) Katod(-)
Larutan logam T sulfat dituang ke dalam bikar. 
Katod
(b)strip into zinc sulphate solution
4. Dip zinc
Me zink ke dalam larutan zink sulfat. 
Celup Jalur
tal
T T into metal T sulphate solution.
5. Dip metal
is
Celup logam T ke dalam larutan logam T sulfat. 
pla
ce the circuit //
6. Complete
Connect d the zinc strip, metal T and voltmeter with
connecting wire.
Lengkapkan litar // 17
Sambung jalur zink, logam T dan voltmeter dengan
wayar penyambung. 
ab
ov
e
zin
c
in
the
ele
ctr
oc
he
mi
cal
ser
ies.
De
scr
ibe
ho
w
to
pre
par
e
the
ap
par
atu
s
set
-up
of
a
ch
em
ica
l
cel
l in
a
sch
ool
lab
ora
tor
y
usi
ng
sui
tab
le
ap
par

18
atu
s
an
d
all
the
ch
em
ica
ls
in
the
bo
x
bel
ow
.
Lo
ga
m
T
dit
em
pat
ka
n
di
ata
s
zin
k
dal
am
sir
i
ele
ktr
oki
mi
a.
Hu
rai
ka
n
ba
gai
ma
na
me
ny
edi
ak
an

19
sus
un
an
ra
da
s
ba
gi
sel
ki
mi
a
di
ma
km
al
sek
ola
h
de
ng
an
me
ng
gu
na
ka
nr
ad
as
ya
ng
ses
uai
da
n
se
mu
a
ba
ha
n
ki
mi
a
dal
am
kot
ak
di
ba
wa
h.

20
Zinc sulphate solution
Larutan zink sulfat
A solution of sulphate of metal T
Larutan bagi sulfat logam

Yo
ur
ans
we
r
sh
oul
d
inc
lud
ea
lab
ell
ed
dia
gra
m,
the
dir
ect
ion
of
flo
w
of
ele
ctr
on
s,
the
po
siti
ve
an
dn
eg
ati
ve
ter
mi
nal
s

21
of
the
ch
em
ica
l
cel
l.
[10
ma
rks
]
Ja
wa
pa
n
an
da
me
sti
me
ng
an
du
ngi
raj
ah
be
rla
bel
,
ar
ah
pe
ng
ali
ra
n
ele
ktr
on,
ter
mi
nal
po
siti
f
da
n
ter
mi
nal
ne

22
gat
if
pa
da
sel
ki
mi
a
itu
.
[10
ma
rk
ah]



//

23
 9) Set II:
I:
Anode Cathode
Anod(+) Katod(-)

Prosedur:
1. Fill the electrolytic cell with _________________________.
Isi sel elektrolisis dengan _________________________.

2. Invert test tube fill with ___________over the electrodes.

Telangkupkan tabung uji berisi _________ke atas elektrod. 

3. Connect the electrodes to the battery with connection wire. //

Complete the circuit
Sambungkan elektrod kepada bateri dgn wayar penyambung // 
lengkapkan litar 

4. Repeat step 1 to 3 using __________________________.

Ulang langkah 1 hingga 3 dengan _____________________.

Set I
Anod Katod
2Cl-→ CL2 + 2e 2H+ + 2e → H2 
Set II
Anod Katod
4OH-→ 2H2O +O2 +4e 2H+ + 2e → H2

24