Pressure Temperature Spinner [PTS]

1. What is PTS?
• Objective and Fundamental
• Tools and Survey Plan
• Reservoir Parameters to be obtained and
• Expected Result
2. How to analyse PTS Data?
• Production PTS Data Analysis
• Injection PTS Data Analysis
• Shut-in PTS Data Analysis

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 Part 1

1. What is PTS?
• Objective and Fundamental
• Tools and Survey Plan
• Reservoir Parameters to be obtained and
• Expected Result

2
Types of Downhole Measurements

Go Devil Logging

Calipers Logging

PT Logging

PTS Logging

Downhole Sampling (DHS)

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 PTS Logging Description

PTS logging merupakan salah satu program

pengujian sumur yang sangat penting yang
dilakukan dengan menurunkan alat bernama PTS
(Pressure Temperature Spinner) ke dalam sumur
untuk memperoleh data-data yang dapat dianalisa
untuk keperluan karakterisasi reservoir (feedzone).

?
Note:
Please not to confuse with PTS Survey, PTS Logging, or PTS Measurement.
They have the same meaning.

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Feedzone/Reservoir Characterization

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Feedzone/Reservoir Characterization

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 Perbedaan PT dan PTS Logging

Perbedaan mendasar adalah pada PTS logging

dilakukan pengukuran profil laju alir fluida di dalam
lubang sumur, tidak hanya pengukuran tekanan
(pressure) dan temperatur saja seperti pada PT
logging.

Spinner berfungsi sebagai komponen yang akan

merekam profil laju alir fluida yang direpresentasikan
oleh kecepatan putaran spinner.

PTS dapat menggantikan peran PT tool,

sedangkan sebaliknya tidak.

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 Basic Principle of Downhole Measurement
Cannot “see” the geothermal reservoir to directly measure
reservoir parameters.
• Pipeline on open ground – we can measure diameter,
length, pressure drop and flow.

• Need to infer reservoir parameters from information

obtained from the wells which are our “eyes” in the
reservoir.

Reference: Geothermal Resource Council

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Reservoir | Feedzone | Objective of PTS Survey

Identifikasi lokasi feedzone, sekaligus laju Objective of PTS Survey

alir dan enthalpy dari setiap feed zone.
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Reservoir | Feedzone | Objective of PTS Survey
Fracture/feedzone

Identifikasi lokasi feedzone, sekaligus laju Objective of PTS Survey

alir dan enthalpy dari setiap feed zone.
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PTS Tools
• Alat PTS
dilengkapi
dengan sensor
tekanan,
temperatur, dan
flow meter
(spinner).

Pressure
Temperature
Spinner

Picture taken from lecture notes from Dr. Nenny Saptadji

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 Prinsip Kerja

1. Spinner adalah baling-

baling (impeller) yang
berputar bila ada fluida
yang melewatinya.
2. Banyak putaran dari
baling-baling tersebut
dalam selang waktu
tertentu dicatat di
3. Frekuensi putaran spinner atau RPS permukaan sebagai RPS.
berbanding lurus terhadap kecepatan
fluida satu fasa di dalam sumur.
Picture taken from http://www.mbcentury.co.nz/our-services/reservoir-services/pts-tool
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 Cable Head
Tool’s Parts

Centralizer

Heat Shield
Impeller/Spinner
2.5m

Pressure Port
Temperature
Centralizer
Sensor
berfungsi untuk
mempertahankan
posisi PTS tool
agar berada di
Impeller tengah-tengah
pipa
Impeller housing
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Ref: http://www.geothermal-energy.org/pdf/IGAstandard/WGC/2000/R0254.PDF
 Peralatan Lain

Winch:
Peralatan untuk mengulur dan
menarik kabel ke dan dari dalam
sumur

E-line or Slick line:

Kabel untuk menurunkan alat ke
dalam sumur yang sekaligus dapat
berfungsi sebagai trasmitor data
hasil pengukuran secara real time
(E-line). Sedangkan slick line tidak
secara real time.
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Reference: Nenny Saptadji & Robi Irsamukhti
 Instrumen Lain dari PTS tool
Sensor Weight:
untuk memonitor tension dari kabel logging secara terus menerus.
Tension adalah gaya yang bekerja pada kabel yang mengakibatkan
kabel teregang akibat adanya beban diujung kabel

SRO = Surface Read Out:

perangkat untuk membaca data yang
ditransmisikan dari dalam lubang ke
permukaan. Untuk ini digunakan e-line
cable. Dihubungkan monitor sehingga
parameter yang sedang diukur dapat
dibaca secara real time.

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Reference: Nenny Saptadji
PTS logging in Indonesia since mid 1980’s

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Reference: Geothermal Resource Council
 Prinsip Kerja
1. Merekam Tekanan, Spinner in moving fluid
Temperature, dan laju
rotasi impeller
dipermukaan dengan
menurunkan downhole tool
yang dilengkapi oleh
sensor tekanan,
temperatur dan flow Selain spinner, alat
meter. PTS juga dilengkapi
2. Landaian perubahan sensor pengukur
tekanan, temperatur, dan tekanan dan
rps yang terekam nantinya temperatur
akan dianalisa untuk
mendeskripsikan
kondisi sumur dan
reservoir.
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 PTS Operation
• Alat PTS
dilengkapi
Temperature Up to 350°C
dengan sensor
Pressure Up to 350 bar tekanan,
Data logging Memory mode or e-line mode temperatur, dan
flow meter
Memory mode: (spinner).
the logged data is downloaded to
a laptop at the surface and
merged with the logged surface
parameters.
E-line mode:
mono conductor cable in e-line
mode with real time data to
surface, or on slickline in memory
mode.
Price Much higher than PT Logging
Pressure
Continuous measurement Temperature
Spinner
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 Data Record (Exampe)

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Ref: http://www.geothermal-energy.org/pdf/IGAstandard/WGC/2000/R0254.PDF
 Data Identification

Lokasi Feedzone Diidentifikasi dengan berputarnya spinner

dan temperature change
Laju alir (kemampuan
produksi/injeksi Dikuantifikasi berdasarkan nilai rotation per
feedzone [Productivity/
Injectivity index]) second dari putaran spinner

Enthalpy Diukur dari nilai tekanan dan temperatur

oleh alat PTS di kedalaman feedzone

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 Feedzone/Reservoir Characterization
Memproduksikan sumur
secara bersamaan alat
PTS diturun-naikkan ke m = PI * (Preservoir – P flowing)
dalam sumur untuk
merekam tekanan, PI = m / (Preservoir – P flowing)
temperatur, dan
kecepatan spinner Productivity Index (PI)

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 Timing of Ideal Well Testing
Kapan kah pengukuran menggunakan alat PTS dilakukan?

Drilling Well Completion Well Testing

completed Test

• Injection test/Water loss • Production performance test

test/gross permeability test
• Flowing test
• Pressure transient test (Drawdown |
Pressure Build up, Injection | Fall Off) • Interference test, etc
• Shut-in or heating up test
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 PTS Logging Operation
PTS logging atau pengukuran tekanan (P), temperature (T),
PTS Injection dan kecepatan spinner (S) di sepanjang kedalaman lubang
PTS Logging

sumur dapat dilakukan dalam keadaan sumur

PTS Flowing diproduksikan, diinjeksikan, atau shut-in agar dapat
diketahui kedalaman dan kontribusi masing-masing
PTS Shut-in feedzone (potential fluid entry) terhadap produksi sumur
serta dapat dipelajari aliran antar feedzone yang terjadi.

General operation of PTS

1. Turunkan sinker bar/dummy terlebih dahulu. Rekam obstruksi di dalam lubang.
2. Jika kondisi lubang sumur dianggap ‘aman’, mulai turunkan alat PTS secara perlahan ( log down).
3. Lakukan pengukuran secara kontinyu dengan kecepatan kabel dan kedalaman sesuai program.
4. Lakukan log up pada kecepatan kabel sesuai program
5. Ulangi pengukuran sesuai kebutuhan program
6. Lakukan stop check (stationery) diatas dan dibawah setiap zona produksi/ potential fluid entry
7. Naikkan alat secara perlahan (log up).
8. Unduh (download) data dari surface unit.
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 Feedzone/Reservoir Characterization During Production

Log up m = PI * (Preservoir – P flowing)

PI = m / (Preservoir – P flowing)
Productivity Index (PI)

Log down
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 Feedzone/Reservoir Characterization During Injection

Log up m = II * (Pinjection – P reservoir)

II = m / (Pinjection – P reservoir)
Injectivity Index (PI)

Log down
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 Part 2

2. How to analyse PTS Data?

• Production PTS Data Analysis
• Injection PTS Data Analysis
• Shut-in PTS Data Analysis

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PTS INJECTION

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PTS INJECTION

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PTS INJECTION¹

Inflow or outflow?

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See the reference in page number 55
PTS Injection
Injection  Injection rate of 63 l/s
fluid
 Cable velocity of 30 m/min

Feedzone Depth (m MD)

inflows #1 762-780
#2 800-840

#3 1010-1150
outflows
#4 1400

Picture taken from lecture notes from Jantiur Situmorang, MT

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 PTS INJECTION

How to analyse of PTS Injection Data to obtain information of

1. Location of permeable/feed zones
2. Contribution of each feedzones
3. Enthalpy of the fluid from each feedzones

Here’s the HOW?

In the next slides

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 PTS INJECTION

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Data is taken from ‘Lecture Notes’ from Geothermal Master Program of ITB
 PTS INJECTION | Step One
1. Identify the location of permeable/feed zone by the temperature change

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 PTS INJECTION | Step Two
2. Determine the flow, which one(s) is the inflow(s) and the outflow(s)?

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 PTS INJECTION | Step three : Heat and Mass Balance
3. Hitung kontribusi fluida dari masing-masing feedzone
menggunakan rumus heat and mass balance

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PTS INJECTION | Example

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 m1 = 28.00 kg/s

PTS Injection m1

h1
=

=
28.00 kg/s

140.38 kJ/kg
Depth = 1127 kJ/kg
Temp = 33.50 °C
Answer h1 = 140.4 kJ/kg
1 m2 = 0.78 kg/s
2 h2 = 2801 kJ/kg
3 Depth = 1340 m
m3 = 28.78 kg/s
Temp = 50.7 °C
h3 = 212.12 kJ/kg
h3 = 212.0 kJ/kg

m4 = 1.18 kg/s
4 h4 = 2800 kJ/kg
5
m5 = 29.96 kg/s Depth = 1483 kJ/kg

h5 = 314.67 kJ/kg Temp = 75.17 °C

m6 = 4.74 kJ/kg
6
h6 = 2800 kJ/kg

m8 = 34.71 kg/s
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Depth = 1780 kJ/kg
h8 = 654.36 kJ/kg Temp = 155.1 °C
m8 = 34.71 kg/s
8 h8 = 682.8 kJ/kg
Depth = 2390 m
Temp = 161.7 °C
PTS FLOWING/PRODUCTION

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 PTS FLOWING
Contoh data dari PTS Flowing Survey
Frequency
Depth Temp Sat Temp Press Cable Speed
(RPS)
m °C °C bar(a) hz ft/min
9.8 229.81 229.59 27.79 0.1 55.12
9.9 229.8 229.60 27.792 35.2 55.12
10 229.74 229.62 27.803 42.9 61.02
10.2 229.83 229.62 27.802 43.8 61.02
10.3 229.8 229.59 27.79 44 61.02
10.5 229.81 229.60 27.792 44.3 55.12
10.6 229.81 229.60 27.796 44.1 61.02
10.8 229.81 229.63 27.808 43.4 55.12
10.9 229.83 229.62 27.804 42.8 61.02
11.1 229.81 229.61 27.801 43.1 55.12
11.2 229.81 229.62 27.803 42.2 61.02
Dan seterusnya sampai kedalaman sumur
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Data is taken from ‘Lecture Notes’ from Geothermal Master Program of ITB
 PTS FLOWING

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Data is taken from ‘Lecture Notes’ from Geothermal Master Program of ITB
 PTS FLOWING

How to analyse of PTS Flowing Data to obtain information of

1. Location of permeable/feed zones
2. Contribution of each feedzones
3. Enthalpy of the fluid from each feedzones

Here’s the HOW?

In the next slides

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 PTS FLOWING

How to analyse of PTS Flowing Data to obtain information of

1. Location of permeable/feed zones
2. Contribution of each feedzones
3. Enthalpy of the fluid from each feedzones

Here’s the HOW?

In the next slides

42
 PTS Flowing Data Analysis | Step One
1. Change RPS into fluid flow velocity (v)

43
Data is taken from ‘Lecture Notes’ from Geothermal Master Program of ITB
 PTS FLOWING | Step One
Change RPS into fluid flow velocity (v)

• Kecepatan fluida pada suatu kedalaman tertentu

dihitung dengan persamaan:
V = (1/m) x RPS – Vtool (cable speed)
• Nilai m sama dengan slope diperoleh dengan cara
membuat cross plot antara RPS dengan kecepatan
alat (cable speed).
• Idealnya, kurva RPS terhadap kecepatan alat akan
membentuk garis lurus. Note :
fpm = feet per minute
rps = rotation per seconds
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 PTS FLOWING | Step One
Change RPS into fluid flow velocity (v)
Contoh pada kedalaman 1116 m
*Positif atau negatif hanya
menunjukan arah logging (log up/
log down)

Plot RPS vs cable speed

Diperoleh slope (m)=0.024

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‘Lecture Notes’ from Nenny Saptadji
 PTS FLOWING | Step One
Prosedur yang sama dengan di atas dilakukan sepanjang
kedalaman.

slope = 0.021
1/m =1/slope
=1/0.021 = 47.6
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‘Lecture Notes’ from Nenny Saptadji
PTS Flowing | Step One Completed
Data Result

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‘Lecture Notes’ from Nenny Saptadji
 PTS Flowing | Step Two Completed
2. Tentukan lokasi feed zone (inflow atau outflow) dan laju alir
massa (mass flow)

Outflow
Outflow
Inflow
Outflow
Inflow
Inflow
Inflow

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 PTS Flowing | Step Three and Four
3. Penyelarasan (matching) hasil simulasi dengan data
lapangan (data observasi/dari pengukuran lapangan)
4. Lakukan Simulasi Penurunan Tekanan di Dalam Lubang Sumur

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 PTS Flowing | Step Four
4. Lakukan Simulasi Penurunan Tekanan di Dalam Lubang Sumur

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‘Lecture Notes’ from Nenny Saptadji
PTS SHUT-IN/HEATING UP

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PTS SHUT-IN/HEATING UP (can be replaced by PT tool)
The objective is to
obtain reservoir
pressure.

Vapor Dominated Reservoir

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PTS SHUT-IN/HEATING UP (can be replaced by PT tool)

The objective is to
obtain reservoir
pressure.

Two-phase
Liquid Dominated Reservoir

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PTS SHUT-IN/HEATING UP (cannot be replaced by PT tool,
necessary to run PTS tool to study flow between feedzones more carefully)

The other objective is to obtain further information on

location of feed zones, to study flow between feed zones

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 REFERENCES
Acuña, J.A. and Arcedera, B.A.: Two-Phase Flow Behavior and
Spinner Data Analysis in Geothermal Wells, Proc. World
Geothermal Congress, Antalya, Turkey (24-29 April 2005)
Axelsson, G. and Steingrímsson, B.: Logging, Testing and Monitoring
Geothermal Wells, Presented at “Short Course on Geothermal
Development and Geothermal Wells”, Santa Tecla, El Salvador
(March 11-17, 2012)
Grant, M.A. and Bixley, P.F.: Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, 2nd
Edition, Academic Press (2011)
¹Steingrimsson, B, “Geothermal Well Logging: Temperature and
Pressure Logs”, United Nations University: Geothermal Training
Programme (2013)
Stevens, L, “Pressure, Temperature And Flow Logging In Geothermal
Wells”, Century Drilling & Energy Services (Nz) Limited, New
Zealand, 2010)

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End of Presentation
Terimakasih

Have a nice day.

Regards,
Nurita

nurita_putri@yahoo.co.uk
nurita_putri@geothermal.itb.ac.id
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