http://news.stanford.edu/news/2008/december3/med-offlabel-120308.html
Contoh obat off-label pada terapi kanker
J Can Res Ther 2011;7:35-9
Contoh Profil Penggunaan obat off-label
di Jerman tahun 2003-2006
Dipotong di sini
Indikasi penggunaan oxcarbazepin secara off-label selama tahun 2014
di beberapa RS di Yogyakarta ( 52,23% peresepan adalah off-label)
(Kusumaningtyas, 2016)
Penggunaan antidepresan
TCA dan SSRI
(Shella, 2016)
Keuntungan vs kerugian
Keuntungan Kerugian
Off-label • Merupakan pilihan jika • Tidak ada asessment terhadap
tidak ada obat yang risk/benefit ratio
memenuhi kebutuhan • Risiko tidak diketahui
• Perkembangan penerapan • Tidak berdasarkan evidence,
baru suatu obat suatu kadang hanya berdasar opini
inovasi dari obat yg sudah • Dosis belum diteliti
ada • Tidak ditanggung asuransi
Terdaftar/ • Risiko lebih rendah • Tidak ada terapi yang efektif
on label • Meningkatkan pada kondisi medik tertentu
keselamatan pasien • Terlalu banyak pembatasan
• Dosis yang digunakan
berdasar evidence
Apa masalah dalam
penggunaan obat off-label ?
Obat yang on-label tidak efektif lagi dan obat tersebut dari
kelas terapi yang sama
Walaupun off-label tapi direkomendasikan dalam guideline
terapi
Sudah ada dukungan evidences
Randomized controlled trial evaluating response to metformin versus standard therapy in the
treatment of adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome
OBJECTIVE:
We evaluated the hypothesis that metformin would improve signs and symptoms of polycystic
ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescents as compared to oral contraceptive pills (OCP) and
have a favorable effect on obesity.
STUDY DESIGN:
Thirty-five obese, post-menarchal, non-sexually active adolescents aged 12-21 years with
PCOS and hyperinsulinism were randomly assigned to receive either OCP or metformin for 6
months.
RESULTS:
There was a significant decrease in BMI in the two groups over time, from 40.1 to 38.6 in the
OCP group, and 37.3 to 36.3 in the metformin group, p = 0.0026, but no significant difference
in the degree of change between the two groups. Both groups had decreased free
testosterone (OCP: 1.8 pg/ml to 0.96 pg/ml; metformin: 2.1 pg/ml to 1.6 pg/ml), p < 0.0001,
and improvements in insulin resistance as evidenced by increased glucose/insulin (G/I) ratio
(p < 0.005) and increased QUICK1 scores (p < 0.0005). No significant differences in response
to treatment were found between the metformin and OCP groups in outcome variables.
CONCLUSION:
Adolescents with PCOS treated with metformin or OCP experienced similar beneficial
outcomes including reduction in androgen levels, weight loss, and increased insulin
sensitivity. The choice of a treatment agent for long-term use will depend on safety profiles,
therapeutic goals and patient adherence.
Misoprostol untuk induksi kelahiran
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterized by
vascular proliferation and remodeling, resulting in a progressive increase in
pulmonary arterial resistance, right heart failure, and death. The
pathogenesis of PAH is multifactorial, with endothelial cell dysfunction
playing an integral role. This endothelial dysfunction is characterized by an
overproduction of vasoconstrictors and proliferative factors, such as
endothelin-1, and a reduction of vasodilators and antiproliferative factors,
such prostacyclin and nitric oxide. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) is
implicated in this process by inactivating cyclic guanosine monophosphate,
the nitric oxide pathway second messenger. PDE-5 is abundantly
expressed in lung tissue, and appears to be upregulated in PAH.
Three oral PDE-5 inhibitors are available (sildenafil, tadalafil, and
vardenafil) and are the recommended first-line treatment for erectile
dysfunction. Experimental studies have shown the beneficial effects of
PDE-5 inhibitors on pulmonary vascular remodeling and vasodilatation,
justifying their investigation in PAH.
Randomized clinical trials in monotherapy or combination therapy have
been conducted in PAH with sildenafil and tadalafil, which are therefore
currently the approved PDE-5 inhibitors in PAH treatment. Sildenafil and
tadalafil significantly improve clinical status, exercise capacity, and
hemodynamics of PAH patients.
Combination therapy of PDE-5 inhibitors with prostacyclin analogs and
endothelin receptor antagonists may be helpful in the management of PAH
although further studies are needed in this area. The third PDE-5 inhibitor,
vardenafil, is currently being investigated in PAH. Side effects are usually
mild and transient and include headache, flushing, nasal congestion,
digestive disorders, and myalgia. Mild and moderate renal or hepatic
failure does not significantly affect the metabolism of PDE-5 inhibitors,
whereas coadministration of bosentan decreases sildenafil and tadalafil
plasma levels. Due to their clinical effectiveness, tolerance profile, and
their oral administration, sildenafil and tadalafil are two of the
recommended first-line therapies for PAH patients in World Health
Organization functional classes II or III.
Bagaimana aspek legalitasnya?
http://www.guideline.gov
CDC Prevention Guidelines Database Home Page :
http://www.phppo.cdc.gov/cdcrecommends
Cancer Care Ontario Practice Guideline Initiative:
http://www.cancercare.on.ca (FULLTEXT)
Clinical Practice Guideline Portal
www.clinicalguidelines.gov.au
Penutup
Penggunaan obat off-label dimungkinkan dengan sedapat
mungkin didukung clinical evidence yang kuat
Apoteker perlu selalu meng-update informasi obat dan
memahami cara mencari the best evidences
Perlu ditingkatkan komunikasi dengan klinisi, terutama dalam
pemberian obat off-label, sehingga dapat memberi informasi
yang tepat kepada pasien
Pharmacist is long-life learner !! Jangan seperti katak di
bawah tempurung
TERIMAKASIH ATAS
PERHATIANNYA