La Ode Asmin|0000-0002-2902-196X
e-mail: fisikakuanta@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3782649
Daftar Isi
PERSAMAAN DIFERENSIAL BESSEL............................................................................................ 1
Fungsi Bessel ......................................................................................................................... 1
Relasi rekursif Fungsi Bessel ................................................................................................. 9
Fungsi Pembangkit ( ) ................................................................................................... 16
Bentuk Integral Fungsi Bessel ............................................................................................. 17
Sifat Ortogonal Polinomial Bessel ....................................................................................... 20
Daftar Pustaka......................................................................................................................... 22
Fungsi Bessel
Bentuk umum persamaan diferensial Bessel orde dituliskan sebagai,
"+ ′+( − ) =0
( )= ( )+ ( )
Misal
1
( )=
( )= ( + )
"( )= ( + )( + − 1)
( + )( + − 1) + ( + )
+( − ) =0
( + )( + − 1) + ( + ) +
− =0
( + )( + − 1) + ( + ) +
− =0
2
( + )( + − 1) + ( + ) +
− =0
( + )( + − 1) + ( + ) − + =0
( + )( + − 1) + ( + ) − + =0
Untuk koefisien :
= → =±
Untuk koefisien :
!"( + 1) ( )$ + ( + 1) − %= ( +2 +2− )
= ( + 1) − =0
Karena =± ,
( + 1) − =0→ =0
3
Untuk koefisien :
!"( + 2) ( + 1)$ + ( + 2) − % +
= + +2 +2+ +2− +
= +4 +4− + -=0
=− =− =− =−
+4 +4− ( + 2) − ( + 2) − 4 +4
=−
2(2 + 2)
(
Untuk koefisien :
( ( + ) )( + ) − 1) + ( + ) ) − + (
= (( + ) + ) + ) − − ) + + ) − )+ (
= (( + 2 ) + ) − ) + ( = 0
=− =−
( (
(
( +2 )+) − ) (( + ) ) − )
Karena = , maka
=− =− =−
( ( (
(
(( + ) ) − ) (2 ) + ) ) ) () + 2 )
dengan = 1,2,3, ⋯.
Karena = 0, maka
=− =0
0
3(3 + 2 )
=− =0
0
1
5(5 + 2 )
Jika ) = 2 , diperoleh
=− =−
2 (2 + 2 ) 2 ( + )
4
dengan = 1,2,3, ⋯.
=−
2 ( + )
=− =−
2 . 1. (1 + )2 (1 + )
1
1
=− =− 5− 6
2 . 2(2 + ) 2 . 2(2 + ) 2 (1 + )
2
4
= (−1)
24 . 2(2 + )(1 + )
1
=− 5(−1) 4 6
2 . 3(3 + ) 2 . 2(2 + )(1 + )
3
7
= (−1)0 7
2 . 3.2(3 + )(2 + )(1 + )
⋮ ⋮
= (−1)
2 ! ( + ) ⋯ ( + 2)( + 1)
Dari fungsi gamma,
Γ( + 1 ) = Γ ( )
Missal = +1
Γ( + 1 + ) = ( + 1 + − 1)( + 1 + − 2)( + 1 + r − 3) ⋯ (
+ 1 )Γ( + 1)
= ( + )( + − 1)( + − 2) ⋯ ( + 1)Γ( + 1)
atau
1 Γ( + 1)
=
(1 + )(2 + ) ⋯ ( + ) Γ( + + 1)
5
Γ( + 1)
= (−1) = (−1)
2 ! ( + ) ⋯ ( + 2)( + 1) 2 ! Γ( + + 1)
1
=
2 Γ( + 1)
Maka,
1 Γ ( + 1) 1 1
= (−1) = (−1)
2 ! Γ( + + 1) 2 Γ( + 1) 2 ! Γ( + + 1 )
( )=
(−1)
( )= < =
! Γ( + + 1 ) 2
(−1)
> ( )= < =
! Γ( + + 1 ) 2
(−1)
> ( )= < =
! Γ( − + + 1 ) 2
Jadi,
( ) = ?> ( ) + @> ( )
6
> ( ) = (−1) > ( )
Penyelesaian: Dari,
(−1)
> ( )= < =
! Γ( − + + 1 ) 2
Nilai = 0 → ( − 1),
(−1) (−1)
> ( )= < = + < =
! Γ( − + + 1 ) 2 ! Γ( − + + 1 ) 2
(−1)
=0+ < =
! Γ( − + + 1 ) 2
Ambil = + ), diperoleh
(−1) ( ( ()
> ( )= < =
( + ) ) ! Γ( − + + ) + 1) 2
(
(−1) ( (
= < =
( + ) ) ! Γ( ) + 1 ) 2
(
(−1)( (
= (−1) < = = (−1) > ( )
( + ) ) ! Γ( ) + 1 ) 2
(
Ekspansi:
Diketahui
1
> ( )= (−1) < =
2 ! Γ( + + 1 )
Untuk =0
1 1
> ( )= (−1) < = = (−1) < =
2 ! Γ (0 + + 1) 2 ! Γ( + 1 )
7
Karena Γ( + 1) = !, maka
1 1
> ( )= (−1) < = = (−1) < =
2 ! r! 2 ( !)
1 1 4
> ( )=1− < = + < = +⋯
(1!) 2 (2!) 2
Untuk =1
1 1
> ( )= (−1) < = = (−1) < =
2 ! Γ( 1 + + 1 ) 2 ! Γ( + 2 )
1
=< = (−1) < =
2 2 ! Γ( + 2 )
1
> ( )=< = (−1) < =
2 2 ! ( + 1)!
1 1 4
>( )= A1 − < = + < = + ⋯B
2 1! 2! 2 2! 3! 2
Untuk = ,
1
> ( )= (−1) < =
2 1
! Γ < + + 1=
2
1
=< = (−1) < =
2 2 3
!Γ< + =
2
8
1 1 1 4 1 7
> ( )=< = C − < = + < = − < = + ⋯F
2 3 5 7 9
Γ < = 1! Γ < = 2 2! Γ < = 2
2
3! Γ < = 2
2 2 2
1 1 1 4
=< = C − < = + < =
2 1 1 31 1 2 531 1 2
Γ < = 1! Γ< = 2! Γ < =
2 2 22 2 222 2
1 7
− < = + ⋯F
7531 1 2
3! Γ< =
2222 2
1 1 1 4 1 7
> ( )=< = C − < = + < = − < =
2 1 31 531 7531
H 1! H 2 2! H 2 3! H 2
2√ 22√ 222√ 2222√
+ ⋯F
1 1 1 4 1 7
=< = C − < = + < = − < =
2H 1 31 2 531 2 7531 2
1! 2! 3!
2 22 222 2222
2 4 4 4 1 7
+ ⋯F = < = C − < = + < = − < = + ⋯F
2H 1! 3 2 15 2 7531 2
3!
2222
2 0 1 J
2
=< = I − + − + ⋯K = L sin
2H 1! 3! 5! 7! H
Bukti:
9
1
> ( )= (−1) < =
2 ! Γ( + + 1 )
1
> ( )= (−1) < =
2 ! Γ( + + 1 )
1
= (−1)
2 ! Γ( + + 1 )
V V 1
T > ( )U = (−1)
V V 2 ! Γ( + + 1 )
(2 + 2 ) 1
= (−1)
2 ! Γ( + + 1 )
V (2 + 2 ) 1
T > ( )U = (−1)
V 2 ! ( + ) Γ( + )
2( + 2) ( )
1
= (−1)
2 ! ( + ) Γ( + )
2. ( )
1
= (−1)
2 ! Γ( + )
( )
1
= (−1)
2 2 ! Γ( + )
( )
1
= (−1)
2 ! Γ"( − 1) + + 1$
( ) 1
= (−1) < =
2 ! Γ"( − 1) + + 1$
= > ( )
10
T > ( )U = − > ( )
R
RS
2.
Bukti:
1
> ( )= (−1) < =
2 ! Γ( + + 1 )
1
> ( )= (−1) < =
2 ! Γ( + + 1 )
1
= (−1)
2 ! Γ( + + 1 )
V V 1
T > ( )U = (−1)
V V 2 ! Γ ( + + 1)
2 1
= (−1)
2 ( − 1)! Γ( + + 1)
1
= (−1)
2 ( − 1)! Γ( + + 1)
Jika = + 1, diperoleh
V
T > ( )U
V
( )
1
= (−1) =
2 ( ) (( + 1) − 1)! Γ( + ( + 1) + 1)
1
= (−1)
2 ( )! Γ( + + 2)
1
=− (−1) =− > ( )
2 ( ) ! Γ( + + 2)
11
3. > ( ) = > ( )− > ( )
S
Bukti:
V
T > ( )U = > ( )
V
> ( )+ > ( )= > ( )
Bukti:
V
T > ( )U = − > ( )
V
> ( )− > ( )=− > ( )
S WX
Kalikan kedua ruas dengan , diperoleh
> ( ) > ( )
> ( )=I + K dan 2 > ( ) = T> ( )+> ( )U
2 2
Contoh:
12
Dengan menggunakan relasi rekursif, hitunglah: >[ ( ), > [ ( )
Q Q
Penyelesaian:
Missal = , maka
1
22> ( )=> ( )+> ( )
1
> ( ) = > ( ) + >0 ( )
1 1 2 2
>0 ( ) = > ( )−> ( )= \L sin ] − L cos
H H
2 sin
=L 5 − cos 6
H
1
−
2 2> ( ) = > ( )+> ( )
1
− > ( ) = > 0( ) + > ( )
13
1 1 2 2
> 0 ( ) = − > ( ) − > ( ) = − L cos − L sin
H H
2 cos
= −L < + sin =
H
Buktikan bahwa:
> ( ) = −> ( )
dan
1
>" ( ) = > ( ) − 2> ( ) + > ( )
4
Penyelesaian:
Diketahui bahwa
V
> ( ) =− > ( )
V
Substitusi = 0, diperoleh
V
> ( ) = −> ( ) → > ( ) = −> ( )
V
Diketahui bahwa:
> ( ) > ( ) 1
> ( )=I + K = T> ( )+> ( )U
2 2 2
Diferensialkan terhadap :
V 1 V
T> ( )U = T> ( )+> ( )U
V 2V
14
1
>" ( ) = T> ( )+> ( )U (∗)
2
Ambil → ( − 1), diperoleh
1 1
> ( )= T> ( )+> ( )U = T> ( ) + > ( )U
2 2
Selanjutnya → ( + 1), diperoleh
1 1
> ( )= T> ( )+> ( )U = T> ( ) + > ( )U
2 2
Substitusi kedua persamaan ini ke (∗) diperoleh
1 1 1
>" ( ) = I T> ( ) + > ( )U + T> ( ) + > ( )UK
2 2 2
1
= T> ( ) + 2> ( ) + > ( )U
4
Contoh:
Penyelesaian:
V
c >0 ( ) V = c >0 ( )V = − c >( )V
V
=− > ( ) + c2 >( )V
V
= −> ( ) + 2 c > ( )V = −> ( ) − 2 c >( )V
V
2
= −> ( ) − > ( )
Contoh:
15
Penyelesaian:
2
> ( )= > ( )−> ( )
2(2) 4
> ( )= > ( )−> ( ) → >0 ( ) = > ( )−> ( )
2(1) 2
> ( )= > ( )−> ( )→> ( )= > ( )−> ( )
4 2 8 4
>0 ( ) = d > ( ) − > ( )e − > ( ) = > ( ) − > ( ) − > ( )
Fungsi Pembangkit ( )
Polinomial Bessel > ( ) dapat diungkapkan sebagai koefisien pangkat g
dalam ekspansi deret pada sebuah fungsi h(g, ) disebut sebagai fungsi
pembangkit dalam bentuk g untuk semua |g | < 1,
S
h(g, ) = k <l
l
=
= > ( )g
Pembuktian:
16
S Sl S g 1 ( 1
h(g, ) = k <l
l
=
=k k l =m 5 6 nm (−1) < = n
2 ! 2g )!
(
(−1) (
= < = g (
! )! 2
(
(−1)( (
h(g, ) = < = g = > g
( + ))! )! 2
(
S
h(g, ) = k <l
l
=
= > ( )g
17
Diperoleh
dan
Fungsi Fourier:
{ 0; z ≠
c cos zx cos x Vx = | H
;z =
2
{ 0; z ≠
c sin zx sin x Vx = |H
;z =
2
18
Sehingga,
{
c cos x cos( sin x) Vx
•€€€€€€€•€€€€€€€‚
ƒ
{ {
= > ( ) c cos x Vx + 2 > ( ) c cos x cos 2 x Vx
•€€€•€€€‚ •€€€€€•€€€€€‚
„ …
dan
{ {
c sin x sin( sin x) = 2 > ( ) c sin xsin(2 − 1)x
H> ( ); = ganjil
=d
0; = genap
{ {
c cos x cos( sin x ) Vx + c sin x sin( sin x)Vx
{
= c Tcos x cos( sin x ) + sin x sin( sin x)U Vx = H>
19
1 {
> ( ) = c Tcos x cos( sin x ) + sin x sin( sin x)U Vx
H
1 {
= c cos( x − sin x) Vx
H
dengan = 0,1,2,3, ⋯.
Misal = 0, maka
1 { 1 {
> ( )= c cos(− sin x)Vx = c cos( sin x)Vx
H H
0; Œ≠•
c > (Œ )> (• ) V = | 1
"> (Œ )$ ; Œ=•
2
dengan Œ, • adalah akar-akar dr > ( ) = 0
pembuktian:
+ + (Œ − ) =0
Ž
S
Kalikan dengan , diperoleh
• +• + • •Œ − ‘ =0
• + • + (Œ − )• = 0
’
S
Kalikan dengan , diperoleh
20
• + • + •• − ‘• = 0
Kita perkurangkan,
•• +• + • •Œ − ‘ ‘−• • + • + •• − ‘ •‘ = 0
• +• + •Œ − • − • − • •=0
(• − • ) + (• − • ) + (Œ − • ) • = 0
V
( • − • ) = (• − Œ ) •
V
Integralkan kedua ruas dengan batas = 0 → 1,
V
c ( • − • ) V = (• − Œ ) c • V
V
T ( • − • )U = • − • = (• − Œ ) c • V
c > (Œ )> (• ) V = 0
21
Untuk Œ = •: ruas kanan akan diperoleh bentuk . Dengan menggunakan
aturan L’Hospital, ambil Œ konstan dan • adalah variabel yang mendekati Œ,
karena itu kita tuliskan menjadi
Œ> (Œ )> (Œ ) 1 1
c > (Œ ) V = = "> (Œ )$ = > (Œ )
2Œ 2 2
Daftar Pustaka
22