ELEKTRONIKA

INDUSTRI
Wahyudi Budi Pramono, S.T, M.Eng
Firdaus, S.T, M.T
KOMPONEN PENILAIAN :
 Tugas/Quiz : 20 %
 UTS : 35 %
 UAS : 35 %
 Kehadiran : 10 %

TOLERANSI KETERLAMBATAN : 15 MENIT

NO CALL, SILENT MODE
MATERI :
 Pengantar
 Transduser

 Diode

 Transistor

 Switch & Relay

 Motor AC & DC

 Op-Amp

 Elektronika Digital

 PLC
 Pengantar tentang Elektronika Industri
 Perkembangan dan Peran elektronika di dalam industri
 Dasar dasar pengendalian
 Pengantar Tranducer
 Jenis jenis tranducer
 Cara kerja, karakteristik dan aplikasi masing masing tranducer
 Pengantar Semikonduktor
 Dioda
 Rangkaian catu daya setengah gelombang dan gelombang penuh
 Pengantar transistor
 Jenis jenis transistor
 Transistor sebagai switch/ saklar elektronis
 Implementasi transistor sebagai switch
 Pengantar Switch dan Relay
 Jenis jenis switch dan relay
 Cara kerja masing masing switch dan relay
 Aplikasi masing masing switch dan relay
 Pengantar Motor listrik AC dan DC
 Jenis jenis motor AC
 Cara kerja motor AC
 Aplikasi motor AC
 Perhitungan kecepatan sinkron, kecepatan aktual dan slip
 Pengendalian kecepatan motor AC
 Cara kerja motor DC
 Jenis jenis motor DC
 Karakteristik motor DC
 Aplikasi motor DC dalam industri
 Teknik Teknik Pengendalian kecepatan motor DC
 Pembangkitan PWM

 Pengantar Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp)

 Jenis jenis Op-Amp
 Op-Amp Inverting dan non Inverting

 Fungsi op-amp sebagai comparator

 Fungsi op amp sebagai penguat, summing, dll
 Aplikasi Op amp dalam bidang pengendalian dan sensing

 Pengantar Sistem digital

 Jenis jenis Sistem bilangan
 Aritmatika berbagai jenis sistem bilangan
 Konversi jenis sistem bilangan
 Aplikasi sistem bilangan
 Pengantar gerbang logika
 Jenis gerbang dasar
 Kombinasi beberapa gerbang dasar
 Aljabar Bolean
 Flip Flop
 Multiplexer
 Demultiplexer
 Aplikasi gerbang logika dalam pegendalian

 Pengantar PLC
 Wiring PLC dengan interface lainnya
 Aplikasi PLC dalam industri
 Dasar pemrograman PLC (Ladder Diagram)
 Simulasi Pemrograman PLC
 Aktuator

Controller Plant

Sensor
Example: Metal processing

Positioning, thickness and synchronous control

4
Example: Basic industries

cascade, rate regulation

5
Example:Hoisting

Positioning, load sharing control

6
Example:Conveyors

Synchronous, load sharing control 7

Example: Paper Industry

Synchronous shaft winder control 8

Example: Textile industry

Tensile control
9
 Example: Power plants

Field-current regulator, turbine control

10
T282 - 360 TON
Pumping Application

 Built in PID controller

maintains constant
pressure.
 High switching
frequency ensures low
noise.
 Reduced damage to
pipe with controlled
ramp rates.
FLOAT GLASS
 CONTROL SYSTEMS
An organised way of doing or arranging something according to a
fixed plan or set of rules. There will normally be at least one input,
one process and one output.
• Manufactured control systems, mechanical or electrical.
• Natural systems including biological control systems.
• Control systems containing Manufactured and Natural
components
In a system, control can be achieved either in Open Loop or Closed
Loop.
Cybernetics refers to those control systems related to mechanical
systems including either or both manufactured or natural mechanisms.
 OPEN LOOP SYSTEM
Input Output
Process

e.g. (Bread) (Heater) (Charcoal)

Another example of an open loop system is a door lock where the input is the handle
or key, the process is the action of turning and pulling and the output (result) is the
door opens.
Closed loop control systems
Reference Comparing Error Signal Driving Output
Signal Stage Stage Signal

Feedback Path
Feedback is that property of a closed-loop control system which permits the output of
the system to be compared with the input or reference signal of the system, so that an
appropriate control action may be formed as some function of the output and input.
Negative feedback acts against the reference signal where positive feedback acts to
reinforce the reference or input signal.
OPEN LOOP CONTROL VS. CLOSED LOOP CONTROL

3 temperature
2 4
1 5
open loop: temperature is imprecise,
depends on ambient temperature and
cooking quantity
but time of heating can be modulated.

180
140
200
120 220 + higher closed loop:
- /lower temperature closely controlled,
requires measurement of the
output variable (temperature)
temperature sensor
OPEN LOOP VS. CLOSED LOOP

open-loop control / command closed-loop control / regulation

(commande / pilotage, steuern,) (régulation, Regelung)

keywords: sequential / combinatorial, keywords: feedback, analog

binary variables, discrete processes, variables, continuous processes,
"batch control", "manufacturing" "process control"
set-point (solicited)
valeur de consigne control variable
Sollwert, (analog)
binary
output controller output
sequencer + plant
plant
-
error
(deviation) plant
clock plant state state
display display
on/off measurement % measurement
process value
(valeur mesurée,
Istwert)
TWO-POINT CONTROLLER: PRINCIPLE
The two-point controller (or regulator, has a binary output:
on or off (example: air conditioning)

control energy
variable
set-point heater room temperature
off on
measured value
thermometer

commercial controller with integrated

thermometer
 CONTROL SIGNALS
Compares plant output
with desired output
producing ERROR signal
Signal processing BRAIN Measured by
deciding how to change TRANSDUCER
m(t) depending on e(t) e.g. potentiometer

COMPARATOR
reference error actuating controlled
input + signal signal variable
CONTROLLER PLANT
r(t) e(t) m(t) c(t)
-
feedback b(t)
signal feedback processor
measured output signal
Conditions signal
( often no conditioning )
START
 CONTROL ACTION
E.g. : To maintain aircraft height @ 30,000 feet
Comparator tells controller plane Controller resets elevator for
needs to gain 2,000 feet in altitude fairly rapid climb

30,000 + 2,000 29,000

feet feet m(t) feet
+
CONTROLLER PLANT
r(t) e(t) c(t)
-
28,000 b(t)
feet feedback processor
29,000 feet
Estimates height in FIVE seconds
time on current trend
Control action goes ‘on hold’ when height exactly 30,000 feet
POSITION-CONTROL SERVOS
tachometer
I potentiometer
+15V
+15V

potentiometer +
DC
POWER MOTOR
m(t) AMP
control
knob - I
c(t) ċ(t)
comparator
r(t) LOAD

+ e(t)
K controller summing circuit a b
- amplifier
b(t) a+Tb
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY c(t)+Tċ(t)
 CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL MECHANISM
Differential
_ amplifier Shaft

Up-down + DC Tacho-
DAC Amp Motor meter Encoder
counter

+
Reference pulses
Common Components
PASSIVE ACTIVE INTEGRATED
 Resistor • Diode • Linear
 Capacitor • Transistor • Digital
BJT Loose logic
 Inductor
MOSFET
FPGA et al
IGBT
Microprocessor
Mechanical • Thyrister
 Switch SCR
Triac
 Connector
 Relay
SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
24V Power
Supply

Control Logic Power DC Motor

& PC Interface Electronics &
Unit Unit Sensors

Controller Algorithm
PID (Proportional, Integral, Derivative) Controller
Target Computed Motor &
Value PID
Error Controller Signal “u” Sensors
Actual Value
PARTITION OF GENERAL MODEL