REAKTOR
REAKTOR
Fungsi : Sebagai tempat terjadinya reaksi antara gas Etilen, Asam Asetat,
dan Oksigen membentuk Vinil Asetat dengan bantuan katalisator
padat Pd (Palladium).
Jenis : Reaktor Fixed bed Multitubular
Fase : Gas
Umpan gas
reaktor rea
Dowtherm A keluar
Dowtherm A masuk
Hasil reaktor
1
Bahan konstruksi reaktor:
Dalam perancangan menggunakan bahan kontruksi stainlees steel SA 167 tipe
316 menurut acuan Brownell & Young (1979) dengan alasan:
1) Memiliki allowale stress cukup besar
2) Bahan tahan korosi
Reaktor fixedbed multitubular menyerupai alat penukar panas yang terdiri dari
shell dan tube vertikal dimana umpan masuk di dalam tube yang berisi katalis
padat dan media pendingin mengalir di shell. Pendingin dialirkan secara
berlawanan arah (counter current) dengan umpan masuk agar transfer panas
yang terjadi lebih efektif.
2
μ = 3,55898 – 0,004212.TA, kg/jam.m
ρ = 1400,16 – 1,0368. TA, kg/m3
k = 0,084355 – 5,8076.10-5.TA, kkal/jam.m.K
Cp = 0,11162 + 0,0003042.TA, kkal/kg.K
T dalam Kelvin
3
3) Panas Reaksi
Komponen ΔHfo
C2H4 52,3
CH3COOH -434,84
O2 0
C4H6O2 -315,7
H2O -241,8
CO2 -393,5
(Reid,1990)
Perhitungan panas reaksi sebagai fungsi suhu (ΔHRT):
T
ΔHR = ΔHR298 +
298
(Cpproduk - Cpreaktan ) dT
4
5) Viskositas Campuran Gas
Viskositas
Komponen
A B C
C2H4 -3,985 3,8726E-01 -1,1227E-04
CH3COOH -28,66 2,3510E-01 2,2087E-04
O2 44,24 5,6000E-01 -1,1300E-04
C4H6O2 -7,462 3,0466E-01 -5,7544E-05
H2O -3,826 4,2900E-01 -1,6200E-05
CO2 11,336 4,9838E-01 -1,0876E-04
(Yaws, 1999)
Viskositas gas sebagai fungsi suhu dihitung dengan menggunakan
persamaan:
µ = A + BT + CT2
µr = YC2H4.µC2H4 + YCH3COOH.µCH3COOH + YO2.µO2 + YC4H6O2.µC4H6O2 +
YH2O.µH2O + YCO2.µCO2
Keterangan:
µ = Viskositas, µP (mikropoise)
µr = Viskositas campuran gas
1 mikropoise = 0,00036 kg/jam.m
6) Konduktivitas Umpan
Konduktivitas
Komponen
A B C
C2H4 -0,00123 3,6219E-05 1,3459E-07
CH3COOH 0,00234 -6,5956E-06 1,1569E-07
O2 0,00121 8,6157E-05 -1,3346E-08
C4H6O2 -0,00846 5,2810E-05 1,7355E-08
H2O 0,00053 4,7093E-05 4,9551E-08
CO2 -0,01183 1,0174E-04 -2,2242E-08
(Yaws, 1999)
5
Konduktivitas umpan sebagai fungsi suhu dihitung dengan menggunakan
persamaan.
k = A + BT + CT2
km = YC2H4.kC2H4 + YCH3COOH.kCH3COOH + YO2.kO2 + YC4H6O2.kC4H6O2 +
YH2O.kH2O + YCO2.kCO2
Keterangan:
k = Konduktivitas panas gas, (W/m.oK)
km = Konduktivitas campuran gas
1 W/m.oK = 1/1,73 Btu/jam.ft. oK
1 Btu/jam.ft. oK = 1,49 kcal/jam.m.oK
6
Maka susunan massa di reaktor pada suatu saat adalah:
Komponen Awal Akhir
C 2 H4 FAo FA = FAo . (x1+x2)
CH3COOH FBo FB = FBo-(FAo.x1)
O2 FCo FC = FCo-(0,5.FAo.x1)-(3.FAo.x2)
C4H6O2 FDo FD = FDo + (FAo.x1)
H2O FEo FE = FEo + (FAo.x1) + (2.FAo.x2)
CO2 FFo FF = FFo + (2.FAo.x2)
7
c) Data Operasional
Diameter luar tube (ODt) = 1,5 in = 0,0381 m
Diameter dalam tube (IDt) = 1,23 in = 0,0312 m
Flow area per tube (a’t) = 1,19 in2 = 0,0302 m2
Suhu referensi (Tref) = 25 oC = 298,15 oK
Jumlah tube (Nt) = 1568
Jumlah tube pass (Ntb) =1
Jumlah shell pass (Nsh) =1
Pitch (Pt) = 1,875 in = 0,0476 cm
Diameter shell (IDs) = 89,125 in = 2,2638 m
Baffle spacing (B) = 22,2813 in = 0,5659 m
d) Data Pendingin
Suhu pendingin masuk (Tp) = 100 oC = 373,15 oK
Suhu pendingin keluar = 152 oC = 425,15 oK
Laju alir pendingin (Wp) = 6.550 kg/jam
8
b) Kinetika Reaksi
Reaksi pembentukan Vinil Asetat dari Asam Asetat dan Etilen dengan
katalis Palladium merupakan reaksi heterogen dalam fase gas
(pereaktan) dan fase padat (katalis). Persamaan kecepatan reaksi
pembentukan Vinil Asetat dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut:
β
rVA = k1.PAα . PC
dimana:
rVA , rCO2 = Laju reaksi, (mol/(litercat.s))
k1, k2 = Konstanta kecepatan reaksi
PA, PC = Tekanan parsial A, C, (kPa)
9
Keterangan:
k1 = 9,7.10-3.exp(-15.000/R.T)
k2 = 5,13.10-4.exp(-21.000/R.T)
(- rA) = rVA + rCO2
NA│z z
∆z
FA│z + ∆z z + ∆z
Ditinjau dalam 1 buah tube, neraca massa dalam elemen volume pada
kondisi steady state untuk reaksi pada tube setelah bereaksi sepanjang
Δz satuan panjang dengan konversi x, persamaan nerasa massa reaktan
dijabarkan sebagai berikut:
Rate of Input – Rate of Output – Rate of Reaction = Rate of Accumulation
1
(FA | z) - (FA | z + Δz) + (- rAtotal . . π . IDt2 . ΔZ . 6 (1 - ɛ)) / dp = 0
4
Kedua ruas dibagi dengan ΔZ, sehingga:
(FA | z z ) - (FA | z ) 1
= - rAtotal . . π . IDt2 . 6 . (1 - ɛ) / dp
Z 4
Dilimitkan dengan Δz → 0
(FA | z z ) - (FA | z ) 1
= - rAtotal . . π . IDt2 . 6 . (1 - ɛ) / dp
lim Z 0 4
dFA 1
= (- rAtotal) . . π . IDt2 . 6 . (1 - ɛ) / dp
dz 4
10
Untuk sejumlah Nt tube, persamaan diatas manjadi:
dFA
= (- rAtotal) . 1 . π . IDt2 . 6 . (1 - ɛ) . Nt / dp
dz 4
Dengan:
FA = FAo . (1 - X) maka
dFA
= - FAo
dx
dFA = - FAo . dx
dFA dx
= - FAo .
dz dz
Sehingga didapat:
(- rAtotal ) . . ID t . 6 . (1 - ) . dp
2
dx
= Nt
dz 4 . FAo
Keterangan:
rAtotal = Kecepatan reaksi total C2H4 terhadap C4H6O2,
yaitu rA1 + rA2 , (kmol/jam/kgcat)
X = Konversi C2H4 menjadi C4H6O2
ɛ = Porositas tumpukan katalis, (m3/ m3)
ρB = Bulk density katalis, (kg/m3)
IDt = Diameter dalam tube, (m)
Nt = Jumlah tube
Z = Tebal tumpukan katalis, (m)
11
b) Neraca Panas pada Elemen Volume
Reaktor fixed bed multitube menyerupai alat penukar panas (heat
exchanger), dimana umpan masuk di dalam tube-tube yang berisi
katalisator dan pendingin mengalir di bagian shell.
Asumsi – asumsi yang diambil:
Perpindahan massa karena difusi diabaikan
Konsentrasi reaktan merata dalam arah aksial
Sistem dalam keadaan steady state
T│z
TA
∆z
T│ z + ∆z
Neraca panas A untuk satu pipa ditinjau pada elemen volume sepanjang
Δz relatif terhadap suhu referensi (25oC)
Rate of Input – Rate of Output – Rate of Reaction = Rate of Accumulation
HZ - ((HZ + ΔZ) + UD . π . IDt . Δz (T - Tc) + FAo . Δx (- HR) = 0
Kedua ruas dibagi ΔZ diperoleh:
Hi Z Z - Hi Z x
= FAo . (- ΔHR) . - UD . π . IDt . (T - Tc)
Z z
Diambil limit ΔZ mendekati nol dan dx/dz dijabarkan, sehingga:
dHi T T
dz
= ((- rA1) . (ΔHoR1 + Tr
ΔCp . dT) + (- rA2) . (ΔHoR2 + Tr
ΔCp . dT)) .
- UD . π . IDt . Δz (T - Tc)
T T
dT
ΣFiCpi = ((- rA1) . (ΔHoR1 + ΔCp . dT) + (- rA2) . (ΔHoR2 + ΔCp . dT)) .
dz Tr Tr
- UD . π . IDt . Δz (T - Tc)
12
dT
=
dz
T T
((- rA1 ) . (H R1 Cp . dT) (- rA2 ) . (H R2 Cp . dT)) U D . . ID t . z (Tc - Tc ))
Tr Tr
FiCpi
Dengan:
T
ΔHproduk =Σ Tr
ni.Cpi.dT
Tr
ΔHreaktan =Σ T
ni.Cpi.dT
Keterangan:
Fi = Laju alir umpan masuk reaktor, (kmol/jam)
Cpi = Kapasitas panas komponen, (kJ/kmol. oK)
(ΔHR) = Panas reaksi, (kJ/kmol)
UD = Koefisien perpindahan panas overall kotor, (kJ/jam.m2. oK)
IDt = Fiameter dalam tube, (m)
Tc = Suhu Pendingin, (oK)
= U D . . ODt . (T - Tc) . Nt
dTc
dz m . Cpc
13
Keterangan:
m = Kecepatan alir pendingin, (kg/jam)
Cpc = Kapasitas panas pendingin, (kJ/kg.oK)
T = Temperature reaksi, (oK)
Tc = Temperature pendingin, (oK)
dP G 2 1 - 150 x (1 - )
- = x 3 x 1.75
dz Dp Dp x G /
PL
G 2 1 - 150 x (1 - ) L
- dP = x 3 x 1.75 dL
P0
Dp Dp x G / 0
G 2 1 - 150 x (1 - )
- (PL - PO) = x 3 x 1.75 L
Dp Dp x G /
(PO - PL ) D 3 150 x (1 - )
x x x = 1.75
G 2
L (1 - ) Dp x G /
dP G 2 1 - 150 x (1 - )
=- x 3 x 1.75
dz Dp Dp x G /
Keterangan:
dP
= Perubahan tekanan per satuan panjang
dz
PO = Tekanan gas pada saat masuk reaktor, (atm)
PL = Tekanan gas setelah keluar reaktor, (atm)
D = Diameter tube, (m)
L = Panjang tube, (m)
G = Kecepatan massa gas, (kg/jam)
ρ = Densitas gas, (kg/m3)
Dp = Diameter partikel katalisator, (m)
14
ɛ = Porositas katalis, (m3/ m3)
µ = Viskositas gas, (kg/m.jam)
Panjang tube diperoleh dari program, panjang tube ditentukan pada saat tercapai
konversi reaksi yang sesuai yaitu 0,10 terhadap Etilen.
Direncankan tube disusun dengan pola triangular pitch, dengan alasan:
1) Turbulensi yang terjadi pada susunan segitiga sama sisi lebih besar
dibandingkan dengan susunan bujur snagkar, karena fluida yang mengalir
diantara pipa yang letaknya berdekatan akan langsung menumbuk pipa yang
terletak pada deretan berikutnya.
2) Koefisien perpindahan panas konveksi (h) pada susunan segitiga 25% lebih
tinggi dibandingkan dengan fluida yang mengalir dalam shell pada sususnan
segi empat. (Ahra, S.W., Perpindahan Panas, p. 7-73)
1
Luas Δ ABC = . AB . CT
C 2
1
= . AB . PT . sin 60
2
1
= . PT . PT sin 60
2
A B
15
Luas daerah Δ ABC tidak diarsir = 1 x Luas penampang tube
2
= 1 x ( 1 . π . ODt2)
2 4
= 1 x ( 1 . 3,14 . 0,03812)
2 4
= 0,0005698 m2
1) Sisi Tube
Luas penampang total (Pers. 7.48, Kern)
Nt . a' t
at =
144 . n
16
Flow rate
Wt
Gt =
at
Keterangan:
A’t = Luas area per tube, (in2)
n = Jumlah pass
Wt = Laju alir reaktan, (lb/jam)
IDt = Diameter dalam tube, (ft)
µt = Viskositas fluida dalam tube, (lb/(ft.jam)
Cpt = Kapasitas panas fluida dalam tube, (Btu/(lb.oF))
kt = Konduktivitas panas fluida dalam tube, (Btu/(jam.ft2(oF/ft))
2) Sisi Shell
Clearence
C’ = PT - ODt
17
WS
Gs =
aS
Diameter ekuivalen
2
4 (PT . 0,5 . 0,86 - 1 . 3,14 . OD t / 4
de =
0,5 . 3,14 . OD t
de
De =
12
Keterangan:
PT = Jarak antar pusat tube, (in)
18
IDs = Diameter dalam shell, (in)
B = Jarak antar baffle, (in)
Wp = Laju alir pendingin, (lb/hr)
µs = Viskositas fluida dalam shell, (lb/(hr.ft))
Cps = Kapasitas panas fluida dalam shell, (Btu/lb.oF))
ks = Konuktivitas panas fluida dalam shell, (Btu/(hr.ft2.(oF/ft))
Rd = Dirt factor, (hr.ft2.oF/Btu)
19
Rep .
Gt =
Dp
kg kg
421,2726 . 0,5126
jam . m jam . m
=
0,00262 m
= 82.381,2532 kg/jam.m2
1
Luas alir 1 tube (at) = π Di2
4
1
= . 3,14. (0,0312 m)2
4
= 0,00077 m2
Keterangan:
Rep = Bilangan Reynold
Gt = Laju alir massa, (kg/m2.jam)
μ = Viskositas katalis, (kg/m.jam)
20
9. Perhitungan Program MATLAB:
%BISMILLAHIRROHMANIRRAHIM
%PROGRAM REAKTOR FIXED BED MULTITUBE
%PRARANCANGAN PABRIK VINIL ASETAT DARI ETILEN, ASAM ASETAT DAN OKSIGEN
%KAPASITAS 80.000 TON/TAHUN
% Keterangan Y
% Y(1) = X
% Y(2) = T
% Y(3) = TP
% Y(4) = P
% A = Etilen
% B = Asam Asetat
% C = O2
% D = Vinil Asetat
% E = H2O
% F = CO2
% REAKSI
% Rx.1 : C2H4 + CH3COOH + 0.5 O2 -----> VAM + H2O
% Rx.2 : C2H4 + 3 O2 -----> 2 CO2 + 2 H2O
21
PTin = 1.875; % pitch (inch)
Pt = PTin*0.0254; % pitch (m)
C = Pt-ODT ; % clearance (inch)
B = 0.25*IDS ; % Baffle spacing (inch)
phi = 3.14;
% DATA PENDINGIN
WP = 6550; % Lajur alir pendingin (kg/jam)
RD = 0.0011; % Dirt factor (jam m2 K/kJ); Tabel 12 Kern
CPP = 0.9470274; % Kapasitas panas pendingin (kj/kg K)
VP = 1.9704242; % Viskositas pendingin (kg/m jam)
KP = 0.2612930; % Konduktivitas pendingin (kj/m jam K)
Tc_ = 302; % oF
tc_ = 212; % oF
% MENYUSUN PD
Zo = (0:0.01:5)';
Yo = [Xo To TPo Po];
[Z, Y] = ode45('reaktor_fixed',Zo,Yo);
X = Y(:,1);
T = Y(:,2);
TP = Y(:,3);
pi = Y(:,4);
P = pi./1013.25;
X1 = 0.89*X; % Konversi etilen pada reaksi 1
X2 = 0.11*X; % Konversi etilen pada reaksi 2
FA = FAo*(1-X);
FB = FBo-(FAo*X1);
FC = FCo-((0.5*FAo*X1)+(3*FAo*X2));
FD = FDo+(FAo*0.89*X);
FE = FEo+(FAo*(X1+(2*X2)));
FF = FFo+(2*FAo*X2);
figure(1)
plot(Y(:,1),Z)
title('Distribusi Konversi')
xlabel('Konversi')
ylabel('Panjang (m)')
set(gca,'XTick',0.01:0.01:0.11);
set(gca,'YTick',0.5:0.5:5);
grid on;
figure(2)
plot(Z,Y(:,2))
title('Distribusi Suhu Reaktor')
xlabel('Panjang (m)')
ylabel('Suhu (K)')
grid on;
figure(3)
22
plot(Z,Y(:,3))
title('Distribusi Suhu Pendingin')
xlabel('Panjang (m)')
ylabel('Suhu (K)')
grid on;
figure(4)
plot(Z,FA,'m')
hold on
plot(Z,FB,'g')
hold on
plot (Z,FC,'k')
hold on
plot(Z,FD,'r')
hold on
plot(Z,FF, 'c')
hold on
plot(Z,FE,'b')
hold off
legend('Etilen','Asam Asetat','Oksigen', 'Vinil Asetat','CO2','H2O')
title('Komposisi')
xlabel('Panjang (m)')
ylabel('mol')
grid on;
h = Z(437);
23
t_h = 0.9375*0.0254; % meter
a_ = IDSin / 2;
AB_ = a_ - icr;
BC_ = r_c - icr;
AC_ = (BC_^2 -AB_^2)^0.5;
sf_ = 2; % inch
b_ = r_c - AC_;
h_hin = t_h + b_ + sf_; % inch
h_h = h_hin*0.0254; % tinggi head; meter
h_h2 = 0.5*h_h; % jarak antar head; meter
h_reaktor = h + (2*h_h) + (2*(0.5*h_h)); % tinggi meter
h_s = Z(437)+(2*h_h2);
vol_h = 0.000049*IDSin^3; % ft3
vol_hm = vol_h*(0.3048^3); % m3
vol_s = 0.25*phi*IDS^2*h_s; % m3
vol_reaktor = vol_s + 2*vol_hm; % m3
disp(' ')
% Cek Hasil
disp('==================================================================')
disp('----------------------------RESUME================================')
disp('==================================================================')
disp(['Panjang Tube (h) = ', num2str(h) ' m'])
disp(['Jumlah Tube = ', num2str(Nt) ])
disp(['Diameter Shell = ', num2str(IDS) ' m'])
disp(['Suhu Gas Masuk Reaktor (To) = ' num2str(To) ' K'])
Tout = Y(437,2);
disp(['Suhu Gas Keluar Reaktor (Tout) = ', num2str(Tout) ' K'])
disp(['Suhu Pendingin Masuk (TPo) = ', num2str(TPo) ' K'])
Tpout = Y(437,3);
disp(['Suhu Pendingin Keluar (TPout) = ', num2str(Tpout) ' K'])
pressuredrop = Poo-P(437);
disp(['Pressure Drop = ', num2str(pressuredrop) ' atm'])
disp(['Waktu Tinggal = ', num2str(t) ' detik'])
disp(['Berat Katalis = ', num2str(W/1000) ' ton'])
disp(['Volume Bed Katalis Keseluruhan = ', num2str(Vbed_all) ' m3'])
disp(['Volume Bed Katalis Per Tube = ', num2str(Vbed_pertube) ' m3'])
disp(['Hi = ', num2str(HI) ' Btu/hr.ft2.oF'])
disp(['Ho = ', num2str(HO) ' Btu/hr.ft2.oF'])
disp(['Uc = ', num2str(UC) ' Btu/hr.ft2.oF'])
disp(['Ud = ', num2str(UD_hit) ' Btu/hr.ft2.oF'])
disp(' ')
disp('==================================================================')
disp('---------------------------KOMPOSISI------------------------------')
disp('==================================================================')
disp('Masuk')
disp(['Etilen (FAo) = ' num2str(FAo) ' kmol/jam'])
disp(['Asam Asetat (FBo) = ' num2str(FBo) ' kmol/jam'])
disp(['Oksigen (FCo) = ' num2str(FCo) ' kmol/jam'])
disp(['Vinil Asetat (FDo) = ' num2str(FDo) ' kmol/jam'])
disp(['Air (FEo) = ' num2str(FEo) ' kmol/jam'])
disp(['Karbondioksida (FFo) = ' num2str(FFo) ' kmol/jam'])
disp('Keluar')
disp(['Etilen (FA) = ' num2str(FA(437)) ' kmol/jam'])
disp(['Asam Asetat (FB) = ' num2str(FB(437)) ' kmol/jam'])
disp(['Oksigen (FC) = ' num2str(FC(437)) ' kmol/jam'])
disp(['Vinil Asetat (FD) = ' num2str(FD(437)) ' kmol/jam'])
disp(['Air (FE) = ' num2str(FE(437)) ' kmol/jam'])
disp(['Karbondioksida (FF) = ' num2str(FF(437)) ' kmol/jam'])
24
disp(' ')
disp('==================================================================')
disp('------------------------DIMENSI REAKTOR---------------------------')
disp('==================================================================')
disp(['Baffle Space = ', num2str(Baffle_sp) ' m'])
disp(['Diameter Ekivalen Tube = ', num2str(Deq) ' m'])
disp(['Diameter Rerata Tube = ', num2str(Drattube) ' m'])
disp(['Tebal Shell = ', num2str(tebal_s) ' m =
',num2str(tebal_sin) ' inch (disesuaikan dengan diameter pipa standar)'])
disp(['Tebal Head = ', num2str(t_h) ' m = '
num2str(t_hin) ' inch (disesuaikan dengan diameter pipa standar)'])
disp(['Tinggi Head = ', num2str(h_h) ' m '])
disp(['Tinggi Reaktor = ', num2str(h_reaktor) ' m'])
disp(['Volume Reaktor = ', num2str(vol_reaktor) ' m3 '])
disp('==================================================================')
function dYdZ=reaktor_fixed(~,Y)
global FAo FBo FCo FDo FEo FFo To TPo IDT ODT
global IDS Nt Ntb WT Pt C B WP Nsh RD CPP VP Tr RG DHR Dp RHO
global eps DHR1 DHR2 Ret Res FA FD FE FF UC UD HI HIO QR HO UD_hit
global HO_tebak Qtube QP Cprat1
% Keterangan Y
% Y(1) = X
% Y(2) = T
% Y(3) = TP
% Y(4) = P
% A = Etilen
% B = Asam Asetat
% C = O2
% D = Vinil Asetat
% E = H2O
% F = CO2
% REAKSI
% Rx.1 : C2H4 + CH3COOH + 0.5 O2 -----> VAM + H2O
% Rx.2 : C2H4 + 3 O2 -----> 2 CO2 + 2 H2O
% NERACA MOL
X1 = 0.89*(Y(1)); % konversi etilen pada reaksi 1
X2 = 0.11*(Y(1)); % konversi etilen pada reaksi 2
FA = FAo*(1-Y(1));
FB = FBo-(FAo*X1);
FC = FCo-((0.5*FAo*X1)+(3*FAo*X2));
FD = FDo+(FAo*0.89*(Y(1)));
FE = FEo+(FAo*(X1+(2*X2)));
FF = FFo+(2*FAo*X2);
FT = FA+FB+FC+FD+FE+FF;
25
% FRAKSI MOL KOMPONEN
ymolA = FA/FT;
ymolB = FB/FT;
ymolC = FC/FT;
ymolD = FD/FT;
ymolE = FE/FT;
ymolF = FF/FT;
% DATA Cp (kJ/kmol.K)
CPA = [32.083 -1.4831e-2 2.4774e-4 -2.3766e-7 6.8274e-11];
CPB = [34.85 3.7626e-2 2.8311e-4 -3.0767e-7 9.2646e-11];
CPC = [29.526 -8.8999e-3 3.8083e-5 -3.2629e-8 8.8607e-12];
CPD = [27.664 2.3366e-1 6.2106e-5 -1.6972e-7 5.7917e-11];
CPE = [33.933 -8.4186e-3 2.9906e-5 -1.7825e-8 3.6934e-12];
CPF = [27.437 4.2315e-2 -1.9555e-5 3.9968e-9 -2.9872e-13];
CPTotal = [CPA; CPB; CPC; CPD; CPE; CPF];
fraksimol = [ymolA; ymolB; ymolC; ymolD; ymolE; ymolF];
% MENGHITUNG Cp KOMPONEN
Tantoine = [1 Y(2) Y(2)^2 Y(2)^3 Y(2)^4]';
CPi = CPTotal*Tantoine;
Cprat = CPi'*fraksimol;
Tling = [1 303 303^2 303^3 303^4]';
Cpling = CPTotal*Tling;
Cprat1 = Cpling'*fraksimol;
26
INTz = [Y(2)-Tr 1/2*(Y(2)^2-Tr^2) 1/3*(Y(2)^3-Tr^3) 1/4*(Y(2)^4-
Tr^4) 1/5*(Y(2)^5-Tr^5)]';
ICPTz = CPTotal*INTz;
% MENGHITUNG DELTA Cp
DELTA(1) = CPD(1)+CPE(1)+CPF(1)-CPA(1)-CPB(1)-CPC(1);
DELTA(2) = CPD(2)+CPE(2)+CPF(2)-CPA(2)-CPB(2)-CPC(2);
DELTA(3) = CPD(3)+CPE(3)+CPF(3)-CPA(3)-CPB(3)-CPC(3);
DELTA(4) = CPD(4)+CPE(4)+CPF(4)-CPA(4)-CPB(4)-CPC(4);
DELTA(5) = CPD(5)+CPE(5)+CPF(5)-CPA(5)-CPB(5)-CPC(5);
DELTACPi = [DELTA(1) DELTA(2) DELTA(3) DELTA(4) DELTA(5)];
DELTACPz = DELTACPi*INTz;
% PANAS
Qin = FAo*ICPT0(1)+FBo*ICPT0(2)+FCo*ICPT0;
Qout = FA*ICPTz(1)+FB*ICPTz(2)+FC*ICPTz(3)+FD*ICPTz(4)+FE*ICPTz
(5)+FF*ICPTz(6);
DHR = DHR1 + DHR2;
QR = FAo*(DHR+DELTACPz);
Qtube = Qout+QR-Qin;
QP = WP*CPP*(Y(3)-TPo);
FCp = FA*CPi(1)+FB*CPi(2)+FC*CPi(3)+FD*CPi(4)+FE*CPi(5)+FF*CPi(6);
27
Res = Des*Gs/VP;
Ret = IDT*Gt/Vrat';
Krat_ = Krat; % Btu/hr.ft.F
Vrat_ = Vrat; % lb/ft.hr
Cprat_ = Cprat/BMRATA; % Btu/lb.F
HI = 0.027*(IDT*Gt/Vrat_)^0.8*(Cprat_*Vrat_/Krat_)^(1/3)
*(Krat_/IDT); % Btu/hr.ft2.oF; Pers 6.2
Kern p.103
HIO = HI*(IDT/ODT);
HO_tebak = 100;
HO = fzero('ho_trial', HO_tebak); %Btu/hr.ft2.F; dari
Fig.15.11 Kern p.474
UC = (HIO*HO)/(HIO+HO); % Btu/hr.ft2.F
UD_hit = UC/(1+(RD*UC)); % Btu/hr.ft2.F
UD = UD_hit*1.055; % kJ/m2.hr.K
% KECEPATAN REAKSI
K1 = (9.7e-3*3.6*exp(-1804.1857/(Y(2)))); %kmol/kgcat.jam
K2 = (5.13e-4*3.6*exp(-2525.8559/(Y(2)))); %kmol/kgcat.jam
PA = ymolA*Y(4);
PC = ymolC*Y(4);
RHO = (Y(4)*BMRATA)/(RG*Y(2));
R1 = K1*(PA.^0.36)*(PC.^0.2);
R2 = K2*(PA.^-0.29)*(PC.^0.85);
Rtotal = R1 + R2;
ALT = ((pi/4)*IDT^2*6*(1-eps))*Nt;
B1 = UD*pi*IDT*(Y(3)-Y(2));
B2 = UD*pi*ODT*(Y(2)-Y(3));
% PERSAMAAN DIFERENSIAL
dYdZ(1) = ALT*Rtotal/(FAo*Dp);
dYdZ(2) = (((-(DHR1+DELTACPz)*R1)+(-(DHR2+DELTACPz)*R2))-
(B1*Nt))/FCp;
dYdZ(3) = (B2*Nt)/(WP*CPP);
dYdZ(4) = -((150*(1-eps)*(Vrat)/Dp/Gt)+1.75)+(Gt^2*(1-
eps)/RHO*IDT*eps^3)/3600^2/1.01325e4;
dYdZ = dYdZ';
28
0.11 0.0027 424.12 400.17 9.8698
0.12 0.0030 424.18 401.79 9.8698
0.13 0.0032 424.23 403.29 9.8698
0.14 0.0035 424.28 404.70 9.8698
0.15 0.0037 424.33 406.00 9.8697
0.16 0.0040 424.37 407.21 9.8697
0.17 0.0043 424.41 408.34 9.8697
0.18 0.0045 424.45 409.39 9.8697
0.19 0.0048 424.49 410.37 9.8697
0.20 0.0050 424.52 411.28 9.8697
0.21 0.0053 424.55 412.14 9.8696
0.22 0.0055 424.58 412.95 9.8696
0.23 0.0058 424.61 413.71 9.8696
0.24 0.0060 424.63 414.44 9.8696
0.25 0.0063 424.66 415.12 9.8696
0.26 0.0065 424.68 415.77 9.8695
0.27 0.0068 424.70 416.37 9.8695
0.28 0.0070 424.73 416.93 9.8695
0.29 0.0073 424.74 417.46 9.8695
0.30 0.0075 424.76 417.95 9.8695
0.31 0.0078 424.78 418.41 9.8695
0.32 0.0080 424.80 418.84 9.8694
0.33 0.0083 424.81 419.24 9.8694
0.34 0.0085 424.82 419.61 9.8694
0.35 0.0088 424.84 419.95 9.8694
0.36 0.0090 424.85 420.27 9.8694
0.37 0.0093 424.86 420.57 9.8694
0.38 0.0095 424.87 420.85 9.8693
0.39 0.0098 424.88 421.11 9.8693
0.40 0.0100 424.89 421.35 9.8693
0.41 0.0103 424.90 421.59 9.8693
0.42 0.0105 424.91 421.80 9.8693
0.43 0.0107 424.91 422.01 9.8693
0.44 0.0110 424.92 422.21 9.8692
0.45 0.0112 424.93 422.40 9.8692
0.46 0.0115 424.93 422.57 9.8692
0.47 0.0117 424.94 422.74 9.8692
0.48 0.0120 424.95 422.89 9.8692
0.49 0.0122 424.95 423.04 9.8691
0.50 0.0125 424.96 423.17 9.8691
0.51 0.0127 424.96 423.30 9.8691
0.52 0.0130 424.97 423.41 9.8691
0.53 0.0132 424.97 423.52 9.8691
0.54 0.0135 424.98 423.62 9.8691
0.55 0.0137 424.98 423.71 9.8690
0.56 0.0140 424.98 423.79 9.8690
0.57 0.0142 424.99 423.87 9.8690
0.58 0.0145 424.99 423.94 9.8690
0.59 0.0147 424.99 424.00 9.8690
0.60 0.0150 424.99 424.06 9.8690
0.61 0.0152 425.00 424.11 9.8689
0.62 0.0155 425.00 424.16 9.8689
0.63 0.0157 425.00 424.21 9.8689
0.64 0.0160 425.00 424.26 9.8689
0.65 0.0162 425.00 424.30 9.8689
0.66 0.0165 425.01 424.35 9.8689
0.67 0.0167 425.01 424.39 9.8688
0.68 0.0169 425.01 424.44 9.8688
0.69 0.0172 425.01 424.48 9.8688
0.70 0.0174 425.01 424.52 9.8688
0.71 0.0177 425.02 424.56 9.8688
0.72 0.0179 425.02 424.59 9.8687
0.73 0.0182 425.02 424.63 9.8687
29
0.74 0.0184 425.02 424.66 9.8687
0.75 0.0187 425.02 424.69 9.8687
0.76 0.0189 425.02 424.71 9.8687
0.77 0.0192 425.03 424.74 9.8687
0.78 0.0194 425.03 424.76 9.8686
0.79 0.0197 425.03 424.78 9.8686
0.80 0.0199 425.03 424.80 9.8686
0.81 0.0201 425.03 424.82 9.8686
0.82 0.0204 425.03 424.83 9.8686
0.83 0.0206 425.03 424.84 9.8686
0.84 0.0209 425.03 424.85 9.8685
0.85 0.0211 425.03 424.86 9.8685
0.86 0.0214 425.03 424.87 9.8685
0.87 0.0216 425.04 424.88 9.8685
0.88 0.0219 425.04 424.88 9.8685
0.89 0.0221 425.04 424.88 9.8685
0.90 0.0224 425.04 424.89 9.8684
0.91 0.0226 425.04 424.89 9.8684
0.92 0.0228 425.04 424.90 9.8684
0.93 0.0231 425.04 424.90 9.8684
0.94 0.0233 425.04 424.91 9.8684
0.95 0.0236 425.04 424.91 9.8683
0.96 0.0238 425.04 424.92 9.8683
0.97 0.0241 425.04 424.93 9.8683
0.98 0.0243 425.04 424.94 9.8683
0.99 0.0246 425.04 424.95 9.8683
1.00 0.0248 425.04 424.96 9.8683
1.01 0.0250 425.04 424.97 9.8682
1.02 0.0253 425.05 424.98 9.8682
1.03 0.0255 425.05 424.99 9.8682
1.04 0.0258 425.05 424.99 9.8682
1.05 0.0260 425.05 425.00 9.8682
1.06 0.0263 425.05 425.01 9.8682
1.07 0.0265 425.05 425.02 9.8681
1.08 0.0267 425.05 425.02 9.8681
1.09 0.0270 425.05 425.03 9.8681
1.10 0.0272 425.05 425.03 9.8681
1.11 0.0275 425.05 425.04 9.8681
1.12 0.0277 425.05 425.04 9.8681
1.13 0.0280 425.05 425.04 9.8680
1.14 0.0282 425.05 425.05 9.8680
1.15 0.0284 425.05 425.05 9.8680
1.16 0.0287 425.05 425.05 9.8680
1.17 0.0289 425.05 425.05 9.8680
1.18 0.0292 425.06 425.05 9.8679
1.19 0.0294 425.06 425.05 9.8679
1.20 0.0296 425.06 425.05 9.8679
1.21 0.0299 425.06 425.04 9.8679
1.22 0.0301 425.06 425.04 9.8679
1.23 0.0304 425.06 425.04 9.8679
1.24 0.0306 425.06 425.04 9.8678
1.25 0.0309 425.06 425.03 9.8678
1.26 0.0311 425.06 425.03 9.8678
1.27 0.0313 425.06 425.03 9.8678
1.28 0.0316 425.06 425.03 9.8678
1.29 0.0318 425.06 425.02 9.8678
1.30 0.0321 425.06 425.02 9.8677
1.31 0.0323 425.06 425.02 9.8677
1.32 0.0325 425.06 425.02 9.8677
1.33 0.0328 425.06 425.02 9.8677
1.34 0.0330 425.06 425.02 9.8677
1.35 0.0333 425.06 425.02 9.8677
1.36 0.0335 425.06 425.02 9.8676
30
1.37 0.0337 425.06 425.03 9.8676
1.38 0.0340 425.06 425.03 9.8676
1.39 0.0342 425.06 425.04 9.8676
1.40 0.0345 425.06 425.04 9.8676
1.41 0.0347 425.07 425.05 9.8675
1.42 0.0349 425.07 425.05 9.8675
1.43 0.0352 425.07 425.06 9.8675
1.44 0.0354 425.07 425.06 9.8675
1.45 0.0356 425.07 425.06 9.8675
1.46 0.0359 425.07 425.07 9.8675
1.47 0.0361 425.07 425.07 9.8674
1.48 0.0364 425.07 425.08 9.8674
1.49 0.0366 425.07 425.08 9.8674
1.50 0.0368 425.07 425.09 9.8674
1.51 0.0371 425.07 425.09 9.8674
1.52 0.0373 425.07 425.09 9.8674
1.53 0.0376 425.07 425.09 9.8673
1.54 0.0378 425.07 425.10 9.8673
1.55 0.0380 425.07 425.10 9.8673
1.56 0.0383 425.07 425.10 9.8673
1.57 0.0385 425.07 425.10 9.8673
1.58 0.0387 425.07 425.10 9.8673
1.59 0.0390 425.08 425.10 9.8672
1.60 0.0392 425.08 425.10 9.8672
1.61 0.0395 425.08 425.10 9.8672
1.62 0.0397 425.08 425.10 9.8672
1.63 0.0399 425.08 425.10 9.8672
1.64 0.0402 425.08 425.09 9.8671
1.65 0.0404 425.08 425.09 9.8671
1.66 0.0406 425.08 425.09 9.8671
1.67 0.0409 425.08 425.08 9.8671
1.68 0.0411 425.08 425.08 9.8671
1.69 0.0413 425.08 425.08 9.8671
1.70 0.0416 425.08 425.07 9.8670
1.71 0.0418 425.08 425.07 9.8670
1.72 0.0421 425.08 425.07 9.8670
1.73 0.0423 425.08 425.06 9.8670
1.74 0.0425 425.08 425.06 9.8670
1.75 0.0428 425.08 425.06 9.8670
1.76 0.0430 425.08 425.05 9.8669
1.77 0.0432 425.08 425.05 9.8669
1.78 0.0435 425.08 425.05 9.8669
1.79 0.0437 425.08 425.04 9.8669
1.80 0.0439 425.08 425.04 9.8669
1.81 0.0442 425.08 425.04 9.8669
1.82 0.0444 425.08 425.04 9.8668
1.83 0.0446 425.08 425.04 9.8668
1.84 0.0449 425.08 425.04 9.8668
1.85 0.0451 425.08 425.04 9.8668
1.86 0.0453 425.08 425.05 9.8668
1.87 0.0456 425.09 425.05 9.8667
1.88 0.0458 425.09 425.05 9.8667
1.89 0.0460 425.09 425.06 9.8667
1.90 0.0463 425.09 425.06 9.8667
1.91 0.0465 425.09 425.07 9.8667
1.92 0.0467 425.09 425.07 9.8667
1.93 0.0470 425.09 425.08 9.8666
1.94 0.0472 425.09 425.08 9.8666
1.95 0.0474 425.09 425.09 9.8666
1.96 0.0477 425.09 425.09 9.8666
1.97 0.0479 425.09 425.10 9.8666
1.98 0.0481 425.09 425.10 9.8666
1.99 0.0484 425.09 425.10 9.8665
31
2.00 0.0486 425.09 425.11 9.8665
2.01 0.0488 425.09 425.11 9.8665
2.02 0.0491 425.09 425.11 9.8665
2.03 0.0493 425.09 425.12 9.8665
2.04 0.0495 425.10 425.12 9.8665
2.05 0.0498 425.10 425.12 9.8664
2.06 0.0500 425.10 425.12 9.8664
2.07 0.0502 425.10 425.12 9.8664
2.08 0.0505 425.10 425.12 9.8664
2.09 0.0507 425.10 425.12 9.8664
2.10 0.0509 425.10 425.12 9.8663
2.11 0.0512 425.10 425.12 9.8663
2.12 0.0514 425.10 425.12 9.8663
2.13 0.0516 425.10 425.12 9.8663
2.14 0.0518 425.10 425.12 9.8663
2.15 0.0521 425.10 425.11 9.8663
2.16 0.0523 425.10 425.11 9.8662
2.17 0.0525 425.10 425.11 9.8662
2.18 0.0528 425.10 425.10 9.8662
2.19 0.0530 425.10 425.10 9.8662
2.20 0.0532 425.10 425.10 9.8662
2.21 0.0535 425.10 425.09 9.8662
2.22 0.0537 425.10 425.09 9.8661
2.23 0.0539 425.10 425.08 9.8661
2.24 0.0542 425.10 425.08 9.8661
2.25 0.0544 425.10 425.08 9.8661
2.26 0.0546 425.10 425.07 9.8661
2.27 0.0548 425.10 425.07 9.8661
2.28 0.0551 425.10 425.07 9.8660
2.29 0.0553 425.10 425.06 9.8660
2.30 0.0555 425.10 425.06 9.8660
2.31 0.0558 425.10 425.06 9.8660
2.32 0.0560 425.11 425.06 9.8660
2.33 0.0562 425.11 425.06 9.8659
2.34 0.0564 425.11 425.06 9.8659
2.35 0.0567 425.11 425.06 9.8659
2.36 0.0569 425.11 425.07 9.8659
2.37 0.0571 425.11 425.07 9.8659
2.38 0.0574 425.11 425.08 9.8659
2.39 0.0576 425.11 425.08 9.8658
2.40 0.0578 425.11 425.08 9.8658
2.41 0.0580 425.11 425.09 9.8658
2.42 0.0583 425.11 425.09 9.8658
2.43 0.0585 425.11 425.10 9.8658
2.44 0.0587 425.11 425.10 9.8658
2.45 0.0590 425.11 425.11 9.8657
2.46 0.0592 425.11 425.11 9.8657
2.47 0.0594 425.11 425.12 9.8657
2.48 0.0596 425.11 425.12 9.8657
2.49 0.0599 425.11 425.13 9.8657
2.50 0.0601 425.11 425.13 9.8657
2.51 0.0603 425.12 425.13 9.8656
2.52 0.0605 425.12 425.14 9.8656
2.53 0.0608 425.12 425.14 9.8656
2.54 0.0610 425.12 425.14 9.8656
2.55 0.0612 425.12 425.14 9.8656
2.56 0.0614 425.12 425.14 9.8655
2.57 0.0617 425.12 425.15 9.8655
2.58 0.0619 425.12 425.15 9.8655
2.59 0.0621 425.12 425.15 9.8655
2.60 0.0623 425.12 425.14 9.8655
2.61 0.0626 425.12 425.14 9.8655
2.62 0.0628 425.12 425.14 9.8654
32
2.63 0.0630 425.12 425.14 9.8654
2.64 0.0632 425.12 425.14 9.8654
2.65 0.0635 425.12 425.14 9.8654
2.66 0.0637 425.12 425.13 9.8654
2.67 0.0639 425.12 425.13 9.8654
2.68 0.0641 425.12 425.13 9.8653
2.69 0.0644 425.12 425.12 9.8653
2.70 0.0646 425.12 425.12 9.8653
2.71 0.0648 425.12 425.11 9.8653
2.72 0.0650 425.12 425.11 9.8653
2.73 0.0653 425.12 425.11 9.8653
2.74 0.0655 425.12 425.10 9.8652
2.75 0.0657 425.12 425.10 9.8652
2.76 0.0659 425.12 425.09 9.8652
2.77 0.0662 425.12 425.09 9.8652
2.78 0.0664 425.13 425.09 9.8652
2.79 0.0666 425.13 425.09 9.8651
2.80 0.0668 425.13 425.08 9.8651
2.81 0.0671 425.13 425.08 9.8651
2.82 0.0673 425.13 425.08 9.8651
2.83 0.0675 425.13 425.08 9.8651
2.84 0.0677 425.13 425.08 9.8651
2.85 0.0679 425.13 425.09 9.8650
2.86 0.0682 425.13 425.09 9.8650
2.87 0.0684 425.13 425.09 9.8650
2.88 0.0686 425.13 425.10 9.8650
2.89 0.0688 425.13 425.10 9.8650
2.90 0.0691 425.13 425.11 9.8650
2.91 0.0693 425.13 425.11 9.8649
2.92 0.0695 425.13 425.12 9.8649
2.93 0.0697 425.13 425.12 9.8649
2.94 0.0699 425.13 425.13 9.8649
2.95 0.0702 425.13 425.13 9.8649
2.96 0.0704 425.13 425.14 9.8649
2.97 0.0706 425.13 425.14 9.8648
2.98 0.0708 425.14 425.14 9.8648
2.99 0.0710 425.14 425.15 9.8648
3.00 0.0713 425.14 425.15 9.8648
3.01 0.0715 425.14 425.16 9.8648
3.02 0.0717 425.14 425.16 9.8647
3.03 0.0719 425.14 425.16 9.8647
3.04 0.0721 425.14 425.16 9.8647
3.05 0.0724 425.14 425.16 9.8647
3.06 0.0726 425.14 425.17 9.8647
3.07 0.0728 425.14 425.17 9.8647
3.08 0.0730 425.14 425.17 9.8646
3.09 0.0732 425.14 425.17 9.8646
3.10 0.0735 425.14 425.17 9.8646
3.11 0.0737 425.14 425.17 9.8646
3.12 0.0739 425.14 425.16 9.8646
3.13 0.0741 425.14 425.16 9.8646
3.14 0.0743 425.14 425.16 9.8645
3.15 0.0746 425.14 425.16 9.8645
3.16 0.0748 425.14 425.15 9.8645
3.17 0.0750 425.14 425.15 9.8645
3.18 0.0752 425.14 425.15 9.8645
3.19 0.0754 425.14 425.14 9.8645
3.20 0.0756 425.14 425.14 9.8644
3.21 0.0759 425.14 425.14 9.8644
3.22 0.0761 425.14 425.13 9.8644
3.23 0.0763 425.14 425.13 9.8644
3.24 0.0765 425.14 425.12 9.8644
3.25 0.0767 425.15 425.12 9.8643
33
3.26 0.0769 425.15 425.12 9.8643
3.27 0.0772 425.15 425.11 9.8643
3.28 0.0774 425.15 425.11 9.8643
3.29 0.0776 425.15 425.11 9.8643
3.30 0.0778 425.15 425.10 9.8643
3.31 0.0780 425.15 425.10 9.8642
3.32 0.0782 425.15 425.10 9.8642
3.33 0.0785 425.15 425.10 9.8642
3.34 0.0787 425.15 425.10 9.8642
3.35 0.0789 425.15 425.11 9.8642
3.36 0.0791 425.15 425.11 9.8642
3.37 0.0793 425.15 425.11 9.8641
3.38 0.0795 425.15 425.12 9.8641
3.39 0.0798 425.15 425.12 9.8641
3.40 0.0800 425.15 425.13 9.8641
3.41 0.0802 425.15 425.13 9.8641
3.42 0.0804 425.15 425.14 9.8641
3.43 0.0806 425.15 425.14 9.8640
3.44 0.0808 425.15 425.15 9.8640
3.45 0.0810 425.15 425.15 9.8640
3.46 0.0813 425.15 425.16 9.8640
3.47 0.0815 425.16 425.16 9.8640
3.48 0.0817 425.16 425.17 9.8639
3.49 0.0819 425.16 425.17 9.8639
3.50 0.0821 425.16 425.17 9.8639
3.51 0.0823 425.16 425.18 9.8639
3.52 0.0825 425.16 425.18 9.8639
3.53 0.0828 425.16 425.18 9.8639
3.54 0.0830 425.16 425.18 9.8638
3.55 0.0832 425.16 425.19 9.8638
3.56 0.0834 425.16 425.19 9.8638
3.57 0.0836 425.16 425.19 9.8638
3.58 0.0838 425.16 425.19 9.8638
3.59 0.0840 425.16 425.19 9.8638
3.60 0.0842 425.16 425.19 9.8637
3.61 0.0845 425.16 425.19 9.8637
3.62 0.0847 425.16 425.18 9.8637
3.63 0.0849 425.16 425.18 9.8637
3.64 0.0851 425.16 425.18 9.8637
3.65 0.0853 425.16 425.18 9.8637
3.66 0.0855 425.16 425.17 9.8636
3.67 0.0857 425.16 425.17 9.8636
3.68 0.0859 425.16 425.17 9.8636
3.69 0.0861 425.16 425.16 9.8636
3.70 0.0864 425.16 425.16 9.8636
3.71 0.0866 425.16 425.16 9.8636
3.72 0.0868 425.16 425.15 9.8635
3.73 0.0870 425.16 425.15 9.8635
3.74 0.0872 425.17 425.14 9.8635
3.75 0.0874 425.17 425.14 9.8635
3.76 0.0876 425.17 425.14 9.8635
3.77 0.0878 425.17 425.13 9.8634
3.78 0.0880 425.17 425.13 9.8634
3.79 0.0883 425.17 425.13 9.8634
3.80 0.0885 425.17 425.12 9.8634
3.81 0.0887 425.17 425.12 9.8634
3.82 0.0889 425.17 425.12 9.8634
3.83 0.0891 425.17 425.12 9.8633
3.84 0.0893 425.17 425.12 9.8633
3.85 0.0895 425.17 425.13 9.8633
3.86 0.0897 425.17 425.13 9.8633
3.87 0.0899 425.17 425.13 9.8633
3.88 0.0901 425.17 425.14 9.8633
34
3.89 0.0903 425.17 425.14 9.8632
3.90 0.0906 425.17 425.15 9.8632
3.91 0.0908 425.17 425.15 9.8632
3.92 0.0910 425.17 425.16 9.8632
3.93 0.0912 425.17 425.16 9.8632
3.94 0.0914 425.17 425.17 9.8632
3.95 0.0916 425.17 425.17 9.8631
3.96 0.0918 425.17 425.18 9.8631
3.97 0.0920 425.18 425.18 9.8631
3.98 0.0922 425.18 425.19 9.8631
3.99 0.0924 425.18 425.19 9.8631
4.00 0.0926 425.18 425.19 9.8630
4.01 0.0928 425.18 425.20 9.8630
4.02 0.0930 425.18 425.20 9.8630
4.03 0.0932 425.18 425.20 9.8630
4.04 0.0934 425.18 425.20 9.8630
4.05 0.0937 425.18 425.21 9.8630
4.06 0.0939 425.18 425.21 9.8629
4.07 0.0941 425.18 425.21 9.8629
4.08 0.0943 425.18 425.21 9.8629
4.09 0.0945 425.18 425.21 9.8629
4.10 0.0947 425.18 425.21 9.8629
4.11 0.0949 425.18 425.21 9.8629
4.12 0.0951 425.18 425.20 9.8628
4.13 0.0953 425.18 425.20 9.8628
4.14 0.0955 425.18 425.20 9.8628
4.15 0.0957 425.18 425.20 9.8628
4.16 0.0959 425.18 425.19 9.8628
4.17 0.0961 425.18 425.19 9.8628
4.18 0.0963 425.18 425.19 9.8627
4.19 0.0965 425.18 425.18 9.8627
4.20 0.0967 425.18 425.18 9.8627
4.21 0.0969 425.18 425.18 9.8627
4.22 0.0971 425.18 425.17 9.8627
4.23 0.0973 425.18 425.17 9.8626
4.24 0.0975 425.18 425.16 9.8626
4.25 0.0977 425.18 425.16 9.8626
4.26 0.0979 425.19 425.16 9.8626
4.27 0.0981 425.19 425.15 9.8626
4.28 0.0983 425.19 425.15 9.8626
4.29 0.0985 425.19 425.15 9.8625
4.30 0.0988 425.19 425.14 9.8625
4.31 0.0990 425.19 425.14 9.8625
4.32 0.0992 425.19 425.14 9.8625
4.33 0.0994 425.19 425.14 9.8625
4.34 0.0996 425.19 425.14 9.8625
4.35 0.0998 425.19 425.15 9.8624
4.36 0.1000 425.19 425.15 9.8624
-------------------------------------------------------byO.2-------
===================================================================
-----------------------------RESUME================================
===================================================================
Panjang Tube (h) = 4.36 m
Jumlah Tube = 1568
Diameter Shell = 2.2638 m
Suhu Gas Masuk Reaktor (To) = 423.15 K
Suhu Gas Keluar Reaktor (Tout) = 425.1885 K
Suhu Pendingin Masuk (TPo) = 373.15 K
Suhu Pendingin Keluar (TPout) = 425.1491 K
Pressure Drop = 0.00758 atm
Waktu Tinggal = 1.8754 detik
Berat Katalis = 6.0071 ton
35
Volume Bed Katalis Keseluruhan = 5.2382 m3
Volume Bed Katalis Per Tube = 0.0033407 m3
Hi = 456.2904 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
Ho = 1125.7471 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
Uc = 280.8227 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
Ud = 214.5478 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
===================================================================
----------------------------KOMPOSISI------------------------------
===================================================================
Masuk
Etilen (FAo) = 1320.7128 kmol/jam
Asam Asetat (FBo) = 440.2376 kmol/jam
Oksigen (FCo) = 158.4855 kmol/jam
Vinil Asetat (FDo) = 0.2641 kmol/jam
Air (FEo) = 52.8285 kmol/jam
Karbondioksida (FFo) = 668.809 kmol/jam
Keluar
Etilen (FA) = 1188.6931 kmol/jam
Asam Asetat (FB) = 322.7401 kmol/jam
Oksigen (FC) = 56.1702 kmol/jam
Vinil Asetat (FD) = 117.7616 kmol/jam
Air (FE) = 199.3704 kmol/jam
Karbondioksida (FF) = 697.8533 kmol/jam
===================================================================
-------------------------DIMENSI REAKTOR---------------------------
===================================================================
Baffle Space = 0.56594 m
Diameter Ekivalen Tube = 0.027119 m
Diameter Rerata Tube = 0.034671 m
Tebal Shell = 0.011112 m = 0.40185 inch (disesuaikan
dengan diameter pipa standar)
Tebal Head = 0.023813 m = 0.88526 inch (disesuaikan
dengan diameter pipa standar)
Tinggi Head = 0.43421 m
Tinggi Reaktor = 5.6626 m
Volume Reaktor = 21.2511 m3
===================================================================
>>
36
37
38
10. Menentukan Tebal Isolasi
Bahan isolasi = Diatomaceous Earth Brick
k isolasi = 0,146 Btu/j.ft.°F
Suhu tertinggi, T1 = 152 °C (305,6 °F )
Suhu udara sekitar, Tu = 30 °C = 546 °R = 86 °F
Emisivitas bahan isolasi, ε = 0,45 (Table A-23, McAdams, p.477)
Dinginkan suhu dinding luar isolasi, T2 = 50 °C = 582 °R = 122 °F
T1 Tw T2
│▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒│░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░│
│▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒│░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░│
│▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒│░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░│
│▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒│░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░│
│▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒│░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░│
│▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒│░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░│──── Tu suhu udara
─────────── ─────────────────
x1 x2
x1 : tebal dinding reaktor
x2 : tebal isolasi
Tw : suhu batas antara isolasi dan reaktor
Transfer panas melalui permukaan isolasi ke udara karena radiasi dan konveksi:
Q/A = Qc = (hr + hc) (T2 – Tu) ………….(8) (McAdams, 1954, p.165, eq.7-1)
Transfer panas konduksi melalui dinding reaktor dan dinding isolasi:
T1 - T2
Qk =
x1 x 2
k1 k 2
Pada keadaan steady state, maka Qc = Qk = Q
Koefisien transfer panas radiasi, hr (McAdams, 1954, p.174):
39
T2 4 Tu 4
.(0,171)
100 100
hr =
T2 - Tu
582 4 546 4
(0,45).(0,171)
100 100
hr = = 1,1547 Btu/jam.ft2.°F
582 - 546
Koefisien transfer panas konveksi, hc (McAdams, 1954, p.173):
hc = 0,19 (ΔT) 1/3
= 0,19 (122 ºF – 86 ºF)1/3
= 0,6274 Btu/jam.ft2.°F
Panas yang hilang secara radiasi dan konveksi persatuan luas:
Q/A = (hr + hc) x (T2 – Tu)
= (0,5528 + 0,6274) Btu/jam.ft2.°F x (122ºF – 86ºF)
= 42,4851 Btu/jam.ft2
Qk Q T1 - T2
= =
A A x1 x 2
k1 k 2
Keterangan:
x1 = tebal dinding reaktor = 0,4375 in = 0,0365 ft
x2 = Tebal isolasi, ft
k1 = k baja = 26 Btu/jam.ft.°F
k2 = k isolasi = 0,146 Btu/jam.ft.°F
305,6 - 122
0,0365 x 2 = 42,485
26 0,146
x2 = 0,6322 ft = 7,5867 in
40
11. Menentukan Luas Permukaan Reaktor
Luas head atas dan bawah, A1
A1 = 2 . (2 . π . a’ . b’)
r1 = ID/2
= 2,2638/2
= 1,1319 m
b = Tinggi head
= 0,4343 m
x1 = 0,0111 m
x2 = 0,1927 m
a’ = r1 + x1
= (1,1319 + 0,4343) m
= 1,1430 m
b' = b + x1
= (0,4343 + 0,4343) m
= 0,4453 m
A1 = 2 . (2 . 3,14 x 1,1430 m . 0,4453 m)
= 6,3963 m2
Luas silinder, A2
A2 = π . Do’ . H
Do’ = OD + (2 . x2)
= 2,286 m + (2 . 0,1927) m
= 2,6714 m
H = Tinggi shell
= 4,7942 m
A2 = 3,14 . 2,6714 m . 4,7942 m
= 40,2352 m2
41
= (6,3963 + 40,2352) m2
= 46,6315 m2
= 401,4949 ft2
Dari persamaan 15, Peters, p.496, untuk aliran turbulen digunakan rumus:
Di opt = 3,9. (Q)0,45 . (ρ)0,13
= 3,9.(82,3641)0,45.(0,7359)0,13 = 27,2791 in
= 13,6396 in (digunakan dua pipa)
Keterangan:
Di opt = Diameter dalam pipa optimum, (in)
Q = Kecepatan volumetris, (cuft/det)
ρ = Densitas fluida, (lb/cuft)
42
OD = 16 in = 1,333 ft
at = 183 in2 = 15,2500 ft2
Dari persamaan 15, Peters, p.496, untuk aliran turbulen digunakan rumus:
Di opt = 3,9. (Q)0,45 . (ρ)0,13
= 3,9.(76,7405)0,45.(0,7898)0,13 = 26,6687 in
= 13,3344 in (digunakan dua pipa)
Keterangan:
Di opt = Diameter dalam pipa optimum, (in)
Q = Kecepatan volumetris, (cuft/det)
ρ = Densitas fluida, (lb/cuft)
43
Diameter pipa pendingin masuk
Kecepatan massa = 774.399,7984 kg/jam
Densitas ρ = 1.013,2781 kg/m3
= 63,2569 lb/cuft
Laju alir volumetris Q = m/ρ
kg
774.399,7984
jam
=
kg
1.013,2781 3
m
= 764.,2520 m3/jam
= 7,4968 ft3/det
Dari persamaan 15, Peters, p.496, untuk aliran turbulen digunakan rumus:
Di opt = 3,9. (Q)0,45 . (ρ)0,13
= 3,9.(7,4968)0,45. (63,2569)0,13 = 16,5540 in
= 8,2770 in (digunakan dua pipa)
Keterangan:
Di opt = Diameter dalam pipa optimum, (in)
Q = Kecepatan volumetris, (cuft/det)
ρ = Densitas fluida, (lb/cuft)
44
Diameter pipa pendingin keluar
Kecepatan massa = 774.399,7984 kg/jam
Densitas ρ = 959,3645 kg/m3
= 59,8912 lb/cuft
Laju alir volumetris Q = m/ρ
kg
774.399,7984
jam
=
kg
959,3645 3
m
= 807,3008 m3/jam
= 7,9181 ft3/det
Dari persamaan 15, Peters, p.496, untuk aliran turbulen digunakan rumus:
Di opt = 3,9. (Q)0,45 . (ρ)0,13
= 3,9.(7,9181)0,45.(59,8912)0,13 = 16,8461 in
= 8,4231 in (digunakan dua pipa)
Keterangan:
Di opt = Diameter dalam pipa optimum, (in)
Q = Kecepatan volumetris, (cuft/det)
ρ = Densitas fluida, (lb/cuft)
45
13. Perlengkapan Reaktor
Perlengkapan untuk reaktor feed bed dari kelloq, vessel sketch for prosess
information only:
1) Top Manhole
Letaknya disebelah samping lubang pemasukan gas diameter manhole yaitu
16 – 24 in.
2) Inert Ballast
Berfungsi untuk melindungi permukaan katalisator terhadap pengaruh
langsung aliran arus pereaksi, selain itu juga berfungsi agar aliran gas
merata, inert ballast berupa bola-bola keramik, tebal tumbukan 0,6 in.
3) Ballast Separation Screen
Letaknya dibagian atas dan bagian tumpukan katalisator dan diatas serta
dibawah inert ballast ( pase barrow).
4) Vad Space
Letaknya diatas dan dibawah tumpukan katalisator.
46
Gambar Reaktor Dari Sisi Depan
1
2
4 5 6
3
7
Keterangan
1. Lubang gas umpan
2. Manhole
10 3. Lubang pemanas masuk
4. Ballast separation screen
5. Inert ballast
6. Stationery tube sheet
7. Pipa/tube berisi katalisator
8. Shell berisi pemanas
9. Baffle
10. Lubang pemanas keluar
12 11. Lubang gas hasil
11
12. Penyangga
13. Pondasi
13
47
14. Neraca Panas Reaktor
Diambil suhu referensi (Tr) = 25 ºC
= 298,15 ºK
Neraca panas reaktor:
Qm - Qk + QR + Q =0
Qm - Qk - ΔHR + Q =0
Keterangan :
Qm = Panas bahan masuk, (kkal/jam)
Qk = Panas bahan keluar, (kkal/jam)
Q = Panas dari pemanas/panas diserap pemanas
QR = - ΔHR = Panas reaksi
48
Kapasitas panas gas (Cp), J/mol.K:
Cp = A + B.T + C.T2 + D.T3 + E.T4
Komponen A B C D E
C2H4 32,083 -1,48E-02 2,48E-04 -2,38E-07 6,83E-11
423,15
QC2 H4 = m ∫298,15 Cp dT
423,15
QCH3COOH = m ∫298,15 Cp dT
49
423,15
QH2O = m ∫298,15 Cp dT
423,15
QO2 = m ∫298,15 Cp dT
423,15
QC4H6O2 = m ∫298,15 Cp dT
423,15
QCO2 = m ∫298,15 Cp dT
50
= 3.370.517,0098 kJ/jam
= 804.879,4619 kcal/jam
425,2
QC2 H4 = m ∫298,15 Cp dT
425,3
QCH3COOH = m ∫298,15 Cp dT
51
425,2
QH2O = m ∫298,15 Cp dT
425,2
QO2 = m ∫298,15 Cp dT
425,2
QC4H6O2 = m ∫298,15 Cp dT
425,2
QCO2 = m ∫298,15 Cp dT
52
= 3.577.264,5421 kJ/jam
= 854.250,7726cal/jam
53
Jumlah C2H4 bereaksi
Reaksi 1 = 117,5434 kmol/jam
Reaksi 2 = 14,5278 kmol/jam
Panas Reaksi
QR1 = m C2H4. (–∆HR1)
= (117,5434 kmol/jam) (-41,7804 x 1000) kcal/kmol
= -4.911.017,6642 kcal/jam
QR2 = m C2H4. (–∆HR2)
= (14,5278 kmol/jam) (-357,6890 x 1000) kcal/kmol
= -4.589.468,7933 kcal/jam
QR = -9.500.486,4575 kcal/jam
54
Kebutuhan pendingin
425,15
Q pendingin = m ∫373,15 Cp dT
55
Hasil perhitungan reaktor
Kondisi operasi
Suhu reaksi :
Gas masuk = 150 °C
Gas keluar = 152 °C
Suhu pendingin :
Pendingin masuk = 100 °C
Pendingin keluar = 152 °C
Tekanan :
Gas masuk = 9,87 atm
Gas keluar = 9,86 atm
Reaktor :
Jenis reaktor = Fixed bed multitubular
Jumlah tube = 1568 buah
Diameter luar tube = 0,0381 m
Diameter dalam tube = 0,0312 m
Diameter dalam shell = 2,1285 m
Diameter luar shell = 2,1507 m
Panjang bed = 4,3600 m
Volume reaktor = 21,2511 m3
Tebal dinding shell = 0,4375 in
= 0,0111 m
Tebal head = 0,9375 in
= 0,0238 m
Tinggi Reaktor = 5,6626 m
Isolasi :
Bahan isolasi = Asbestos Diatomaceous Earth
Tebal isolasi = 7,5867 in
= 0,1927 m
Katalisator
Jenis katalisator = Pd (Palladium)
56
Bentuk katalisator = Silinder
Diameter = 0,0625 in
Panjang = 0,1875 in
Berat katalisator = 6.007,1 kg
57