*fasa tunggal
*fasa campuran
Diagram fasa suatu zat memperlihatkan daerah-daerah
tekanan dan temperatur dimana berbagai fasa bersifat stabil
secara termodinamis.
Diagram fasa eksperimental untuk air, memperlihatkan fase padatan yang berbeda-
beda.
DIAGRAM FASA KARBONDIOKSIDA
tahu bahwa
Persamaan Clapeyron
BATAS PADAT-CAIR
Pelelehan/peleburan disertai dengan perubahan entalpi molar Hfus dan
terjadi pada temperatur T, sehingga entropi molar adalah Hfus/T dan
persamaan Clapeyron menjadi
sub
The First-Order Transitions
The transitions which displays a
jump in entropy and a latent heat
associated with this jump are called
the first-order phase transitions.
T1 Q L
S
S gas T=T1 = const T T
gas+liquid critical
liquid S point
Sgas
liquid+solid
beyond critical
solid mixed point, gas is
phase indistinguishable
P
from liquid
The “evaporation” L is generally
greater than the “melting” L (the Sliquid
disorder introduced by
evaporation is greater than that T TC temperature
introduced by melting). Q: Can the critical point exist along the
melting coexistence curve?
The First-Order Transitions (cont.)
Note that in the first-order
transitions, the G(T) curves G
have a real meaning even
beyond the intersection point,
this results in metastability
and hysteresis.
There is usually an energy
T
barrier that prevents a
S
G P,N = const transition occurring from the
higher to the lower phase
(e.g., gas, being cooled below S = L/T
solid Ttr does not immediately
liquid condense, since surface
energy makes the formation of T
gas very small droplets S
CP T
T
energetically unfavorable). T P, N
(Pr. 5.9).
L. water can exist at T far
On the graph G(T) at P,N = const, lower than the freezing CP
the slope dG/dT is always temperature: water in organic
negative: cells can avoid freezing down
G to –200C in insects and down
S
T P , N to –470C in plants. T
FASA, KOMPONEN,
DERAJAT KEBEBASAN
Binary phase diagrams : The Lever rule
Solid, S
A X0 B
At temperature, T and molar fraction X0, the solid and liquid phase will coexist in
equilibrium according the ratio:
nl = nl
Where n/n is ratio of liquid to solid
DIAGRAM FASA CAIR-CAIR
Padatan hampir murni A mulai keluar dari larutan dan cairan sisanya
lebih kaya akan B.
Pada pendinginan sampai a3, lebih banyak lagi padatan yang terbentuk
Fasa cair lebih kaya akan B daripada sebelumnya (b3) karena A sudah
mengendap
Pada a4 cairannya lebih sedikit daripada di a3, komposisinya adlh e
Cairan kemudian membeku menghasilkan sistem dua fasa dari A
hampir murni dan B hampir murni
DIAGRAM FASA CAIR-PADAT
• Peritectic - liquid and one solid phase transform to a 2nd solid phase
Solid1 + Liquid ↔ Solid2
ε
cool
+L heat (For Cu-Zn, 598°C, 78.6 wt% Zn)
5. Binary phase diagrams : Ternary phase diagrams
These are complicated.