PABRIK (Awass..sampe G!)

APPENDIKS A
PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA
Kapasitas Produksi = 31000 ton/tahun

= 3690.4762 kg/jam
Kemurnian = 0.9567606
Hari kerja = 350 hari/tahun = 24 jam/hari
Basis perhitungan = 1 jam operasi
Bahan baku
Ethyl alcohol 95 %
Asam acetate 99 %
Asam sulfat 96 %
Berat molekul :
Ethyl acetate = 88 g/mol
Ethyl alcohol = 46 g/mol
Asam acetate = 60 g/mol
Asam sulfat = 98 g/mol
Air = 18 g/mol
Kolom
Distilasi Kolom Kolom
1 Distilasi Distilasi
2 Mixer 3
Reaktor
Decanter
I. Kolom Distilasi 3
CH3COOC2H5
CH3COOC2H5 D3 C2H5OH
C2H5OH H2O
H2O F3
CH3COOC2H5
B3 C2H5OH
H2O
Keterangan gambar :
- F3 : aliran feed kolom distilasi 3 (aliran dari decanter)
- D3 : aliran distilat kolom distilasi 3
- B3 : aliran produk kolom distilasi 3
Produk yang diinginkan pada kolom bawah berupa ethyl acetate sebanyak
3690.4762 kg/jam
Feed berasal dari lapisan atas decanter yang mempunyai komposisi sbb :
(sumber : Kirk Othmer )
Ethyl acetate : 93% fraksi berat = 0.93
Ethanol : 2% fraksi berat = 0.02
Air : 5% fraksi berat = 0.05
Produk atas adalah ternary azeotrop dengan komposisi sbb :

(sumber : Kirk Othmer )
Recovery ethanol sebagai distilat = 95 % (ditetapkan) = 0.95

Misal : F3 = 100 kg
Neraca Massa Total

D3 = (0.95*0.02*100/0.09) = 21.1111
B3 = F3 - D3 = 78.8889
Neraca Massa Komponen Ethyl acetate

0.93 *F3 = 0.83* D3 + a*B3
0.93 *100 = 0.83* 21.1111 + a* 78.8889
diperoleh : a = 0.9567606
Neraca Massa Komponen Ethanol

0.02 *F3 = 0.09* D3 + a*B3
0.02 *100 = 0.09* 21.1111 + a* 78.8889
diperoleh : b = 0.0012676
c= 0.0419718 fraksi berat air
Produk bawah, B3 = 3690.476 kg

D3 = (21.1111/78.8889)*3690.4672 = 987.59222
F3 = D3 + B3 = 987.59222 + 3690.476 = 4678.0684
Neraca Massa Total Kolom Distilasi 3

Komponen Masuk (kg) Keluar (kg)
Aliran F3 Aliran D3 Aliran B3
CH3COOC2H5 4350.6036 819.70154 3530.9021
C2H5OH 93.561368 88.8833 4.6780684
H2O 233.90342 79.007378 154.89604
Jumlah 4678.0684 987.59222 3690.4762
Total 4678.0684 4678.0684
II. Mixer dan Decanter
H2O
CH3COOC2H5 Mixer
W CH3COOC2H5
C2H5OH å
C2H5OH
H2O D2 D3 H2O
Decanter
CH3COOC2H5
CH3COOC2H5 L F3 C2H5OH
C2H5OH H2O
H2O
Keterangan gambar :
- L = aliran menuju kolom distilasi 2
- D2 = aliran distilat dari kolom distilasi 2
- W = penambahan air proses
- D3 = aliran distilat dari kolom distilasi 3
- F3 = feed kolom distilasi 3
Aliran D2 dan D3 adalah ternary azeotrop yang mempunyai komposisi sbb :

Sistem Mixer
Neraca Massa komponen Ethyl acetateå
( D2 + D3 ) * 0.83 = a* å
( D2 + D 3 ) = (a* )/0.83 ………(1)
Neraca Massa komponen Ethanol å
( D2 + D3 ) * 0.09 = b* å
( D2 + D 3 ) = (b* )/0.09 ………(2)
dari pers. (1) dan
å (2) diperoleh
å :
(a* )/0.83 = ( b* )/0.09
(a/b)= ###
Sistem Decanter
Aliran F3 terdiri dari :
Dari diagram segitiga (lampiran), F 3 dan L merupakan tie line.
Aliran L terdiri dari :
Ethanol : 4.5% fraksi berat = 0.045
Air : 88.5% fraksi berat = 0.885
Garis W - (D2 + D3) memotong garis L - F3 di S dengan komposisi :

x1 = a = ### *b (fraksi ethyl acetate)
x2 = b (fraksi ethanol)
x3 = 1 - ### *b (fraksi air)
S
Neraca massa di decanter :
S = F3 + L
=L + 4678.0684 ………(3)
Neraca massa komponen ethyl
S acetate :
### *b* = 0.07 * L + 0.93 * 4678.0684 ………(4)
Neraca massaSkomponen ethanol :
b* = 0.045 * L + 0.02 * 4678.0684 ………(5)
Pers. (4) dibagi Sdengan 9.2222, maka :
b* S = (0.07 * L) / 9.2222 + ( 0.93 * 4678.0684 ) / 9.2222
b* = 0.00759* L + 471.752 ………(6)
S
Pers. (5) disederhanakan menjadi :
b* = 0.045 * L + 93.56 ………(7)
Eliminasi pers. (6) dan (7) :
0= -0.03741 * L + 378.191
L = 10109.351 kg
SF3 = 4678.068 kg
maka : = L + F3 = 14787.42 kg
S
S
Komposisi :
Ethyl acetate : % (fraksi berat) = (0.93 * F3 + 0.07 * L) /
= 0.342065 (a) S
Ethanol : % (fraksi berat) = (0.02 * F3 + 0.045 * L) /

= 0.0370911 (b)
Air : % (fraksi berat) =1 - a - b
= 0.6208439
Neraca Massa di Mixer

å
Neraca massa komponen Ethyl acetate :
( D2 + D3 ) = (a* ) / 0.83
( D2 + D3 ) = 0.34206 * 14787.42 / 0.83
( D2 + D3 ) = ### kg
å
Neraca massa komponen air :
W = - (D2 + D3)
W= 14787.42 - ###
= ### kg
D2 = ### - 987.592
= ### kg
Neraca massa total Mixer
å
D2 W D3
CH3COOC2H5 ### - 819.70154 ###
C2H5OH ### - 88.8833 ###
H2O ### ### 79.007378 9180.68
Jumlah ### ### 987.592 14787.420
Total 14787.42 14787.42
Neraca massa total Decanter
å
L F3
CH3COOC2H5 5058.26 707.65 ###
C2H5OH 548.48 454.92 ###
H2O 9180.68 8946.78 ###
Jumlah 14787.42 10109.35 4678.068
Total 14787.42 14787.42
III. Neraca Massa Kolom Distilasi 2

Distilat dari kolom distilasi 1 merupakan feed bagi kolom distilasi 2,
dengan komposisi sebagai berikut : (Faith and Keyes)
xethyl acetate = 0.2
xethanol = 0.7
xair = 0.1
CH3COOC2H5
C2H5OH
H2O D1 Tangk
i Kolom
Akum Distilasi D2 CH3COOC2H5
ulator 2
F2
C2H5OH
CH3COOC2H5 H2O
C2H5OH L
H2O CH3COOC2H5
B2 C2H5OH
H2O
Keterangan gambar :
- D1 = distilat dari kolom distilat 1
- L = aliran dari decanter
- F2 = feed kolom distilasi 2
- D2 = distilat dari kolom distilasi 2
- B2 = bottom product dari kolom distilasi 2
Neraca massa sistem total :
D 1 + L = B2 + D 2
B2 - D 1 = L - D 2
B2 - D 1 = 10109.35 - ###
B2 - D 1 = ### ………(8)
Neraca massa ethanol (komposisi ethanol di aliran B2 ditetapkan = 0.6)
0.7*D1 - 0.6*B2 = 0.09*D2 - 0.045*L
0.7*D1 - 0.6*B2 = (0.09 * 5106.6948) - (0.045 * 10109.35)
0.7*D1 - 0.6*B2 = 4.6817 ………(9)
Dari pers. (8) :
B2 - D1 = 5002.6565
Substitusi pers. (8) ke pers. (9) :
0.7*D1 - 0.6*(5002.6565 + D1) = 4.6817
0.7*D1 - 3001.5939 -0.6*D1 = 4.6817
0.1*D1 = 4.6817 + 3001.5939
D1 = 30062.756 kg
maka : B2 = ### kg
Neraca massa ethyl acetate :
0.07*L + 0.2*D1 = 0.83*D2 + a*B2
a = (0.07*L + 0.2*D1 - 0.83*D2) / B2
a = ###
Neraca massa air :
0.885*L + 0.1*D1 = 0.08*D2 + b*B2
b = (0.885*L + 0.1*D1 - 0.08*D2) / B2
b = ###
IV. Tangki Akumulator 2
CH3COOC2H5
C2H5OH
H 2O
CH3COOC2H5 D1 F2 CH3COOC2H5
C2H5OH C2H5OH
H2O H2O
Neraca massa total :

F2 = D1 + L
F2 = 30062.756 + 10109.35
F2 = 40172.11 kg
Neraca massa total Tangki Akumulator 2 :

L D1 F2
CH3COOC2H5 707.65 6012.55 6720.21
C2H5OH 454.92 21043.93 21498.85
H2O 8946.78 3006.28 11953.05
Jumlah 10109.35 30062.76 40172.11
Total 40172.11 40172.11
Neraca massa total Kolom Distilasi 2 :

F2 B2 D2
CH3COOC2H5 6720.21 2481.65 4238.56
C2H5OH 21498.85 21039.25 459.60
H2O 11953.05 11544.52 408.54
Jumlah 40172.11 35065.41 5106.69
Total 40172.11 40172.11
V. Neraca Massa Sistem Overall
Overall
Air proses :
Fresh feed : H2O Produk :

CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5
C2H5OH C2H5OH
H2O H2O
H2SO4 Produk bawah
Kolom Distilasi 1 :
CH3COOC2H5
C2H5OH
H 2O
CH3COOH
H2SO4
Perbandingan mol bahan baku menurut Faith and Keyes sbb :

mol C2H5OH : mol CH3COOH : mol H2O = 1.116658 : 1 : 0.0064
Reaksi :
CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O
Yield = 99.5 % = 0.999 (Literatur : 99 - 100 %)
mol ethyl acetate produk = 0.999 mol asam acetate dalam
fresh feed
mol asam acetate dalam fresh feed = ((0.9567606 * 3690.4762) / 88) / 0.999
= 40.164051 kmol/jam
Neraca massa CH3COOH (Asam acetate) :
mol CH3COOH konsumsi = mol CH3COOH masuk
= 40.164051 kmol/jam x 60 kg/kgmol
= 2409.8431 kg/jam
Neraca massa CH3COOC2H5 (Ethyl acetate) :
mol CH3COOC2H5 total = mol CH3COOC2H5 generasi
= 3534.4365 kg/jam
CH3COOC2H5 di B1 + CH3COOC2H5 produk = 3534.4365 kg/jam

CH3COOC2H5 di B1 = 3534.4365 - (0.9567606 * 3690.4672)
= 3.5344365 kg/jam
Neraca massa C2H5OH (Ethanol) :
mol C2H5OH dalam fresh feed = (1.116658/1) * 40.16405
= 44.849509 kmol/jam
= 2063.0774 kg/jam
C2H5OH di B1 = C2H5OH fresh feed - C2H5OH produk - C2H5OH konsumsi
C2H5OH di B1 = 2063.0774 - (0.0012676 * 3690.4672) - (40.16405 * 46)
= 210.85299 kg/jam
Fresh feed terdiri dari :
Ethyl alcohol 95 % = 0.95
Asam acetate 99 % = 0.99
Asam sulfat 96 % = 0.96
Impurities H2O
Kandungan air dalam fresh feed :

Kandungan air dalam ethanol = 0.05/0.95* 2063.0774
= 108.58302
Kandungan air dalam asam acetate = 0.01/0.99* 2409.8431
= 24.341849
Kandungan air dalam asam sulfat = 0.0064/1*40.16405*98*0.04/0.96
= 1.0496205
Sehingga total H2O di fresh feed = 133.97449
Neraca massa H2O :
H2O dalam B1 = H2O fresh feed + H2O proses + H2O generasi - H2O produk
= 133.97449 + ### +
40.164051 *18 - 0.0419718 * 3690.4762
= 9395.1641 kg/jam
Neraca massa H2SO4 :
H2SO4 dalam B1 = H2SO4 dalam fresh feed
= 25.190893 kg/jam
Neraca massa sistem Overall

Komponen Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (kg/jam)
Produk bawah
Fresh feed Air proses Kol. Dis. 1 Produk
CH3COOC2H5 - - 3.5344365 3530.9021
C2H5OH 2063.0774 - 210.85299 4.6781
H2O 133.97449 ### 9395.1641 154.89604
CH3COOH 2409.8431 - - -
H2SO4 25.190893 - 25.190893 -
Jumlah 4632.0859 8693.1327 9634.7424 3690.4762
Total 13325.219 13325.219
VI. Neraca Massa Reaktor Esterifikasi

Reaktor
Esterifikasi
Fresh feed : Feed kolom distilasi 1 :

CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5
C2H5OH C2H5OH
H2O H2O
H2SO4 CH3COOH
H2SO4
Konversi reaktor = 67% = 0.67

C2H5OH di F1 = C2H5OH fresh feed - C2H5OH yang dikonsumsi
= 44.849509 - 0.67 * 40.164051
= 17.939595 kmol/jam
= 17.939595 kmol/jam * 46 kg/kgmol
= 825.22136 kg/jam
Neraca massa CH3COOH (Asam acetate) :
CH3COOH di F1 = CH3COOH fresh feed - CH3COOH yang dikonsumsi
= (1 - 0.67) * 40.164051
= 13.254137 kmol/jam
= 795.24822 kg/jam
CH3COOC2H5 di F1 = CH3COOC2H5 generasi
= 0.67 * 40.164051
= 26.909914 kmol/jam
= 2368.0725 kg/jam
Neraca massa H2O :
H2O di F1 = H2O fresh feed + H2O generasi
= 7.4430273 + ( 0.67 * 40.164051 )
= 34.352942 kmol/jam
= 618.35295 kg/jam
Neraca massa H2SO4 :
H2SO4 di F1 = H2SO4 fresh feed
= 25.190893 kg/jam
Neraca Massa Total Reaktor Esterifikasi :
Komponen Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (kg/jam)
Fresh Feed Fresh Kol. Dis. 1
CH3COOC2H5 - 2368.0725
C2H5OH 2063.0774 825.22136
H2O 133.97449 618.35295
CH3COOH 2409.8431 795.24822
H2SO4 25.190893 25.190893
Jumlah 4632.0859 4632.0859
VII. Neraca Massa Kolom Distilasi I

Neraca Massa Tangki Akumulator I :
F1* = F + B2
= 4632.0859 + 35065.41
= 39697.50 kg/jam
Neraca Total :
D1 = F1* - B1
= 39697.50 - 9634.7424
= 30062.76 kg/jam
CH3COOC2H5 di D1 = CH3COOC2H5 di F1 + CH3COOC2H5 di B2 -
CH3COOC2H5 di B1 + CH3COOC2H5 yang
terbentuk
= 2368.0725 + 2481.65 - 3.5344365
+ 1166.3641
= 6012.55 kg/jam = 0.2
C2H5OH di D1 = C2H5OH di F + C2H5OH di B2 - C2H5OH yang terkonsumsi
- C2H5OH di B1
= (C2H5OH fresh feed - C2H5OH yang dikonsumsi di reaktor )
+ C2H5OH di B2 - (C2H5OH
yang bereaksi total - C2H5OH yang dikonsumsi di reaktor )
- (C2H5OH fresh feed - C2H5OH produk -
C2H5OH konsumsi)
= 825.22136 + 21039.25 - 609.6903
- 210.85299
= 21043.93 kg/jam = 0.7
Neraca massa H2O :
H2O di D1 = HH2O
2
Ofresh
di F1 +
feed
H2O+ di
H2BO2 generasi
+ H2O generasi - H2O di B1
= 2368.0725 + 11544.52 + 238.57446
- 9395.1641
= 4756.00 kg/jam = 0.1
Total = 31812.48
III.1. Reaktor Esterifikasi
Masuk (Kg/jam) Keluar (Kg/jam)
Aliran feed : Aliran R :
C2H5OH 2063.077 CH3COOC2H5 2368.072
H2O 133.9745 C2H5OH 825.2214
CH3COOH 2409.843 H2O 618.353
H2SO4 25.19089 CH3COOH 795.2482
H2SO4 25.19089
Jumlah 4632.0854 4632.0855
III.2. Kolom Distilasi
III.2.1. Tangki Akumulator 1
Aliran R : Aliran F1 :
CH3COOC2H5 2368.072 CH3COOC2H5 4849.722

C2H5OH 825.2214 C2H5OH 21864.308
H2O 618.353 H2O 12162.873

CH3COOH 795.2482 CH3COOH 795.2482
H2SO4 25.19089 H2SO4 25.19089
Aliran B2 :
CH3COOC2H5 2481.65
C2H5OH 21039.25
H2O 11544.52
Jumlah 39697.505 Jumlah 39697.51
III.2.2.Kolom Distilasi 1
Aliran F1 : Aliran D1 :
CH3COOC2H5 4849.722 CH3COOC2H5 6012.55
C2H5OH 21864.308 C2H5OH 21043.93
H2O 12162.873 H2O 3006.28
CH3COOH 795.2482 Aliran B1 :
H2SO4 25.19089 CH3COOC2H5 3.53443
C2H5OH 210.853
H2O 9395.164
H2SO4 25.19089
Jumlah 39697.342 Jumlah 39697.34
III.3. Kolom Distilasi 2
III.3.1.Tangki akumulator 2
Aliran D1 : Aliran F2 :
CH3COOC2H5 6012.55 CH3COOC2H5 6720.21
C2H5OH 21043.93 C2H5OH 21498.85
H2O 3006.28 H2O 11953.05
Aliran L :
CH3COOC2H5 707.65
C2H5OH 454.92
H2O 8946.78
Jumlah 40172.11 Jumlah 40172.11
III.3.2.Kolom Distilasi 2
CH3COOC2H5 6720.21 CH3COOC2H5 4238.56
C2H5OH 21498.85 C2H5OH 459.6
H2O 11953.05 H2O 408.54
Aliran B2 :
CH3COOC2H5 2481.65
C2H5OH 21039.25
H2O 11544.51
H2SO4 0
Jumlah 40172.11 Jumlah 40172.11

III.4.Mixer
Aliran D2 : Aliran e :
CH3COOC2H5 4238.56 CH3COOC2H5 5058.26

C2H5OH 459.6 C2H5OH 548.48
H2O 408.54 H2O 9180.68
Aliran D3 :
CH3COOC2H5 819.7015
C2H5OH 88.8833
H2O 79.00738
Aliran w :
H2O 8693.133
Jumlah 14787.42 Jumlah 14787.42
III.5.Decanter
Aliran e : Aliran F3 :
CH3COOC2H5 5058.26 CH3COOC2H5 4350.604
C2H5OH 548.48 C2H5OH 93.56137
H2O 9180.68 H2O 233.9034
Aliran L :
CH3COOC2H5 707.65
C2H5OH 454.92
H2O 8946.78
Jumlah 14787.42 Jumlah 14787.42
III.6. Kolom Distilasi 3
CH3COOC2H5 4350.604 CH3COOC2H5 819.7015
C2H5OH 93.56137 C2H5OH 88.8833
H2O 233.9034 H2O 79.00738 987.59218
Aliran B3 :
CH3COOC2H5 3530.902
C2H5OH 4.678068
H2O 154.896 3690.4761
Jumlah 4678.0688 Jumlah 4678.069

III.1. Reaktor Esterifikasi
Aliran feed :
C2H5OH
H2O
CH3COOH
H2SO4
frmas E frmass D2
0.342066 0.83
0.037091 0.089999
0.620845 0.080001
14787.42 5106.7
frmass D3
0.83
0.09
0.08
987.5922
APPENDIKS B
PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS
Kapasitas Produksi = 3690.476190476 kg/jam

Suhu referensi = 25 oC
Basis perhitungan = 1 jam operasi
1. Reaktor Esterifikasi (R-110)
Aliran feed :
CH3COOH
C2H5OH
H2O Reaktor
Esterifikasi
H2SO4
Aliran R :
CH3COOC2H5
C2H5OH
H2O
CH3COOH
H2SO4
Asumsi semua feed pada suhu = 30 oC

Reaksi yang terjadi di reaktor :
CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O
Data D Hof
Komponen Tc (K) DHof (kcal/mol)
CH3COOC2H5 523.2 -110.72
C2H5OH 516.2 -66.35
H2O 647.3 -68.3174
CH3COOH 594.4 -116.2
( sumber : Perry, 6th edition; tabel 3-161, hal 3-112 & tabel 3-206, hal 3-149)
Data kapasitas panas untuk fase liquid : (Hougen)

Cp1 (H2SO4) = 0.339 + 0.00038 T (cal/g oC)
Data kapasitas panas untuk fase liquid : (Perry, 7th edition; satuan Joule/kmol K)
Cp2 (CH3COOH) = 1.3964.105 - 3.208.102 T + 8.985.10-1 T2
Cp3 (C2H5OH) = 1.0264.105 - 1.3963.102 T - 3.0341.10-2 T2 + 2.0386.10-3T3
Cp4 (CH3COOC2H5) = 2.2623.105 - 6.248.102 T + 1.472 T2
Cp5 (H2O) = 2.7637.105 - 2.0901.103 T + 8.125 T2
Kemudian dikonversikan ke dalam satuan Kcal/kg oC dengan masing-masing Cp
dikalikan => (1/4.1842)*(1/100)*(1/BM)
Produk 70 0C
Produk 30 0C
Reaksi 25 oC
DHo 298
2. Kolom Distilasi 1 (D-120)
Aliran Komponen Rate massa Enthalpi mxh

m(Kg/jam) h(Kcal/Kg) (Kcal/jam)
B2 CH3COOC2H5 2481.65 27.75813075598 68885.9651906
76.65 C2H5OH 21039.087 25.66169980348 539898.734733
H2O 11544.52 130.3611751502 1504957.19374
R CH3COOC2H5 2368.072 24.57639887716 58198.6820418
70 C2H5OH 825.2214 22.55713502191 18614.6305428
CH3COOH 795.2482 22.76841376488 18106.5400634
H2SO4 25.19089 16.0245 403.671416805
H2O 618.353 118.7614269155 73436.4846175
F1 CH3COOC2H5 4849.722 26.32065148187 127647.842546
73.62 C2H5OH 21864.3084 24.25371133243 530290.624417
CH3COOH 795.2482 24.4340757997 19431.1547984
H2SO4 25.19089 17.380463672 437.82934851
H2O 12162.873 125.208372475 1522893.53295
Panas masuk = 2282501.902 Kcal/jam

Panas keluar = 2073053.142 Kcal/jam
Panas hilang = 0.05 x 2282501.9 = 114125.095 Kcal/jam
3.Kolom Distilasi 2
3.1. Tangki Akumulator 2
Aliran Komponen Rate massa Enthalpi mxh

m(Kg/jam) h(Kcal/Kg) (Kcal/jam)
D1 CH3COOC2H5 6012.55 28.39218136627 170709.410074
77.9 C2H5OH 21043.93 26.28557008201 553151.696816
H2O 3006.28 132.5906548577 398604.633886
L CH3COOC2H5 707.65 8.621059027771 6100.692421
39.6 C2H5OH 454.92 7.631081481101 3471.53158738
H2O 8946.78 47.99486944272 429399.538033
F2* CH3COOC2H5 6720.21 21.24211949118 142751.503826
63.25 C2H5OH 21498.85 19.35001010466 416002.964739
H2O 11953.05 105.7934606022 1264554.52425
Panas hilang = 0.05 x 1561437.5 = 78071.875 Kcal/jam
3.3.Kolom Distilasi 2
Dengan perhitungan BUBL T diperoleh :

Suhu aliran F2 pada buble point = 71.5 C
Suhu aliran D2 pada buble point = 70.05 C
Suhu aliran B2 pada buble point = 76 C
3.4.Kondensor Kolom Distilasi 2
Treff = 25 C
h liq(25C)= 0
Diperoleh suhu V2 = 70 C
Perhitungan Enthalpy V dan D

Enthalpy V2
Komponen A B C D
CH3COOC2H5 7.2351 0.4072 -2.09E-08 -2.86E-08
C2H5OH 9.014 0.2141 -8.39E-05 1.37E-09
H2O 32.24 0.00192 1.06E-05 -3.60E-09
Data li pada Tb(Sumber : Holland,"Multi Component Distilation")

Komponen Tb(K) li padaTb BM y(mole fr)
CH3COOC2H5 350.3 7700 88 0.59571322071
C2H5OH 351.5 9260 46 0.12357304936
H2O 373.2 9717 18 0.28071372993
CH3COOH 391.1 5600 60
Suhu vapor = T dew = 70 C

Komponen y li ,298 Cp dT Hi yHi
CH3COOC2H5 0.595713220706 8510.842 6153.9473701987 14664.7893702 23.72677545057
C2H5OH 0.123573049362 10262.225 3105.6242403974 13367.8492404 8.582934439945
H2O 0.280713729931 11335.662 1520.3984215232 12856.06042152 47.91895943737
Jumlah 80.2286693279
Hv = 80.22867 Cal/g
Enthalpy D2
Komponen massa xi Cp dT= hi xi hi
CH3COOC2H5 4238.56 0.829999804 24.57639887716 20.3984062555
C2H5OH 459.6 0.089999413 22.55713502191 2.03012890048
H2O 408.54 0.080000783 118.7614269155 9.50100717725
Jumlah 5106.7 31.9295423332
x dalam fraksi massa

h dalam cal/gram
didapat : hD = 31.929542 cal/gram
Perhitungan Beban Kondensor Kolom Distilasi 2

Menentukan Rm dengan metode Underwood
Komponen x mole y mole K a

CH3COOC2H5 0.0632278632849 0.2285 3.6139130460626 5.017612021279
C2H5OH 0.3869596941144 0.3755 0.9703853029432 1.347297762636
H2O 0.5498124429389 0.396 0.7202456130009 1
Heavy key : air
Light key : ethyl acetate
dimana : Harga y diperoleh dari perhitungan BUBLE T
Feed masuk pada kondisi liquid jenuh, q=1;
Dengan trial dan error diperoleh: q = 4.1169
Untuk q = 4.1169
Komponen xD(mole fr) (a-q)/a xD/(a-q)/a
CH3COOC2H5 0.0632278632849 0.1795100971 0.3522245505812
C2H5OH 0.3869596941144 0.1242470427 3.1144378628568
H2O 0.5498124429389 -0.1799 -3.0562114671662
0.4104509462718
R = 1.3 x Rm = 0.53358623
sehingga V1 = (R+1) D
= (10984814+1) x 5106.7
= 15242.54965 Kg/jam
Qc = V1(hD-Hv) = -736201.8735
Cp air = 1 Kcal/Kg C
Rate air pendingin = 736201.9(kcal/jam)/((1 Kcal/Kg C) ( 45-30) ( C))

= 49080.12667 Kg/jam
3.5.Reboiler Kolom Distilasi

Enthalpy F2
CH3COOC2H5 6720.21 0.167285462 25.30277018307 4.23278561201
C2H5OH 21498.85 0.535168554 23.26207246362 12.4491296719
H2O 11953.05 0.297545984 121.4729930204 36.1438012398
40172.11 52.8257165237
hF2 = 52.825717 Kcal/kg
Enthalpy B2
CH3COOC2H5 2481.65 0.070772003 27.45145013058 1.94279410361
C2H5OH 21039.25 0.599999943 25.36056523593 15.2163376951
H2O 11544.52 0.329228054 129.2734742205 42.5604543909
35065.42 59.7195861896
hB2 = 59.719586 Kcal/kg
Neraca panas sistem total :

Asumsi Qloss = 0.05 QR
40172 x 52.825717 + 0.95 x QR = 5106.7 x 31.929542
+ 736201.9 +35065.42 x 59.719586
QR = 917088.5833 Kcal/jam
Sebagai pemanas digunakan steam pada suhu 162.3 oC(95 psia)

l = 891.5 Btu/lbm = 495.603 Kcal/Kg
HL = 294.7 Btu/lbm = 168.83 Kcal/Kg
Steam yang dibutuhkan = 917088.58 : 495.603
= 1850.450017453 Kg/jam
4. MIXER
Asumsi : Qloss = 0
T reff = 25 C
Neraca panas pada mixer :

Aliran D3
CH3COOC2H5 819.7015 0.82999999 24.57639887716 20.3984108341
C2H5OH 88.8833 0.090000004 22.55713502191 2.03014223877
H2O 79.00738 0.080000006 118.7614269155 9.50091482666
987.59218 31.9294678996
hD3 = 31.929468
Aliran w
CH3COOC2H5 0 0 1.828052674346 0
C2H5OH 0 0 1.593274678862 0
H2O 8693.133 1 10.76162806909 10.7616280691
8693.133 10.7616280691
hw = 10.761628
Aliran e :
CH3COOC2H5 5058.26 0.34206508 4.946201588844 1.69192284041
C2H5OH 548.48 0.037090987 4.341713300658 0.16103843072
H2O 9180.68 0.620843934 28.39309534447 17.6276809996
14787.42 19.4806422707
he: 33.839364
Aliran htot Rate massa htot x rate Suhu( C)

Aliran D2 31.929542 5106.7 163054.5921314 70.05
Aliran D3 31.929468 987.59218 31533.29290836 70.05
w 10.761628 8693.133 93552.26350052 28
Aliran e : -190480642 14787.42 -2816717255124 33.235
Cheq panas total = -2816716966984 = 0
Sehingga di dapat suhu aliran e : 33.235 C
5. Kolom Distilasi 3
Komponen Rate massa aliran F3* aliran F3

m(Kg/jam) enthalpy mxh enthalpy mxh
h(Kcal/Kg) (Kcal/jam) h(kcal/Kg) (Kcal/jam)
CH3COOC2H5 4350.604 4.946788862 21521.51941006 25.085400736 109136.644783
C2H5OH 93.56137 4.342234614 406.2654193314 23.0508811254 2156.6720178
H2O 233.9034 28.39655825 6642.051523017 120.665624305 28224.099788
Jumlah 4678.06877 37.68558173 28569.83635241 168.801906166 139517.416589

Q hilang = 0.05 x 28569.836 = 1428.4918 Kcal/jam
Qsteam = 139517.4 + 1428.4918 -28569.836
= 112376.0558 Kcal/jam

l = 891.5 Btu/lbm = 495.603 Kcal/Kg
= 226.746125427
5.2.Kolom Distilasi 3
Dengan perhitungan BUBL T diperoleh :

Suhu aliran F3 pada buble point = 71.3 C
Suhu aliran D3 pada buble point = 70.25 C
Suhu aliran B3 pada buble point = 73.4 C
5.3. Kondensor Kolom Distilasi 3
T reff = 25 C
h liq pada 25 C = 0
Diperoleh suhu V3 = 70.15 C
Perhitungan Enthalpy V dan D

Enthalpy V3
Komponen A B C D
CH3COOC2H5 7.2351 0.4072 -2.09E-08 -2.86E-08
C2H5OH 9.014 0.2141 -8.39E-05 1.37E-09
H2O 32.24 0.00192 1.06E-05 -3.60E-09

CH3COOC2H5 350.3 7700 88 0.59571441669
C2H5OH 351.5 9260 46 0.12357408161
H2O 373.2 9717 18 0.28071150193
CH3COOH 391.1 5600 60 0
Suhu vapor = T dew = 70.25 C

CH3COOC2H5 0.595714416695 8510.842 6194.973686 14705.815686 23.79320140961
C2H5OH 0.123574081614 10315.484 3126.328402 13441.812402 8.630495172137
H2O 0.280711501933 10653.621 1530.534411 12184.155411 45.41417788943
Jumlah 77.8378744712
Hv = 77.83787 Cal/g
Enthalpy D3
Komponen massa xi Cp dT= hi xi hi mxhi
CH3COOC2H5 819.7015 0.82999999 24.69782018991 20.4991905226 16803.2172201
C2H5OH 88.8833 0.090000004 22.67481676921 2.04073359648 181.387136476
H2O 79.00738 0.080000006 119.2174166991 9.53739401193 753.52451291
987.59218 32.077318131

h dalam cal/gram


CH3COOC2H5 0.766880480913 0.7098 0.9255679570237 0.765557142327
C2H5OH 0.031550012971 0.0465 1.4738504241868 1.219053350319
H2O 0.201569505769 0.2437 1.2090122415613 0.999999999637
Heavy key : air

dimana : Harga y diperoleh dari perhitungan BUBLE T
Untuk q = 0.4896
CH3COOC2H5 0.595714416695 0.3604657668 1.6526241091004
C2H5OH 0.123574081614 0.5983768882 0.2065154655041
H2O 0.280711501933 0.5103999998 0.5499833503739
2.4091229249784
R = 1.3 x Rm = 1.831859802
= (1.8318598+1) x 987.59218
= 2796.722593 Kg/jam
Qc = V1(hD-Hv) = -127979.57
Rate air pendingin = 127979.6(kcal/jam)/((1 Kcal/Kg C) ( 45-30) ( C))

= 8531.971331 Kg/jam
3.5.Reboiler Kolom Distilasi
Enthalpy F3
CH3COOC2H5 4350.604 0.930000009 25.20621862869 23.4417835612
C2H5OH 93.56137 0.019999999 23.16824020697 0.4633647774
H2O 233.9034 0.049999992 121.1148010887 6.05573905767
4678.06877 29.9608873963
hF3 = 29.9608874 Kcal/kg
Enthalpy B3
CH3COOC2H5 3530.902 0.956760573 26.21549174896 25.0819489116 92564.3322474
C2H5OH 4.678068 0.001267606 24.15105730622 0.03061401462 112.98028835
H2O 154.896 0.041971821 124.8258669386 5.23916890899 19335.0274853
3690.476068 30.3517318353
hB3 = 30.35173184 Kcal/kg

4678.06877 x 29.960887 + 0.95 QR = 987.59218 x 32.077318 + 127979.6
+3690.47607 x 30.351732
QR = 138433.8177 Kcal/jam

l = 891.5 Btu/lbm = 495.603 Kcal/Kg
= 279.3240107583 Kg/jam
5.5.Pendingin Produk
Rate produk = 3690.4762 Kg/jam
Komponen mass fr(xi)

CH3COOC2H5 0.956761
C2H5OH 0.001268
H2O 0.041972
Perhitungan enthalpy
Enthalpy hB3 = 30.35173184 Kcal/kg
Enthalpy produk
Komponen xi Cp dT= hi xi hi xi hi massa

CH3COOC2H5 0.956761 5.978366669 5.719868073 34.1954686411 3530.90369959
C2H5OH 0.001268 5.260093587 0.006669798668 0.0350837652 4.6795238216
H2O 0.041972 34.0276782 1.428209709277 48.5986603848 154.896667066
82.8292127911
hp = 82.82921279 Kcal/kg
Beban cooler = rate x (hp-hB3)

= 3690.4762 x (82.829213-30.351732)
= 193666.8945
Cp air = 1 (Kcal/Kg C)
Rate air pendingin = 193666.89 : (1 x (45-30))

= 12911.1263
BAB IV
NERACA PANAS
Reaktor 1
Masuk (Kcal/jam) Keluar (Kcal/jam)
Aliran feed : Aliran produk :

C2H5OH 5538.237788 CH3COOC2H5 58198.6820418
H2 O 2552.847395 C2H5OH 18614.6305428
CH3COOH 6780.069384 CH3COOH 18106.5400634
H2SO4 42.4592451 H2SO4 403.671416805
H2O 15911.0027903
Q steam : 211898.8281 DHo reaksi : 94523.644488
Q loss : 10594.9414047
Jumlah total 226812.4419 Jumlah total 226353.113
IV.2.Kolom Distilasi 1
IV.2.1.Tangki akumulator 1
Aliran R : Aliran F1* :

CH3COOC2H5 58198.68204 CH3COOC2H5 127647.842546
C2H5OH 18614.63054 C2H5OH 530290.624417
CH3COOH 18106.54006 CH3COOH 19431.1547984
H2SO4 403.6714168 H2SO4 437.82934851
H2O 73436.48462 H2O 1522893.53295
Aliran B2 : Qloss : 114125.1

CH3COOC2H5 68885.96519
C2H5OH 539898.7347
H2O 1504957.194
IV.2.2.Preheater Kolom Distilasi 1
Aliran F1* : Aliran F1 :

CH3COOC2H5 127647.8425 CH3COOC2H5 149698.474504
C2H5OH 530290.6244 C2H5OH 628331.006931
CH3COOH 19431.1548 CH3COOH 22915.6997905
H2SO4 437.8293485 H2SO4 530.88401447
H2O 1522893.533 H2O 1715713.94155
Q steam : 426524.1 Qloss 110035.05
IV.2.3. Kolom Distilasi 1
CH3COOC2H5 149698.4745 CH3COOC2H5 170709.410074
C2H5OH 628331.0069 C2H5OH 553151.696816
CH3COOH 22915.69979 H2O 398604.633886
H2SO4 530.8840145
H2O 1715713.942 Aliran B1 :
CH3COOC2H5 132.061213601
Q reboiler 8344577.598 C2H5OH 7443.56800455
H2SO4 674.411010898
H2O 1521580.34159
Q kondensor 7169957.07507
Q loss 417228.879923
IV.3.1.Tangki Akumulator 2
Aliran D1 : Aliran F2* :

CH3COOC2H5 170709.4101 CH3COOC2H5 142751.503826
C2H5OH 553151.6968 C2H5OH 416002.964739
H2O 398604.6339 H2O 1264554.52425
Aliran L : Q loss 28071.875

CH3COOC2H5 6100.692421
C2H5OH 3471.531587
H2O 429399.538
IV.3.2. Preheater Kolom Distilasi 2

CH3COOC2H5 142751.5038 CH3COOC2H5 170039.929212
C2H5OH 416002.9647 C2H5OH 500107.806585
H2O 1264554.524 H2O 1451972.75922
Qsteam 389976.45 Q loss 91165.45
IV.3.3.Kolom Distilasi 2
CH3COOC2H5 170039.9292 CH3COOC2H5 104168.541225
C2H5OH 500107.8066 C2H5OH 10367.2592561
H2O 1451972.759 H2O 48518.7933521
Q reboiler 917088.5833 Aliran B2 :

CH3COOC2H5 68124.8912165
C2H5OH 533567.27214
H2O 1492400.20861
Q loss 45854.4291644
IV.4.MIXER
Aliran D2 : Aliran e
CH3COOC2H5 104168.541 CH3COOC2H5 25019.17365
C2H5OH 10367.2593 C2H5OH 2381.342911
H2O 48518.7934 H2O 260667.9226
Aliran D3 :
CH3COOC2H5 20145.311
C2H5OH 2004.9526
H2O 9383.02919
Aliran W :
H2O 93552.2641
IV.5.1.Preheater Kolom Distilasi 3

CH3COOC2H5 21521.5194 CH3COOC2H5 109136.6448
C2H5OH 406.265419 C2H5OH 2156.672018
H2O 6642.05152 H2O 28224.09979
Qsteam 112376.056 Q loss 1428.4918
IV.5.2.Kolom Distilasi 3
CH3COOC2H5 109136.645 CH3COOC2H5 16803.21722
C2H5OH 2156.67202 C2H5OH 181.3871365
H2O 28224.0998 H2O 753.5245129
Q reboiler 138433.818 Aliran B3 :

CH3COOC2H5 92564.33225
C2H5OH 112.9802884
H2O 19335.02749
Q loss 6921.690885
IV.6.Pendingin produk
Aliran B3 : Aliran Produk :

CH3COOC2H5 92564.3322 CH3COOC2H5 21109.03699
C2H5OH 112.980288 C2H5OH 24.61473324
H2O 19335.0275 H2O 5270.773941
Q cooler 193666.895

Aliran m hi mxhi
C2H5OH 2063.077 -2.684455203 -5538.23779
H2O 133.9745 -19.05472605 -2552.84739
CH3COOH 2409.843 -2.813490084 -6780.06938
H2SO4 25.19089 -1.6855 -42.4592451
-14913.6138
lanjutan reaktor esterifikasi
H reaktan = -14913.6138 Kcal/jam
H reaksi = ((-110.72)+(-68.3174)-(-116.2)-(-66.35))x(0.67x40.1640x1000)
= 3.5126 Kcal/mol x 26909.88 mol/jam
= 94523.6445 Kcal/jam
H produk = 25.19089x16.06725+(795.2482/251052)x5817121.493+
(829.2214/192473.2)x5499542.806+(2368.072/368209.6)x
7984539.6+(618.353/75315.6)x3388237.408
= 121693.856 Kcal/jam
H total = -14913.61+94523.6445+121693.856
= 201303.887 Kcal/jam

l = 891.5 Btu/lbm = 495.603 Kcal/Kg
Qsteam = Htot/0.95 = 211898.82809
Asumsi Qloss=5%Qsteam. Qloss = 10594.9414
= 406.179718 Kg/jam
2.2.Preheater Kolom Distilasi 1

CH3COOC2H5 4849.722 26.3206515 127647.84255 30.8674342 149698.4745
C2H5OH 21864.308 24.2537113 530290.61472 28.7377495 628331.0069
CH3COOH 795.2482 24.4340758 19431.154798 28.8157833 22915.69979
H2SO4 25.19089 17.3804637 437.82934851 21.07444455 530.8840145
H2O 12162.873 125.208372 1522893.5329 141.061568 1715713.942
Jumlah 39697.34209 217.597275 2200700.9744 250.55698 2517190.007
Panas masuk = 2200701 Kcal/jam

Panas keluar = 2517190 Kcal/jam
Q hilang = 0.05 x 2200701 = 110035.05 Kcal/jam
Qsteam = 2517190 + 110035.1 - 2200701
= 426524.1 Kcal/jam

l = 891.5 Btu/lbm = 495.603 Kcal/Kg
= 860.61646116
3.2. Preheater Kolom Distilasi 2

CH3COOC2H5 6720.21 21.2421195 142751.50383 25.3027702 170039.9292
C2H5OH 21498.85 19.3500101 416002.96474 23.2620725 500107.8066
H2O 11953.05 105.793461 1264554.5243 121.472993 1451972.759
Jumlah 40172.11 146.38559 1823308.9928 170.037836 2122120.495
Panas masuk = 1823309 Kcal/jam

Panas keluar = 2122120 Kcal/jam
Q hilang = 0.05 x 1823309 = 91165.45 Kcal/jam
Qsteam = 2122120 + 91165.45 - 1823309
= 389976.45 Kcal/jam

l = 891.5 Btu/lbm = 495.603 Kcal/Kg
= 786.87275904
massa D2
4238.56 48.1654545455 0.595713221
459.6 9.99130434783 0.123573049
408.54 22.6966666667 0.28071373
80.8534255599 1
Cp
6194.973686 136.754386004
3126.328402 69.0138720088
1530.534411 33.7866315894
panas D2
104168.5412
10367.25926
48518.79335
massa F2 mol
6720.21 76.3660227273
21498.85 467.366304348
11953.05 664.058333333
1207.79066041
panas F2
170039.9292
500107.8066
1451972.759
panas b2
68124.89122
533567.2721
1492400.209
panas d3
20145.31102
2004.952599
9383.029186
panas w
0
0
93552.2641
panas e
25019.17365
2381.342911
260667.9226
masa D3 mol
819.7015 9.31478977273
88.8833 1.93224565217
79.00738 4.38929888889
987.59218 15.6363343138
massa F3 mol
4350.604 49.43868182 88
93.56137 2.033942826 46
233.9034 12.99463333 18
64.46725798
mxhi
21109.037
24.6147332
5270.77394
163054.594
2094092.37
17738.129
112012.34
7x40.1640x1000)
2/368209.6)x
Aliran D1 mol fraksi mol
6012.55 68.3244318 0.0986183
21043.93 457.476739 0.660314
3006.28 167.015556 0.2410674
692.816727
2.3Kolom Distilasi I
Perhitungan BUBL T
Komponen fraksi mol Pc Tc(K) Konstanta Antoine
(mmHg) A B C
CH3COOC2H5 0.09862 29102.4 523.25 7.0146 1211.9 216.01
C2H5OH 0.66031 46113.8 513.85 8.2133 1652.05 231.48
H2O 0.24107 165426.1 647.15 7.9492 1657.46 227.02
Persamaan Antoine
diperoleh:
T1 sat = 77.1595 = 350.31 K
T2 sat = 78.3286 = 351.48 K
T3 sat = 100.0025 = 373.15 K
Pendekatan T awal : 357 K = 83.9 C

T
Komponen xi XixTisat
CH3COOC2H5 0.09862 34.547572
C2H5OH 0.66031 232.08576 T = 356.58K = 83.58 C
H2O 0.24107 89.955271
Jumlah 356.5886
Evaluasi Psat pada T awal dengan persamaan Antoine :
P1sat = 930.99 mmHg
P2sat = 939.28 mmHg
P3sat = 410.45 mmHg
Untuk mencari gamma dengan menggunakan persamaan Van Laar :
diperoleh Aij dan square Bij
ij Aij sguare Bij

12 1.6135 -10.8755
13 4.5968 -58.1704
21 0.6197 8.5617
23 2.8489 -37.2329
31 0.2175 27.1316
32 0.351 22.0591
Persamaan gamma :
Pada T awal didapat :

g1= 1.675145
g 2= 1.011334
g3= 3.51888
Nilai f i = 1
Pksat
didapat :
P1sat = 636 mmHg
P2sat = 638 mmHg
P3sat = 280 mmHg
Kemudian salah satu nilai Psat dimasukkan ke persamaan antoine untuk
mendapatkan T baru.
Diperoleh T baru = 353 K
Langkah tersebut diulang sampai Tbaru - Tlama = 0
Setelah T diperoleh kemudian menghitung y dengan persamaan :
diperoleh :
Tbuble = 350.9 K
y1 = 0.1467
y2 = 0.5502
y3 = 0.3031
Dengan perhitungan BUBL T pada kolom Distilasi 1 dipeeroleh :
Suhu aliran F1 pada buble point= 83.35 C
Suhu aliran D1 pada buble point= 77.9 C
Suhu aliran B1 pada buble point= 98 C
2.4.Kondensor Kolom Distilasi 1
Tref = 25 C
hliq(25C) = 0
Perhitungan Dew T
Contoh : Distilat Kolom Distilasi 1
Komponen fraksi mol Pc Tc(K) Konstanta Antoine
(mmHg) A B C
CH3COOC2H5 0.09862 29102.4 523.25 7.0146 1211.9 216.01
C2H5OH 0.66031 46113.8 513.85 8.2133 1652.05 231.48
H2O 0.24107 165426.1 647.15 7.9492 1657.46 227.02
Persamaan Antoine
diperoleh:
T1 sat = 77.1595 = 350.31 K
T2 sat = 78.3286 = 351.48 K
T3 sat = 100.0025 = 373.15 K
Pendekatan T awal : 357 K = 83.9 C
T = 357 K = 83.9 C
Evaluasi Psat pada T awal dengan persamaan Antoine :

P1sat = 930.99 mmHg
P2sat = 939.28 mmHg
P3sat = 410.45 mmHg
Untuk mencari gamma dengan menggunakan persamaan Van Laar :
Diperoleh :
ij Aij sguare Bij
12 1.6135 -10.8755
13 4.5968 -58.1704
21 0.6197 8.5617
23 2.8489 -37.2329
31 0.2175 27.1316
32 0.351 22.0591
Persamaan untuk menghitung x :
Set nilai fi = 1
gi = 1
diperoleh :
x1 = 0.0753
x2 = 0.497
x3 = 0.4117
Persamaan gamma :
Pada T awal didapat :

g1= 2.4911
g2= 1.0942
g3= 2.6473
Persamaan untuk menghitung Pi sat :
didapat :
P1 sat = 993.1
P2 sat = 1008.9
P3 sat = 444.98
Kemudian salah satu nilai Psat dimasukkan ke persamaan Antoine untuk
mendapatkan T baru.
Tbaru = 85.6 C = 358.6 K
Setelah T diperoleh kemudian menghitung y dengan persamaan :
diperoleh :
Tdew = 354.15 K = 81 C
x1 = 0.09862
x2 = 0.66031
x3 = 0.24107
Perhitungan Enthalpi V dan D

Enthalpy V1
Komponen A B C D
CH3COOC2H5 7.2351 0.4072 -2.09E-08 -2.86E-08
C2H5OH 9.014 0.2141 -8.39E-05 1.37E-09
H2O 32.24 0.00192 1.06E-05 -3.60E-09

CH3COOC2H5 350.3 7700 88 0.09862
C2H5OH 351.5 9260 46 0.66031
H2O 373.2 9717 18 0.24107
CH3COOH 391.1 5600 60 0
Suhu vapor = T dew = 81 C

CH3COOC2H5 0.09862 8510.842 7636.451 16147.2934 4.325042573
C2H5OH 0.66031 10262.225 3842.567 14104.7916 48.39104931
H2O 0.24107 11335.662 1862.39 13198.0521 42.24631426
Jumlah 94.9624061
Hv = 94.9624 Cal/g
Enthalpy D1
CH3COOC2H5 6012.55 0.200003 28.39218137 5.67852127
C2H5OH 21043.93 0.7000106 26.28557008 18.4001789
H2O 3006.28 0.1000017 132.5906549 13.259286
30062.76 37.3379861

h dalam cal/gram


CH3COOC2H5 0.045186 0.1856 4.1074669145 5.56663278
C2H5OH 0.389712 0.411 1.0546249538 1.42927745
H2O 0.554025 0.4088 0.7378728397 1.00000005
CH3COOH 0.010867 0.0033 0.3036716665 0.41155016
H2SO4 0.000211 0 0 0
Total 1 1
dimana :
Heavy key : air
Harga y diperoleh dari perhitungan BUBLE T

Untuk q = 1.1799
CH3COOC2H5 0.09862 0.78804063 0.1251458323
C2H5OH 0.66031 0.17447799 3.7844889096
H2O 0.24107 -0.1798999 -1.340022707
2.5696120348
Rm = 1.569612
R = 2 x Rm = 3.139224
= (3.139224+1) x 30062.76
= 124436.5 Kg/jam
Qc = V1(hD-Hv) = -7169957
Rate air pendingin = 7169957(kcal/jam)/((1 Kcal/Kg C) ( 45-30) ( C))

= 477997.13 Kg/jam
2.5.Reboiler Kolom Distilasi 1
Perhitungan hF1
CH3COOC2H5 4849.722 0.2687735 30.86743415 8.29634805
C2H5OH 210.853 0.0116856 28.73774953 0.33581658
CH3COOH 795.2482 0.044073 28.81578329 1.26999705
H2SO4 25.19089 0.0013961 21.07444455 0.0294218
H2O 12162.87 0.674071 141.0615684 95.0855147
Jumlah 18043.8841 105.017098
Jadi hF1 = 105.0171 Kcal/kg
Perhitungan hB1
CH3COOC2H5 3.53443 0.0003668 37.36421816 0.01370678 132.061214
C2H5OH 210.853 0.0218847 35.30216788 0.77257591 7443.568
H2SO4 25.19089 0.0026146 26.77202 0.06999784 674.411011
H2O 9395.164 0.9751341 161.953569 157.926456 1521580.34
Jumlah 9634.74232 158.782736
hB1 = 158.7827 Kcal/kg

hD1 = 37.337799 Kcal/Kg

18043.88 x 105.0171 + 0.95 x QR = 30062.76 x 37.3378
+7169957 + 9634.742 x 158.7827
QR = 8344577.6 Kcal/jam
Sebagai pemanas digunakan steam pada suhu 162.3 C

l = 891.5 Btu/lbm = 495.603 Kcal/Kg
Steam yang dibutuhkan = 8344578 : 495.603
= 16837.22253 Kg/jam
log Pc
4.4639
4.6638
5.2186
BM
88
46
18
massa mol fr mol
4849.722 55.11048 0.0451856
21864.308 475.31104 0.3897117
12162.873 675.71517 0.5540247
795.2482 13.254137 0.0108672
25.19089 0.2570499 0.0002108
1219.6479
88
46
18
APPENDIKS C
PERHITUNGAN SPESIFIKASI PERALATAN
1.STORAGE ASAM ASETAT (F-111)
Komponen BM Rate(kg/jam) x r(lb/jam) x/r

Asam asetat 88 2409.843 0.99 48.67 0.02034107
Air 18 24.34184848 0.01 62.4 0.00016026
Total 2434.184848 0.02050133
r campuran = 48.7773258 lb/cuft

Rate massa = 2434.18485 kg/jam = 5366.40392 lb/jam
Storage direncanakan untuk menyimpan asam asetat selama 1 bulan berupa
2 buah tangki dengan ukuran yang sama.
Vol liquida dalam tiap storage = 5366 . 4039 x 30 x 24
48. 777326 x 2
= 39606.6283 ft3
Volume liquida = 80% volume tangki
Volume tangki = 39606.6283/0.8
= 49508.2854 ft3
Ditetapkan H/D =1
Maka : V=(1/4)* pD3
Sehingga : D= 39.80485
Standarisasi : D = 40 ft
H tangki 40 ft
Digunakan plate dengan lebar standar = 96" = 8 ft

Jumlah courses = 5 buah
Bahan yang digunakan adalah stainless steel SA-182 grade F-310 dengan sistem
pengelasan double welded butt join.
Dari Brownell and Young appendiks D :

Stress yang diijinkan, f allowable = 17000 psi
Effisiensi pengelasan, E = 0.85
Faktor korosi, C = 0.125"
p= r ( H−1) persamaan 3.17 Brownell&Young

144
dimana : r = densitas liquida, lb/cuft

H = tinggi courses, dihitung dari bagian bottom, ft
p = internal pressur = psi
maka p = 13.210526 psi

Menghitung tebal courses :
t= ρ(H −1).12. D +C persamaan 3.18 Brownell&young
144 .2. f . E
t= 0.00562599 (H-1) + 1/8
Courses 1= 0.00562599 (40-1) + 1/8
= 0.3444136 in = 3/8 "
Courses 2= 0.00562599 (32-1) + 1/8
= 0.2994057 in = 5/16"
Courses 3= 0.00562599 (24-1) + 1/8
= 0.2543978 in = 5/16"
Courses 4= 0.00562599 (16-1) + 1/8
= 0.2093899 in = 1/4"
Courses 5= 0.00562599 (8-1) + 1/8
= 0.1643819 in = 3/16"
Tutup atas berbentuk konical :
th = 3/8"
min_ sin q= D pers 4.6.Brownell&Young
430.t
sin q = 0.248062
q= 14.362862
th min = p.d p = p beban hidup+p beban mati
2.f . E .sin θ = 32.65 lb/ft2
maka :
th min = 0.1821734
th min = 3/16"
Jadi trial th = 3/8" telah memenuhi syarat th minimum.
Tebal bagian alas (bottom) = tebal courses 1 = 3/8"
Tinggi tutup atas = 5.12 ft
Tinggi total = 45.12 ft
2. STORAGE ETHANOL (F-112)

Asam asetat 88 2063.077 0.95 48.67 0.01951921
Air 18 108.583 0.05 62.4 0.00080128
Total 2171.66 0.02032049

Vol liquida dalam tiap storage = 49.211404∗2¿
4787.6416∗30∗24¿ ¿
¿
= 35023.4059 ft3
= 43779.2574 ft3
Ditetapkan H/D =1
Maka : V=(1/4)* pD3
Standarisasi : D = 40 ft
H tangki 40 ft
Digunakan plate dengan lebar standar = 96" = 8 ft

Jumlah courses = 5 buah

Stress yang diijinkan, f allowable = 17000 psi
Effisiensi pengelasan, E = 0.85
Faktor korosi, C = 0.125"
p= r ( H−1) persamaan 3.17 Brownell&Young

144

maka p = 13.328089 psi

144 .2. f . E
t= 0.00567606 (H-1) + 1/8
Courses 1= 0.00567606 (40-1) + 1/8
= 0.3463663 in = 3/8 "
Courses 2= 0.00567606 (32-1) + 1/8
= 0.3009579 in = 5/16"
Courses 3= 0.00567606 (24-1) + 1/8
= 0.2555494 in = 5/16"
Courses 4= 0.00567606 (16-1) + 1/8
= 0.2101409 in = 1/4"
Courses 5= 0.00567606 (8-1) + 1/8
= 0.1647324 in = 3/16"

th = 3/8"
430.t
sin q = 0.248062
q= 14.362862
2.f . E .sin θ = 32.65 lb/ft2
maka :
th min = 0.1821734
th min = 3/16"
3. STORAGE ASAM SULFAT (F-113)

Asam sulfat 98 25.19089 0.96 118.65 0.00809102
Air 18 1.049620417 0.04 62.4 0.00064103
Total 26.24051042 0.00873205
Storage direncanakan untuk menyimpan asam sulfat selama 1 bulan.

Waktu tinggal = 720 jam
r campuran = 114.52065 lb/ft3
P operasi = 1 atm
Volume liquida (VL) = rate massa*waktu tinggal / densitas
= 363.706259 ft3
Volume liquida (VL) = 80 % volume tangki (VT)
Volume tangki (VT) = volume liquida / 0.8
= 454.632824 ft3
Tangki berupa silinder tegak dengan tutup atas dan bawah berupa standard
dished head
V tutup atas (Vta) = 0.0847 Ds3
V tutup bawah (Vtb) = 0.0847 Ds3
V shell (Vs) = (1/4) x p x Ds2 x Hs
Ditetapkan Hs (tinggi silinder) = 1.5 Ds (diameter silinder), maka :
V tangki = V tutup atas + V tutup bawah + V shell
= 0.0847 Ds3 + 0.0847 Ds3 + 1.1775 Ds3 = 1.3469 Ds3
Jika V tangki = 454.63282 ft3 maka diperoleh :
Ds = 6.96366 ft
Dengan tabel 5.7 Brownell and Young dilakukan standarisasi sebagai berikut :
Ds = 7 ft = 84 in
Hs = 10.5 ft = 126 in
Volume silinder, Vs :
Vs = (1/4) x p x Ds2 x Hs
= (1/4) x p x 7 x 7 x 10.5
= 403.8825 ft3
Volume tutup atas, Vta
Vta = 0.0847 Ds3
Vta = 0.08470x 7 x 7 x 7 = 29.0521 ft3
Volume tutup bawah, Vtb
Vtb = 0.0847 Ds3
= 29.0521 ft3
Volume tangki, VT
VT = Vs + Vta + Vtb
= 461.9867 ft3
Bahan yang digunakan : Carbon Steel (SA-30)
f allawable 10000 psi
Sistem pengelasan double welded butt join
Efisiensi pengelasan, E = 0.8
Faktor korosi = 0.125 in
Tinggi liquida yamg ditampung dalam silinder, HLs :
Volume liquid = (1/4) x p x Ds2 x HLs + volume tutup bawah
454.6328238 = (1/4) x p x7^2 x HLs + 29.0521
HLs = 11.0641031
Tinggi tutup atas dan tutup bawah :
rc =r = ID = 7 ft = 84 in
icr = 6% . D
= 0.06 x 84 = 5.04 in
Sf = 2 in
a = ID/2 = 42 in
b = Rc−√( BC )2−( AB )2
AB = (ID/2) - (icr)
= 42 - 5.04
= 36.96 in
BC = r-icr
= 84 - 5.04
= 78.96 in
b= 84−√(78.96)2 −(36.96)2
= 14.224359 in = 1.18536325 ft
Tinggi liquida, HL :
HL = HLS + b + Sf
HL = 11.064103 + 1.18536325 + 2
HL = 14.249466 ft
Tinggi head = OA = th + b + sf
P hidrostatis = r x (g/gc) x HL / 144
= 11.3323482 psig
P operasi= 1 atm = 0 psig
P design = P operasi (gauge) + P hidrostatis
Faktor keamanan untuk tekanan design adalah 5 %
P design = 1.05 x( 11.3323482 + 0)
= 11.8989656 psi
Tebal silinder, ts :
ts = p.d +C pers.13.1 Brownell&Young
2.( f . E−0.6 p)
dimana : p = tekanan design(psig)
di = diameter silinder, in
E = efisiensi pengelasan
C = faktor korosi
f = stress maksimum yang diijinkan
ts = 2(10000x0.8−0.6x11.898966)¿ + 0.125
11.898966x84¿ ¿
¿
= 0.1875254 in
Tebal plate standar untuk silinder yaitu 3/16"
Tebal tutup atas, ta :
tta = 0. 885. p. r c +C
f . E−0. 1 p
= 10000x0.8−0. 1 x11. 898966¿ 0.125
0. 885x11.898966x84¿ ¿
¿
= 0.2355876 in
Tebal plate standar untuk tutup atas yaitu 1/4"
Tebal tutup bawah, tb : ΔQi=
ttb = 0. 885. p. r c +C
f . E−0. 1 p
= 10000x0. 8−0. 1 x11. 898966¿ + 0.125
0. 885x11. 898966x84¿ ¿
¿
= 0.2355876 in
Tebal plate standar untuk tutup bawah yaitu 1/4"
4.POMPA ASAM ASETAT (L-114)
Jenis pompa : pompa sentrifugal

Komponen BM Rate(kg/jam) x r(lb/jam) m
Asam asetat 88 2409.843 0.99 48.67 1.15
Air 18 24.34184848 0.01 62.4 0.85
Total 2434.184848
r campuran = xi
−1
m campuran = 3
[ ∑
i ρi ] dan
(∑ xi μi1 /3 )
i
m campuran = 1.14669633 cps = 2.7739731 lb/ft jam
Rate masas (W) : 2434.18485 kg/jam = 5366.40392 lb/jam
= 5.36640392 klb/jam
Bagian suction :
tinggi(Z) = 0m = 0 ft
panjang(L)= 100 m = 328.08 ft
tekanan(p)= 14.7 psia =
Dipasang 2 buah elbow 90o
Bagian discharge
tinggi(Z) = 5m = 16.404 ft
panjang(L)= 100 m = 328.08 ft BedaQ(gpm)
Dipasang 2 buah elbow 90o, 1 buah globe valve dan sebuah tee
Pipa bagian suction dan discharge berukuran sama.
Menentukan ukuran pipa

Untuk aliran turbulen (pers. 11.45. Peter dan Timmerhaus)
Rumus :
0 .45 −0.32
Di = 2.2.W ρ
W= massa (1000lb/jam)
r = density(lbm/cuft)
Di = 1.3506737 in
Ukuran Nominal = 1.5 in
Diambil ukuran pipa : 11/2 in sch 40
OD = 1.9 in = 0.15833333 ft
ID = 1.61 in = 0.13416667 ft
A= 2.04 in2 = 0.01416667 ft2
Bahan pipa : Commercial steel
Check jenis aliran :
Rumus :
Nre = ID . (W/A) / m
Nre = 18321.375 > 4200 (asumsi turbulen benar)
Menentukan power pompa

Kecepatan aliran, v :
v= W/ ( r .A)
v= 7766.0055 ft/jam
= 2.1572238 fts
Mechanical Energi Balance

P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g
+ + ( z 2− z1 ) + ∑ F=−W s
ρ 2 α gc gc
Menghitung ∑F :
1. Kehilangan karena gesekan dalam pipa :
Nre = ρ. D .V
μ
Nre = 18321.3751
e commercial steel 4.60E-05 m = 0.00015092 ft
e /D = 0.00112485
Dari fig 2.10-3 Geankoplis f = 0.011
Ff = 4 f .Lv 2
D .2. g c
L = Lsuction + Z + L discharge = 672.564 ft
Ff = 15.9513338 lbf.ft/lbm
2.Kehilangan karena kontraksi:

Kc = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Karena A2 >>> A1 maka A1/A2 =0
Kc = 0.55
2
hc = Kcv
2 . gc
= 0.01843838 lbf.ft/lbm
3.Kehilangan karena adanya belokan dan fitting

Dari tabel.2.10-1 Geankoplis
Globe Valve,Half open : Kf = 9.5 jumlah = 1
Tee : Kf = 1 jumlah = 1
Elbow 90o : Kf = 0.75 jumlah = 4
Kf total = 13.5
K F v2
hF 
2. g c hF = 0.97631308 lbf.ft/lbm
4.Kehilangan karena ekspansi :
Ke = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Ke = 0.55
2
kE v
h E=
2. gc
hE = 0.03977572 lbf.ft/lbm
Maka ∑ F= 16.9858609 lbf.ft/lbm
Maka power pompa =
Ws = 32.4276532 lbf.ft/lbm
(power) (rate massa) = 48.3388571 lbf.ft/s
= 0.08788883 Hp
Rate liquida = 13.7174623 gpm
Effisiensi power = 28% (fig.3.3-2.Geankoplis)
Power pompa = 0.4 Hp (fig.3.3-2.Geankoplis)
Effisiensi motor = 85%
Power motor = 1.7 Hp
Digunakan motor dengan daya = 2 Hp
5.POMPA ETANOL (L-115)

Asam asetat 88 2063.077 0.95 48.67 1
Air 18 108.583 0.05 62.4 0.85
Total 2171.66
r campuran = xi
−1
m campuran = 3
[∑ ]
i ρi
dan
(∑ xi μ 1 /3
i i )

= 4.78764164 klb/jam
Bagian suction :
panjang(L)= 100 m = 328.08 ft
Bagian discharge
tinggi(Z) = 5m = 16.404 ft
panjang(L)= 100 m = 328.08 ft
Rumus :
Di = 2.2.W 0 .45 ρ−0.32
Di = 1.2794295 in
OD = 1.9 in = 0.15833333 ft
ID = 1.61 in = 0.13416667 ft
A= 2.04 in2 = 0.01416667 ft2
Rumus :

v= W/ ( r .A)
v= 6867.3345 ft/jam
= 1.9075929 fts

P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g
+ + ( z 2− z1 ) + ∑ F=−W s
ρ 2 α gc gc
Menghitung ∑F :
Nre = ρ. D .V
μ
ρ. D .V
μ
Nre = 18892.2843
e /D = 0.00112485
Ff = 4 f .Lv 2
D .2. g c
Ff = 12.4732036 lbf.ft/lbm

Kc = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Kc = 0.55
2
hc = Kcv
2 . gc
= 0.01630472 lbf.ft/lbm

Kf total = 13.5
K F v2
hF 
2. g c
hF = 0.76343157 lbf.ft/lbm
Ke = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Ke = 0.55
2
kE v
h E=
2. gc
hE = 0.03110277 lbf.ft/lbm
Maka power pompa =
Ws = 28.9337541 lbf.ft/lbm
= 0.06996184 Hp
6.POMPA ASAM SULFAT (L-116)
Jenis pompa : pompa positive displacement

Asam sulfat 98 25.19089 0.96 118.65 19
Air 18 1.049620417 0.04 62.4 0.85
Total 26.24051042
r campuran = xi
−1
m campuran = 3
[ ∑
i ρi ] dan
(∑ xi μi1 /3 )
i

= 0.05784983 klb/jam
Bagian suction :
panjang(L)= 100 m = 328.08 ft
Bagian discharge
tinggi(Z) = 5m = 16.404 ft
panjang(L)= 100 m = 328.08 ft

Rumus :
0 .40 0 .2
Di=3.6Qr μ
Qr = W/(3600.r ) = 0.00014032 cfs
m = viskositas (lb.ft/jam)
Di = 0.2191892 in
Ukuran Nominal = 1/8 in
OD = 0.405 in = 0.03375 ft
ID = 0.269 in = 0.02241667 ft
A= 0.058 in2 = 0.00040278 ft2
Rumus :

v= W/ ( r .A)
v= 1254.1595 ft/jam
= 0.3483776 fts

P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g
+ + ( z 2− z1 ) + ∑ F=−W s
ρ 2 α gc gc
Menghitung ∑F :
Nre = ρ. D .V
μ
Nre = 75.7628151
e /D = 0.00673235
Ff = 4 f .Lv 2
D .2. g c
Ff = 13.5812369 lbf.ft/lbm

Kc = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Kc = 0.55
2
hc = Kcv
2 . gc
= 0.00297768 lbf.ft/lbm

Kf total = 13.5
2
KFv
hF 
2. g c
hF = 0.0254624 lbf.ft/lbm
Ke = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Ke = 0.55
2
kE v
h E=
2. gc
hE = 0.00103736 lbf.ft/lbm
Maka power pompa =
Ws = 29.987123 lbf.ft/lbm
= 0.00087614 Hp
Digunakan motor dengan daya = 0.5 Hp
8.TANGKI AKUMULATOR 1 (F-117)

Asam asetat 60 795.2482 0.020032783 64.05 0.00031277
Ethanol 46 21864.31 0.550775175 49.41 0.01114704
Ethyl asetat 88 4849.722 0.122167427 54.9 0.00222527
Asam sulfat 98 25.19089 0.000634574 112.24 5.65372E-06
Air 18 12162.87 0.306390042 61 0.00502279
Total 39697.34109 0.01871352

Waktu tinggal = 2 jam
P operasi = 1 atm T operasi = 70oC
= 3275.49314 ft3
= 4094.36643 ft3
dished head
= 0.0847 Ds3 + 0.0847 Ds3 + 1.1775 Ds3 = 1.3469 Ds3
Jika V tangki = 4094.3664 ft3 maka diperoleh :
Ds = 14.4860657 ft
Ds = 16 ft = 192 in
Hs = 24 ft = 288 in
= (1/4) x p x 16 x 16 x 24
= 4823.04 ft3
Vta = 0.0847 Ds3
Vta = 0.08470x 7 x 7 x 7 = 346.9312 ft3
Vtb = 0.0847 Ds3
= 346.9312 ft3
Volume tangki, VT
VT = Vs + Vta + Vtb
= 5516.9024 ft3
Bahan yang digunakan :SA-182 grade F-310
4094.366427 = (1/4) x p x16^2 x HLs + 346.9312
HLs = 18.6476673
rc =r = ID = 16 ft = 192 in
icr = 6% . D
= 0.06 x 192 11.52 in
Sf = 2 in
a = ID/2 = 96 in
b = Rc−√( BC )2−( AB )2
AB = (ID/2) - (icr)
= 96 - 11.52
= 84.48 in
BC = r-icr
= 192 - 11.52
= 180.48 in
b= 192− √(180 . 48 )2 −( 84 .48 )2
= 32.512822 in = 2.70940182 ft
HL = HLS + b + Sf
HL = 18.647667 + 2.70940182 + 2
HL = 23.357069 ft
= 8.66763027 psig
P design = 1.05 x( 8.66763027 + 0)
= 9.10101178 psi
ts = p.d +C pers.13.1 Brownell&Young
2.( f . E−0.6 p)
C = faktor korosi
ts = 2(17000x0.8−0.6x9.1010118)¿ + 0.125
9.1010118x192¿ ¿
¿
= 0.1892682 in
tta = 0. 885. p. r c +C
f . E−0. 1 p
= 17000x0.8−0.1 x9. 1010118¿ + 0.125
0. 885x9.1010118x192¿ ¿
¿
= 0.2387167 in
Tebal tutup bawah, tb : P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g
+ + ( z2
ttb = 0. 885. p. r c +C ρ 2 α gc gc
f . E−0. 1 p
= 17000x0.8−0.1 x9. 1010118¿ + 0.125
0. 885x9.1010118x192¿ ¿
¿
= 0.2387167 in
9.POMPA AKUMULATOR 1(L-118)

Asam asetat 60 795.2482 0.020032783 64.05 0.65
Ethanol 46 21864.31 0.550775175 49.41 0.5
Ethyl asetat 88 4849.722 0.122167427 54.9 0.29
Asam sulfat 98 25.19089 0.000634574 112.24 6.5
Air 18 12162.87 0.306390042 61 0.37
Total 39697.34109
r campuran = xi
−1
m campuran = 3
[∑ ]
i ρi
dan
∑ xi μ 1 /3
( i i )

= 87.5167582 klb/jam
Bagian suction :
tinggi(Z) = 1m = 3.2808 ft
panjang(L)= 30 m = 98.424 ft
Dipasang 5 buah elbow 90o dan 2 buah globe valve
Bagian discharge
tinggi(Z) = 30 m = 98.424 ft
panjang(L)= 60 m = 196.848 ft
Dipasang 5 buah elbow 90o dan sebuah tee

Rumus :
Di = 2.2.W 0 .45 ρ−0.32
Di = 4.6073742 in
Ukuran Nominal = 6 in
Diambil ukuran pipa : 6 in sch 40
OD = 6.625 in = 0.55208333 ft
ID = 6.065 in = 0.50541667 ft
A= 28.9 in2 = 0.20069444 ft2
Rumus :

v= W/ ( r .A)
v= 8160.3981 ft/jam
= 2.2667773 fts

P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g
+ + ( z 2− z1 ) + ∑ F=−W s
ρ 2 α gc gc
Menghitung ∑F :
Nre = ρ. D .V
μ
Nre = 210429.139
e /D = 0.0002986
Ff = 4 f .Lv 2
D .2. g c
4 f .Lv 2
D .2. g c
Ff = 2.73682332 lbf.ft/lbm

Kc = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Kc = 0.55
2
hc = Kcv
2 . gc
= 0.01937477 lbf.ft/lbm

Kf total = 13.5
2
KFv
hF 
2. g c
hF = 1.07799416 lbf.ft/lbm
Ke = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Ke = 0.55
2
k v
h E= E
2. gc
hE = 0.04391828 lbf.ft/lbm
Maka power pompa =
Ws = 97.9598747 lbf.ft/lbm
= 4.32986397 Hp
10.PREHEATER KOLOM DISTILASI 1 (E-121)
Kondisi operasi :
Temperatur Masuk(oC) Keluar(oC) Masuk (F) Keluar(F)
Fluida dingin 73.6 83.3 164.48 181.94
Fluida panas 162.3 162.3 324.14 324.14
steam T1 =324.14 F
fluida proses Preheater

t1=164.48 F KD-1 t2 = 181.94
T2 = 324.14 F
Properti bahan :
Fluida proses steam
Trata-rata ( F)
o
173.21 324.14 4 . flow area
De=
Selisih T (oF) 17.46 0 wetted parameter
S.G 0.8734 0.0034

Cp(Btu/lbm.oF) 0.7735 0.4299
k 0.1834 0.0275
m (lbm/j.ft) 1.0108 0.0363
1.Neraca panas
m fluida total = 39697.342 kg/jam = 87516.7602 lb/jam

m steam = 860.616461 kg/jam = 1897.31505 lb/jam
Q steam = 426524.1 Kcal/jam = 1692582.82 Btu/jam
Fluida dingin Fluida panas Beda

164.48 324.14 159.66 = Tdingin
181.94 324.14 142.2 = Tpanas
Δt 2 −Δt 1 = 150.761531 oF
ΔT LMTD= Δt 2
¿
ln / Δt 1 ¿
2. Dicoba pakai S&T 1-2 HE; Ft = 1

Δt= ΔT LMTD xFt = 150.761531 oF
(T1-t1) = 159.66 oF
(T 1 −T 2 ) 0
R= =
(t 2 −t 1 )
(t 2−t 1 ) 0.10935738
S= =
(T 1 −t 1 )
3.Temperature Caloric
tc = Trata-rata = 173.21 oF
tc = trata-rata = 324.14 oF
Penentuan UD
Tabel 8,Kern ; UD max = 6-60
Asumsi UD = 50
Q = 224.537759
A=
U D . Δt
Panjang tube yang ditetapkan = 16 ft

dari tabel 10 Kern, dipilih : 3/4' OD 16 BWG
Picth 1 in triangular pitch
ID = 10 in
a't =ao = 0.1963 ft2/lin ft
at = 0.302 in2
Jumlah tube (N) = A = 71.4906263
L.ao . = 72 buah
Dari tabel 9 Kern didapatkan :
ID shell = 12
Nt = 74
n = 2
A koreksi = Nt x ao x L = 232.4192 ft2
Ud koreksi = Q = 48.3044773 Btu/j.ft2oF
A. Δt
Fluida dingin(shell side) Fluida panas(tube side)

4'. Flow area 4..
B = 8 in at = Nt /at
ID s C ' . B 144 . n
as =
144. PT
= 0.07759722 ft2
= 0.1666667 ft2
5'.Kecepatan massa, Gs 5.kecepatan massa,Gt
Gs = W Gt = W
as aT
= 525100.56 lb/j ft2 = 24450.8115 lb/j ft2

6'. Pd tc = 173.21 oF 6. m= 0.0363 lb/j ft
m= 1.0108 lb/j ft ID = 0.62 in
De = 0.73 in = 0.05166667 ft
= 0.0608333 ft
De .Gs NRet = ID.Gt
N Re=
μ μ
= 31602.312 = 34801.4305
7'.JH = 97 (fig.28 Kern)

8' k(c.m/k)1/3 = 0.3
1/3
9'. ho= k .(c. μ/k ) .H 9. hi =hio = 1500 Btu/hr.ft2oF
De
= 478.35616 Btu/hr.ft2oF
11. Uc = ho . hio
ho+hio
ho . hio
ho+hio
= 362.69215 Btu/hr.ft2oF
12. Rd = U c−U D = 0.01794486
U c UD
Jadi Rd hitungan > Rd ketentuan (=0.003)
PRESSURE DROP
Fluida proses/dingin (shell side) Fluida steam/panas (tube side)
1'. NRe = 31602.312 1. NRet = 34801.4305
2'. Gs = 525100.56 lb/j ft2 2. Gt = 24450.8115 lb/j ft2
3'. F = 0.0017 (fig.29 Kern) 3. f= 0.0001
4'. S = 0.8734 4. S.G = 0.0034
N+1 = 12. L = 24 Pt = 1/2. f .Gt 2 . L. n
B .n
5.22.1010 . De. S.φ
Ds = 0.8333333 ft = 0.08859628 psi
2
Ps = f .Gs . Ds. (N +1)
5 .22.1010 De . S. φ
= 3.3801703 psi
P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g
+ + ( z2
ρ 2 α gc gc
11. KOLOM DISTILASI 1 (D-120)
Komponen Aliran F Aliran D Aliran B

Kg kmol kg kmol kg
Eth.Acetat 4849.722 55.110477 6012.55 68.324431818 3.53443
Ethanol 21864.308 475.31104 21043.93 457.47673913 210.853
Air 12162.873 675.71517 3006.28 167.01555556 9395.164
As.asetat 795.2482 13.254137 0
As.sulfat 25.19089 0.2570499 0 25.19089
Total 39697.34209 1219.6479 30062.76 692.8167265 9634.742
Penentuan Diameter Kolom

Bagian Enriching Atas :
Atas : BM liquid
Komponen xi BM frak x BM
Eth.Acetat 0.0986183347 88 8.6784135
Ethanol 0.660314224 46 30.374454
Air 0.2410674413 18 4.3392139
As.asetat 0 60 0
As.sulfat 0 98 0
BM campuran liquid = 43.392082
Atas : BM uap
Eth.Acetat 0.0986183347 88 8.6784135
Ethanol 0.660314224 46 30.374454
Air 0.2410674413 18 4.3392139
As.asetat 0 60 0
As.sulfat 0 98 0
BM campuran uap = 43.392082
-310 dengan sistem
Bagian Enriching Bawah
Bawah : BM liquid
Eth.Acetat 0.0451855642 88 3.9763296
Ethanol 0.3897116976 46 17.926738
Air 0.5540247977 18 9.9724464
As.asetat 0.010867183 60 0.652031
As.sulfat 0.0002107575 98 0.0206542
BM campuran liquida = 32.548199
Komponen yi BM frak x BM
Eth.Acetat 0.1868 88 16.4384
Ethanol 0.411 46 18.906
Air 0.4097 18 7.3746
As.asetat 0.0034 60 0.204
As.sulfat 0 98 0
Bagian Exhausting atas :

BM campuran liquida = BM campuran pada Enriching bagian bawah
= 32.548199
BM campuran uap = BM campuran pada Enriching bagian bawah
= 42.923
Bagian Exhausting bawah :
Bawah : BM liquida
Eth.Acetat 7.623642E-05 88 0.0067088
Ethanol 0.0087005703 46 0.4002262
Air 0.9907352794 18 17.833235
As.asetat 0 60 0
As.sulfat 0.0004879139 98 0.0478156
Bawah : BM uap
Eth.Acetat 0.0001 88 0.0088
Ethanol 0.0194 46 0.8924
Air 0.9805 18 17.649
As.asetat 0 60 0
As.sulfat 0 98 0
Menentukan Diameter Kolom dan spesifikasi Kolom

L = Lo = RxD
V = (R+1) x D
Karena feed adalah saturated liquid, maka q= 1
Ln = qF + L
Vn = V-(1-q) x F
R= 3.139224
Liquid Rate Gas Rate BM
lbmol/jam lb/jam lbmol/jam lb/jam Liquid
Bag.Enriching
Atas 4794.7997417 208056.34 6322.1835 274332.70283 43.39208

Bawah 4794.7997417 136062.1 6322.1835 271367.08224 32.5482
Bag.Exhausting
Atas 7483.6354447 243578.86 6322.1835 271367.08224 32.5482

Bawah 7483.6354447 136860.62 6322.1835 117277.76831 18.28799
Beban terkecil terdapat pada bagian enriching bawah, maka perancangan

didasarkan pada bagian enriching bawah.
L = 136062.1 lb/jam
V = 271367.0822 lb/jam
BM uap = 42.923 lb/lbmol
BM liq = 32.54819931 lb/lbmol
smix = 55.2198 dyne/cm
Menghitung density uap :
Density uap = (BM/Vo)x(To/T1) x (P1/Po)
= 0.0948 lb/cuft
Menghitung density liquida :

Density liq = 54.7426 lb/cuft
PENENTUAN SPESIFIKASI KOLOM

1.Menghitung rate maksimum dan minimum.
Vm = 795.14499 cuft/sec
Lm = 309.89898 gpm
Beban maksimum :
Vmax = 1.3 x Vm = 1033.6884872 cuft/sec
Lmax = 1.3 x Lm = 402.86868031 gpm
Beban minimum :
Vmin = 0.7 x Vm = 556.60149311 cuft/sec
Lmin = 0.7 x Lm = 216.9292894 gpm
2.Tray Spacing
Dicoba tray spacing (T)= 24 in. (Van Winkle. Tabel 14.2)
3. Diameter Kolom
G = C x (rv(rL-rv))
0.5
C = 570 (fig 8.38 Ludwig)
= 1297.3745245 lb/j.ft2
D= 1.13 x (Vm/G)0.5
= 16.342720118 ft dibulatkan = 17 ft
4. Tipe tray
Digunakan Cross Flow
5. Ukuran Weir (hw, in, ditetapkan)
Syarat : 2'<=hw+how<=4"
Lw/D = 0.7495 (dipilih dari Tabel 14.10 Van Winkle)
H/D = 0.169
AD/AT= 0.1118
L'w = 12.7415 ft
H = 2.873 ft
AT = 1/4 x p x D2 = 226.865 ft2
AD = 25.363507 ft2
how = 0.092 x (Lm/Lw)2/3

how = 0.7723027075 in
how max = 0.092 x (Lmax/Lw)2/3
how max = 0.9199194308 in
how min = 0.092 x (Lmin/Lw)2/3
how min = 0.6088630012 in
Maka dipilih hw = 3 in.
hl = hw + how = 3.7723027 in
hl max = hw+how max= 3.9199194 in
hl min = hw+hw min= 3.608863 in
6. Daerah Down Comer, aktif, dan lubang

Syarat : hw - hc = 0.25"-0.5"
Dipilih : hw - hc = 0.4 in
hc = 2.6 in = 0.2166667 ft
Adc = Lw x hc = 2.7606583 ft2
Menghitung hd (syarat : hd < 1")

hd = 0.03(Lmax/100xAdc))2 = 0.0638885373 in
(hd memenuhi)
Menghitung daerah penenang (y)
Syarat daerah penenang :
D<5 ft maka y = 3
r
y D>5 ft maka y = 4
x r= D/2 - wl/12
= 8.2916666667 ft
x = D/2 - (H+y)/12
= 5.2936666667 ft
Menghitung luas aktif (Aa) sin-1(x/r) = 39.67
Aa = 2x (x(r2-x2)0.5 + r2 x sin -1(x/r))
= 68.66 ft2
Bentuk susunan lubang :
Dipilih triangle : Ao/Aa = 0.9065/n2
dimana : 2.5<=n<=4
Untuk n= 2.5
Ao = 9.9584464
7. Pressure Drop
hp = 12x(rv/rLx1.14x(Uo2/2gc)x[0.4x(1.25-Ao/Ac)+(1-Ao/Ac)2]
Ac = AT - 2 ADC= 221.34368 ft2
Uo = Vm/Ao = 79.846289 ft/sec
hp = 1.1735819982 in
Menghitung hp max dan hp min

hpmax = 12x(rv/rLx1.14x(Uomax2/2gc)x[0.4x(1.25-Ao/Ac)+(1-Ao/Ac)2]
hpmin = 12x(rv/rLx1.14x(Uomin2/2gc)x[0.4x(1.25-Ao/Ac)+(1-Ao/Ac)2]
Uomax = Vmax/Ao = 103.80018 ft/sec

Uomin = Vmin/Ao = 55.892402 ft/sec
hpmax = 1.983353577
hpmin = 0.5750551791
hr = 0.5 x (r H2O/ rL)

= 0.5699400467 in
ht = hp + hr + hlmax
= 5.6634414757 in
8. Down comer backup (tinggi liquid dalam down comer)

hb = hl max + hd + ht syarat hb/(T+hw)<=0.5
= 9.6472494439
hb/(T+hw) = 0.3573055 in (maka memenuhi)
Faktor pelepasan uap

wl = 0.8x(how max(T+hw-hb))0.5
syarat : wl < 0.6H = 20.6856 in
wl = 3.1963111152 < 0.6H
9. Faktor weeping
hpw = 0.2+0.05 x hl max syarat : hp min >=hpw
hpw = 0.3959959715 in
hp min = 0.5750551791 > hpw (memenuhi syarat)
10. Flooding dan Entrainment

a. Entrainment
e = 0.22 x (73/ s ) x (Uc/Te)3.2 syarat e < 0.1
Uc = V max / Ac = 3.5923546
Te = T - 2.5 x hl max
= 14.200201423 in
e = 0.0035770229 (memenuhi)
b. Flooding :
L = 309.89898486 GPM = 136062.1 lb/jam
V = 795.14499015 cuft/sec = 271367.08 lb/jam
L/V (rv/rL)0.5 = 0.0162187
T = 24
UVN (rv/rL-rV)0.5 = 0.3

UVN = 18.497199
UVN * = UVN x ( s /20) 0.2 = 22.66308 fps
UVN,act = Vop/Ac = 3.5923546 fps
% flooding = UVN,act/UVN *x 100% =
= 15.851131 %
Performance Curve :
1. Beban liquid
Q = 2.98 x Lw x (howi)3/2
2. Batas kedalaman Liquid maksimum (V1)
(Vi)4.2 = 1. 39 x 10−4 xΔQix σ xAc 3. 2 xρ L / ρV x (Te)3 .2
Te = T- 2.5x hlmax= 14.200201 in
ΔQi= Qke-n - Qi
3. Batas Flooding (V2)
hb = 0.5x(T+hw) = 13.5 in
hdi = 0.03x(Qi/(100xAp))2
hli = howi + hw
hpi = hb -2hli-hr-hdi
Menghitung Uoi dengan persamaan berikut :
hpi = 12x(rv/rLx1.14x(Uo /2gc)x[0.4x(1.25-Ao/Ac)+(1-Ao/Ac) ]
2 2
V2i = Uoi x Ao
4. Batas Entrainment (V3)
Tei = T-2.5 x hli
V3i = 0.42x(exs)1/3.2xAcxTei
5. Batas operasi stabil (V4)
hpwi = 0.2+0.05 x hli
hpmi = hpwi
= 12x(rv/rLx1.14x(Uo2/2gc)x[0.4x(1.25-Ao/Ac)+(1-Ao/Ac)2]
V4i = Uoi x Ao
6. Batas pelepasan uap (V5)
hbi = T+hw-(0.6xH/0.8)2/how1
hpi = hbi - 2xhli - hr -hdi
hpi = 12x(rv/rLx1.14x(Uo2/2gc)x[0.4x(1.25-Ao/Ac)+(1-Ao/Ac)2]
V5i = Uoi x Ao
howi 0.05 0.5 1 1.5 2

Qi(gpm) 0.424513816 13.424306 37.96967 69.754737901 107.3944
BedaQ(gpm) 149.66378519 136.66399 112.11863 80.333561105 42.69385
hd(in) 7.093811E-08 7.094E-05 0.0005675 0.0019153289 0.00454
hL(in) 3.05 3.5 4 4.5 5
hp(in) 6.8300598824 5.929989 4.9294924 3.9281446244 2.92552
Te(in) 16.375 15.25 14 12.75 11.5
hpw(in) 0.3525 0.375 0.4 0.425 0.45
Uoi(V2) 94.82220582 88.3537 80.556187 71.910371568 62.05822
Uoi(V4) 21.541570319 22.218433 22.947099 23.653328497 24.33907
V1i(cfs) 2170.2020091 2123.7544 2025.9734 1871.3806563 1609.895
V2i 944.28185419 879.86559 802.21447 716.11558086 618.0035
V3i 917.01808968 854.01685 784.01547 714.01408509 644.0127
V4i 214.52057339 221.26108 228.51746 235.55040402 242.3794
V5i 0 0 0 0 0
Kurva Performance Kolom Distilasi 1 (D-120)
2500
V1
2000
V,Beban uap (cfs)
V2
V3
1500
V4
1000 V5
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
2500
V1
2000
V,Beban uap (cfs)

V2
V3
1500
V4
1000 V5
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Q, Beban liquid (GPM)
Menentukan jumlah tray minimum (Nmin) dengan persamaan Fenske
di bj
N min=
log
[( )( )]
dj bi (Henley-Seade,pers 12.12)
log α im
dimana : i = komponen kunci ringan(LK)

j = komponen kunci berat (HK)
di = jumlah mol komponen-I dalam produk atas
bi = jumlah mol komponen-I dalam produk bawah
a i,m = relative volatility LK rata-rata
Komponen LK = ethyl acetate
Komponen HK = Air
Dari perhitungan neraca panas diperoleh :
a top = (k,LK/k,HK)d a bottom= (k,LK/k,HK)b
ki = Psat/Ptot
Nmin = 11.43
Menentukan Rmin dengan persamaan Underwood

j j α z
∑ α −φ =1−q
j
α x
∑ αj −φj .D =Rm +1
j
dimana a = relative volatility pada suhu rata-rata

z = fraksi mol feed
xj,D = komposisi destilat
Rmin= rasio reflux minimum
Dari perhitungan neraca panas diperoleh R min = 1.569612
Menentukan jumlah tray teoritis dengan korelasi Gilliland
R= 1.3 x Rmin = 2.0404956
(R-Rmin)/(R+1) = 0.3792044113
Dari Van Winkle,fig 5.18 diperoleh :
(N-Nmin)/(N+1) = 0.47
N = 22.45283 stage = 23
Menentukan tinggi kolom

Tinggi tray total : H= (N-1).S
dimana : S = tray spacing
n = jumlah tray
n = n/effisiensi
Dari fig. 13.5.Henley & Seeder :
Untuk m ave = m key komponen pada suhu feed = 0.3
a ave = a key komponen pada suhu feed = 2.45
m ave a ave = 0.735
didapat : e = 55% = 0.55
N = 41.818182
H = 979.63636 in = 81.636363636 ft
Tinggi liquid holld up
Diambil waktu tinggal = 10 menit
r L = 54.7426
L = 136062.1 lb/jam
Tinggi penampung = (LxT) / (rL x At) = 1.825967
Tinggi ruang kosong di atas tray ditetapkan = 3 ft

Tinggi total kolom = 86.462331 ft
12. KONDENSOR KOLOM DISTILASI 1 (E-123)
Uap Air
distilat pendingin Beda
Rate massa (lb/jam) 66258.323 1053506
T masuk (oF) 177.8 86 91.8
T keluar (oF) 172.22 113 59.22
Digunakan Shell and Tube Horisontal Condenser.

Tube data : 3/4 in OD, 18 BWG, 50 ft long, 1 in triangular pitch.
Neraca panas :
Fluida panas, Uap distilat Q = 4454300 Btu/j
W = 66258.323 lb/j
Fluida dingin, Air pendingin Q = 28452662 Btu/j
W = 1053506 lb/j
Temperatur Difference
Δt 2 −Δt 1 = 74.323665771 oF
ΔT LMTD= ¿
ln Δt 2 / Δt 1 ¿
Δt 2 −Δt 1
ΔT LMTD= ¿
ln Δt 2 / Δt 1 ¿

(T1-t1) = 91.8 oF
(T 1 −T 2 ) 4.8387097
R= =
(t 2 −t 1 )
(t 2−t 1 ) 0.0607843
S= =
(T 1 −t 1 )
Tc = Trata-rata = 175.01 oF
Penentuan UD
Asumsi UD = 50
Q = 7656.4206
A=
U D . Δt

ID = 0.652 in OD = 0.75
at = 0.334 in2
Jumlah tube (N) = A = 780.07342
L.ao . = 781 buah
ID shell = 33
Nt = 830
n = 2
A. Δt
Shell Side, Uap Destilat Tube Side, Air

4'. Flow area 4..
B = 39 in at = Nt . at
as = ID s C ' . B 144 . n
144. PT
= 0.9625694444 ft2
= 2.234375 ft2
Gs = W Gt = W
as aT
= 29654.074647 lb/j ft2 = 1094472.3844 lb/j ft2

6'. Pd tc = 175.01 oF 6. m= 1.7 lb/j ft
m= 0.0301 lb/j ft ID = 0.652 in
De = 0.55 in = 0.0543333333 ft
= 0.0458333333 ft
De .Gs NRet = ID.Gt
N Re=
μ μ
= 45154.32186 = 34980.195815
7'. Loading, G" = W/LNt2/3
G" = 15.00439104
8' Asumsi ho = 250 V = Gt/3600r
hio = 1190.9866667 = 4.8643217084
tw=ta+ho/(hio+ho)*(Tv-ta) hi = 1370 (fig.25)
tw = 106.29813936 hio = hi.ID/OD= 1190.987
tf = (Tv+tw)/2 = Btu/j ft
= 140.65406968 oF
sf = 0.8
mf = 0.504
kf = 0.116
ho = 360 (fig 12.9)
Pressure Drop
1'.Untuk Nres = 45154.322 1.Untuk Nret = 34980.2

f = 0.0016 ft2/in2 f = 0.0004 ft2/in2
(fig.29) (fig 26)
2'. Jumlah Cross, N+1 = 12L/B.n' s = 1
= 15.384615385 Pt = 2
f . Gt . L. n
= 16 5 . 22 .1010 . De. S . φ
s = 0.0016 Pt = 5.631336766
Ds = 2.75 ft V2/2g' = 0.1 (fig 27)
2
3'. Ps = f .Gs . Ds. (N +1) Pr = 4n/s.V2/2g' = 0.8
5 .22.1010 De . S. φ Pt tot = Pt + Pr =
Ps = 1.9406656953 psi = 6.431336766 psi
Clean Overall Coefficient, Uc :

Uc = ho . hio
ho+hio
= 1190.9866667 Btu/hr.ft2oF
Rd = U c−U D
U c UD
= 0.0204404083 (memenuhi)
13. TANGKI DISTILAT KOLOM DISTILASI 1 (F-14)

Asam asetat 60 0 0 64.05 0
Ethanol 46 21043.93 0.6999999 49.41 0.0141672
Ethyl asetat 88 6012.55 0.1999999 54.9 0.003643
Asam sulfat 98 0 0 112.24 0
Air 18 3006.28 0.1000001 61 0.0016393
Total 30062.76 0.0194495

Waktu tinggal = 0.5 jam
P operasi = 1 atm T operasi = 70oC
= 644.52116 ft3
= 805.65145 ft3
dished head
= 0.0847 Ds3 + 0.0847 Ds3 + 1.1775 Ds3 = 1.3469 Ds3
Jika V tangki = 805.65145 ft3 diperoleh
Ds = 8.4256603 ft
Ds = 9 ft = 108 in
Hs = 13.5 ft = 162 in
= 858.3975 ft3
Vta = 0.0847 Ds3
Vta = 61.7463 ft3
Vtb = 0.0847 Ds3
= 61.7463 ft3
Volume tangki, VT
VT = Vs + Vta + Vtb
= 981.8901 ft3
f allawable = 17000 psi
805.651455 = (1/4) x p x16^2 x HLs + 61.7463
HLs = 11.699381
rc =r = ID = 9 ft = 108 in
icr = 6% . D
= 0.06 x 108 = 6.48 in
Sf = 2 in
a = ID/2 = 54 in
b = Rc−√( BC )2−( AB )2
AB = (ID/2) - (icr)
= 54 - 6.48
= 47.52 in
BC = r-icr
= 108 - 6.48
= 101.52 in
b = 18.28846228 in = 1.5240385 ft
HL = HLS + b + Sf
HL = 11.699381216 + 1.5240385 + 2
HL = 15.223419739 ft
= 5.4355213 psig
P design = 1.05 x ( 5.4355213 + 0)
= 5.7072974 psi
p.d
ts = 2 .( f . E−0 . 6 p) +C pers.13.1 Brownell&Young
C = faktor korosi
ts = 2(17000x0.8−0.6x5.707297)¿ + 0.125
5.707297 x108¿ ¿
¿
= 0.1476670353 in
tta = 0. 885 . p. r c +C
f . E−0. 1 p
= 17000x0.8−0.1x5.707297¿ + 0.125
0.885x5.707297x108¿ ¿
¿
= 0.1651122337 in
Tebal tutup bawah, tb :
ttb = 0. 885 . p. r c +C
f . E−0. 1 p
= 17000x0.8−0.1x5.707297¿ + 0.125
0.885x5.707297x108¿ ¿
¿
= 0.1651122337 in
14.POMPA REFLUX 1 (L-125)

Komponen BM Rate(kg/jam) x r(lb/cuft) m
Etil Asetat 88 6012.55 0.1999999 54.9 0.26
Etanol 46 21043.93 0.6999999 49.41 0.44
Air 18 3006.28 0.1000001 61 0.35
Total 30062.76
1 3
r campuran =  xi  dan m campuran =  
   xi i
1/ 3
 
 i i   i 
1 3
 xi   1/ 3 
    xi i 
 i i   i 

= 66.276360696 klb/jam
Bagian suction :
tinggi(Z) = 0.5 m = 1.6404 ft
panjang(L)= 20 m = 65.616 ft
Dipasang 7 buah elbow 90o dan I buah globe valve
Bagian discharge
tinggi(Z) = 50 m = 164.04 ft
panjang(L)= 70 m = 229.656 ft
Dipasang 7 buah elbow 90o, sebuah tee

Rumus :
Di = 2.2.W 0 .45 ρ−0.32
W= massa (1000lb/jam) = 0.3580673132 cfs
Di = 4.116089436 in
OD = 5.563 in = 0.4635833 ft
ID = 5.047 in = 0.4205833 ft
A= 20.016 in2 = 0.139 ft2
Rumus :

v= W/ ( r .A)
v= 9273.6858083 ft/jam
= 2.5760238356 fts

P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g
+ + ( z 2− z1 ) + ∑ F=−W s
ρ 2 α gc gc
Menghitung ∑F :
Nre = ρ. D .V
μ
Untuk perpipaan suction : v = 2.5760238356 fts
Nre = 212626.05
Untuk perpipaan reflux :
v= vsuction R/(1+R), dimana R = Reflux ratio
v= 1.953679204 fps = 7033.2451 ft/jam
Nre = 161257.47
Untuk perpipaan distilat :
v= vsuction /(1+R), dimana R = Reflux ratio
v= 0.6223446317 fps = 2240.4407 ft/jam
Nre = 51368.578
e /D = 0.0003588
2
Ff = 4 f .Lv
D .2. g c
Untuk perpipaan suction :

Dari fig.2.10-3.Geankoplis : f= 0.0045
L = 65.616 ft
Ff = 0.2895976 lbf.ft/lbm
Untuk perpipaan reflux : f= 0.0046
L = 164.04 ft
Untuk perpipaan destilat : f= 0.0063
L = 100 ft

Kc = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Kc = 0.55
2
hc = Kcv
2 . gc
= 0.0567188 lbf.ft/lbm

Kf total = 21
2
KFv
hF 
2. g c
Ke = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Ke = 0.55
k E v2
h E=
2. gc
hE = 0.0567188 lbf.ft/lbm
Maka power pompa =
= 1.7236251 Hp
15. REBOILER KOLOM DISTILASI 1 (E-122)
Bottom steam Beda

Rate massa (lb/jam) 21234.972 37109.238
T masuk (oF) 210.2 324.1 113.9
T keluar (oF) 211.1 324.1 113
Digunakan Thermosyphon Horisontal Reboiler.

Tube data : 1 1/2 in OD, 14 BWG, 6 ft long, 1 7/8 in square pitch.
Neraca panas :
Fluida panas, steam pemanas Q = 33113.929 Btu/j
W = 37109.238 lb/j
Fluida dingin larutan bottom Q = 607082.78 Btu/j
vaporizing W = 21234.972 lb/j
Δt 2 −Δt 1 = 113.44940502 oF
ΔT LMTD= ¿
ln Δt 2 / Δt 1 ¿

(T1-t1) = 113.9 oF
(T 1 −T 2 ) 0
R= =
(t 2 −t 1 )
(t 2−t 1 ) 0.0079017
S= =
(T 1 −t 1 )
Tc = trata-rata = 324.1 oF
Penentuan UD
Asumsi UD = 50
Q = 107.02265
A=
U D . Δt
dari tabel 10 Kern, dipilih : 1 1/2 in OD 184 BWG
ID = 0.652 in OD = 1.5
at = 0.248 in2
Jumlah tube (N) = A = 90.86657
L.ao . = 91 buah
ID shell = 25
Nt = 94
n = 1
A. Δt
Shell Side, fluida proses Tube Side, Steam
* Asumsi ho = 300 4..

at = Nt . at
tw=ta+ho/(hio+ho)*(Tv-ta) 144 . n
tw = 229.55833333 F = 0.1618888889 ft2
tw - tc = 18.908333333
5.kecepatan massa,Gt
Dari fig 15.11 hv >>> 300 Gt = W
ho =hv = 300
aT
= 229226.59266 lb/j ft2

6. m= 0.015 lb/j ft
ID = 0.588 in
= 0.049 ft
NRet = ID.Gt
μ
= 748806.86937
hio condensing steam = 1500

Check untuk flux maksimum
*Heat flux :
Flux = Q/A = 5483.3821 (memenuhi)
Pressure Drop
4 . flow area 1.Untuk Nret = 748806.9

De=
wetted parameter f = 0.0005 ft2/in2
flow area = (p /8)x(IDs2-do2 Nt) (fig 26)
= 162.29875 in2 s = 0.0034
= 1.1270746528 sqft Pt = 2
f .Gt . L.n
wp = ( p/2)x(Ids+Nt.do)+IDs 2 x5 . 22 .1010 . De. S.φ
= 285.62 in Pt = 0.6811209539
= 23.801666667 ft V2/2g' = 0.0005 (fig 27)
De = 0.1894110473 ft Pr = 4n/s.V2/2g' = 0.588235
* Gs = 0.5 x W/as Pt tot = Pt + Pr =
42812.443696 = 1.269356248 psi
m = 0.629
De .Gs
N Re=
μ
Res = 12892.130045
f = 0.0007
* r uap,out = 0.0388
r liq, out = 54.8
s mix,out = 0.00039
s mix,in = 0.8776
s ave = 0.439
2
3'. Ps = f . Gs . L
5 . 22 .1010 De . S . φ
Ps = 0.0017735727 psi

Uc = ho . hio
ho+hio
= 1500 Btu/hr.ft2oF
Rd = U c−U D
U c UD
= 0.0200230105 (memenuhi)
16.POMPA PRODUK BAWAH KOLOM DISTILASI 1 (L-126)

Asam asetat 60 0 0 63.62 0.46
Etanol 46 210.853 0.022383 47.9 0.32
Etil asetat 88 3.534437 0.000375 56.187 0.215
Asam sulfat 98 25.19089 0.002674 118.5 3
Air 18 9395.164 0.997326 59.9 0.26
Total 9420.35489
1
r campuran =  x
x 
−1
m campuran =  33
1/ 3 
[
∑ ρii 
 i ]
ii 
dan
( xxiiμi1 /3 
∑
 ii i )


= 20.76811439 klb/jam
Bagian suction :
panjang(L)= 30 m = 98.424 ft
Dipasang 2 buah elbow 90o dan I buah globe valve dan sebuah Tee
Bagian discharge
tinggi(Z) = 2m = 6.5616 ft
panjang(L)= 80 m = 262.464 ft
Dipasang 2 buah elbow 90o, 1 buah globe valve

Rumus :
0 .45 −0.32
Di = 2.2.W
2.2.W 0 .45 ρρ−0.32
Di = 2.345235591 in
OD = 2.88 in = 0.24 ft
ID = 2.469 in = 0.20575 ft
A= 4.79 in2 = 0.0332639 ft2
Rumus :

v= W/ ( r .A)
v= 10705.23687 ft/jam
= 2.9736769085 fts

P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g
+ + ( z 2− z1 ) + ∑ F=−W s
ρ 2 α gc gc
Menghitung ∑F :
Nre = ρ. D .V
μ
Nre = 202188
e /D = 0.0007335
2
Ff = 4 f .Lv
D .2. g c

Kc = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Kc = 0.55
2
hc = Kcv
2 . gc
= 0.0254168 lbf.ft/lbm

Kf total = 13.5
K F v2
hF 
2. g c
Ke = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Ke = 0.55
2
kE v
h E= hE =
2. gc 0.0755814 lbf.ft/lbm
2
Maka K12.754671
cv lbf.ft/lbm
∑ F= 2 . gc
Maka power pompa =
= 0.1835305 Hp
Aliran B sengaja dikosongi terus ke kanan
kmol
0.040164
4.583761
521.9536
0
0.25705
526.8345
BM
uap
43.39208
42.923
42.923
18.5502
p.d
2 .( f . E−0 . 6 p)
2(17000x0.8−0.6x6.144127) ¿
6.144127x120¿ ¿
¿
0.885. p.r c
f . E−0. 1 p
17000x0.8−0.1x6.144127¿
(fig 8.38 Ludwig) 0.885x6.144127x120¿ ¿
¿
0.885. p.r c
f . E−0. 1 p
170 0 x0.8−0.1x6.14 127 ¿
0.8 5x6.14 127x120¿ ¿
¿
in
in
P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g
+ + ( z 2−
ρ 2 α gc gc
P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g
+ + ( z 2−
ρ 2 α gc gc
2.5
150.0883
0
0.008867
5.5
1.921193
10.25
0.475
50.29019
25.00602
0
500.8121
574.0113
249.0211
0
(D-120)
V1
V2
V3
V4
V5
20 140 160
(D-120)
V1
V2
V3
V4
V5
20 140 160
-Seade,pers 12.12)
1.3469 Ds3
ΔQi=
2 2
P 2−P 1 1 v 2 −v 1 g
+ + ( z 2−
ρ 2 α gc gc
17. TANGKI AKUMULATOR 2 (F-138)

Asam asetat 60 0 0 63.6 0
Ethanol 46 21498.85 0.5351686 47.96 0.0111586
Ethyl asetat 88 6720.21 0.1672855 56.187 0.0029773
Asam sulfat 98 0 0 110.5 0
Air 18 11953.05 0.297546 61 0.0048778
Total 40172.11 0.0190137

P operasi = 1 atm T operasi =70oC
= 841.9613 ft3
= 1052.452 ft3
dished head
= 0.0847 Ds3 + 0.0847 Ds3 + 1.1775 Ds3 = 1.3469 Ds3
Ds = 9.210621 ft
Ds = 10 ft = 120 in
Hs = 15 ft = 180 in
= 1177.5 ft3
Vta = 0.0847 Ds3
Vta = 84.7 ft3
Vtb = 0.0847 Ds3
= 84.7 ft3
Volume tangki, VT
VT = Vs + Vta + Vtb
= 1346.9 ft3
Efisiensi pengelasan, E 0.8
Volume liquid = (1/4) x p x Ds2 x HLs +volume tutup bawah
1052.4515962 = (1/4) x p x16^2 x HLs + 84.7
HLs = 12.32805
rc =r = ID = 10 ft = 120 in
icr = 6% . D
= 0.06 x 108 7.2 in
Sf = 2 in
a = ID/2 = 60 in
b = Rc−√( BC )2−( AB )2
AB = (ID/2) - (icr)
= 60 - 7.2
= 52.8 in
BC = r-icr
= 120 - 7.2
= 112.8 in
b = 20.320514 in = 1.693376 ft
HL = HLS + b + Sf
HL = 12.328046 + 1.693376 + 2
HL = 16.021422 ft
= 5.85155 psig 4 . flow area
De=
P operasi= 1 atm = 0 psig wetted paramete

P design = 1.05 x( 5.85155 + 0)
= 6.144127 psi
p.d
ts = 2 .( f . E −0 . 6 p) +C pers.13.1 Brownell&Young
C = faktor korosi
ts = 2(17000 x0.8−0.6x6.144127) ¿+ 0.125
6.144127x120¿ ¿
¿
= 0.1521138 in
tta = 0.885. p. r c +C
f .E−0.1 p
= 17000x0.8−0.1x6.144127¿ + 0.125
0.885x6.144127x120¿ ¿
¿
= 0.1729806 in
ttb = 0.885. p. r c +C
f .E−0.1 p
= 170 0 x0.8−0.1x6.14 127 ¿ + 0.125
0.8 5 x6.14 127 x120¿ ¿
¿
= 0.1729806 in
18. POMPA AKUMULATOR 2 (L-139)

Asam asetat 60 0 0 63.6 0.75
Etanol 46 21498.85 0.535169 47.96 0.61
Etil asetat 88 6720.21 0.167285 56.187 0.32
Asam sulfat 98 0 0 110.5 8.1
Air 18 11953.05 0.297546 61 0.5
Total 40172.11
1
r campuran =  x
xii 
−1
m campuran =  33
1/ 3 
∑[

 i ]
ρii 
 
dan
 xxiiμi1 /3 
∑
(
 ii i )


= 88.56343 klb/jam
Bagian suction :
tinggi(Z) = 0.1 m = 0.32808 ft
panjang(L)= 30 m = 98.424 ft
Bagian discharge
tinggi(Z) = 12 m = 39.3696 ft
panjang(L)= 50 m = 164.04 ft
Dipasang 2 buah elbow 90o, 1 buah globe valve

Rumus :
0.45 −0.32
Di = 2.2.W
2.2.W 0 .45 ρρ−0.32
Di = 4.6557412 in
OD = 5.563 in = 0.463583 ft
ID = 5.047 in = 0.420583 ft
A= 20.016 in2 = 0.139 ft2
Rumus :

v= W/ ( r .A)
v= 12114.551 ft/jam
= 3.365153 fts

P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g
+ + ( z 2− z1 ) + ∑ F=−W s + +
ρ 2 α gc gc ρ 2 α gc g
P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g
+ + ( z 2− z1 ) + ∑ F=−W s + +
ρ 2 α gc gc ρ 2 α gc g
Menghitung ∑F :
Nre = ρ. D.V
μ
Nre = 212779.7
e /D = 0.000359
Ff = 4 f .Lv 2
D .2. g c

Kc = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Kc = 0.55
2
hc = Kcv
2. gc
= 0.028763 lbf.ft/lbm

Globe Valve,Half open : Kf = 9.5 jumlah 1
Tee : Kf = 1 jumlah 1
Elbow 90o : Kf = 0.75 jumlah 4
Kf total = 13.5
2
KFv
hF 
2.g c
K F v2
hF 
2.g c
Ke = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Ke = 0.55
k E v2
h E= hE =
2. gc 0.096792 lbf.ft/lbm
2
Maka K8.563561
cv lbf.ft/lbm
∑ F= 2. gc
Maka power pompa =
= 2.025317 Hp
Kondisi operasi :
Fluida dingin 63.25 71.5 145.85 160.7
Fluida panas 162.3 162.3 324.14 324.14
steam T1 =324.14 F

t1=145.85 F KD-1 t2 = 160.7
T2 = 324.14 F
Properti bahan :
Fluida Steam
proses
Trata-rata (oF) 153.275 324.14
Selisih T (oF) 14.85 0
S.G 0.8707 0.0034
Cp(Btu/lbm.oF) 0.7455 -
k 0.089 -
m (lbm/j.ft) 1.1671 0.0363
1.Neraca panas

Q steam = 389976.5 Kcal/jam 1547550 Btu/jam
Fluida dingin Fluida panas Beda

145.85 324.14 178.29 = Tdingin
160.7 324.14 163.44 = Tpanas
Δt 2 −Δt 1 = 170.7574 oF
ΔT LMTD= Δt 2
¿
ln / Δt 1 ¿

(T1-t1) = 178.29 oF
(T 1 −T 2 ) 0
R= =
(t 2 −t 1 )
(t 2−t 1 ) 0.083291
S= =
(T 1 −t 1 )
Penentuan UD
Asumsi UD = 50
Q
A=
U D . Δt
Q = 181.2572
A=
U D . Δt

2 2
Picth 1 in triangular pitch P 2−P 1 1 v 2 −v 1 g
+ +
ID = 10 in ρ 2 α gc g
at = 0.302 in2
Jumlah tube (N) = A 57.71051
L.ao .
58 buah
ID shell = 10
Nt = 61
n = 1
A . Δt

4'. Flow area 4..
ID s C ' . B 144 . n
as =
144 . PT
= 0.127931 ft2
= 0.1388889 ft2
Gs = W Gt = W
as aT
= 637656.72 lb/j ft2 = 13560.01 lb/j ft2

6'. Pd tc = 153.275 oF 6. m= 0.0363 lb/j ft
m= 1.1671 lb/j ft ID = 0.62 in
De = 0.73 in = 0.051667 ft
= 0.0608333 ft
De .Gs NRet = ID.Gt
N Re=
μ μ
= 33236.898 = 19300.29
7'.JH = 92 (fig.28 Kern)

8' k(c.m/k)1/3 = 0.2
1/3
9'. ho= k . (c. μ/k ) .H 9. hi =hio 1500 Btu/hr.ft2oF
De
= 302.46575 Btu/hr.ft2oF
11. Uc = ho . hio
ho+hio
= 251.70999 Btu/hr.ft2oF
12. Rd = U c−U D = 0.017167
U c UD
PRESSURE DROP
Fluida proses/dingin (shell side) Fluida steam/panas (tube side)
1'. NRe = 33236.898 1. NRet = 19300.29
2'. Gs = 637656.72 lb/j ft2 2. Gt = 13560.01 lb/j ft2
3'. f = 0.0017 (fig.29 Kern3. f= 0.0001
4'. S = 0.8707 4. S.G = 0.0034
N+1 = 12. L = 24 Pt = 1/2. f .Gt 2 . L .n
B.n
5.22 .1010 . De. S.φ
Ds = 0.8333333 ft = 0.013624 psi
2
Ps = f .Gs . Ds.(N +1 )
5 .22 .1010 De .S .φ
= 5.0000246 psi

Kg kmol kg kmol kg kmol
Eth.Acetat 6720.21 76.36602 4238.56 48.16545 2481.65 28.20057
Ethanol 21498.85 467.3663 459.6 9.991304 21039.25 457.375
Air 11953.05 664.0583 408.54 22.69667 11544.51 641.3617
As.asetat 0 0 0 0 0 0
As.sulfat 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 40172.11 1207.791 5106.7 80.85343 35065.41 1126.937

Atas : BM liquid
Eth.Acetat 0.5957132 88 52.42276
Ethanol 0.123573 46 5.68436
Air 0.2807137 18 5.052847
As.asetat 0 60 0
As.sulfat 0 98 0
Atas : BM uap
Eth.Acetat 0.5957132 88 52.42276
Ethanol 0.123573 46 5.68436
Air 0.2807137 18 5.052847
As.asetat 0 60 0
As.sulfat 0 98 0

Bawah : BM liquid
Eth.Acetat 0.0632279 88 5.564052
Ethanol 0.3869597 46 17.80015
Air 0.5498124 18 9.896624
As.asetat 0 60 0
As.sulfat 0 98 0
Eth.Acetat 0.229 88 20.152
Ethanol 0.374 46 17.204
Air 0.397 18 7.146
As.asetat 0 60 0
As.sulfat 0 98 0

BM campuran liquida = BM campuran pada Enriching bagian bawah
= 33.26082
BM campuran uap = BM campuran pada Enriching bagian bawah
= 44.502

Bawah : BM liquida
Eth.Acetat 0.0250241 88 2.202119
Ethanol 0.4058567 46 18.66941
Air 0.5691192 18 10.24415
As.asetat 0 60 0
As.sulfat 0 98 0
Bawah : BM uap
Eth.Acetat 0.0558 88 4.9104
Ethanol 0.379 46 17.434
Air 0.5652 18 10.1736
As.asetat 0 60 0
As.sulfat 0 98 0

L = Lo =R x D
V = (R+1) x D
Ln = qF + L
Vn = V-(1-q) x F
R= 0.533586
Liquid Rate Gas Rate BM BM

lbmol/jam lb/jam lbmol/jam lb/jam Liquid uap
Bag.Enriching
Atas 95.111417 6007.234 273.3609 17265.47 63.15997 63.15997

Bawah 95.111417 136062.1 273.3609 12165.11 33.26082 44.502
Bag.Exhausting
Atas 95.111417 3163.484 273.3609 12165.11 33.26082 44.502

Bawah 95.111417 2959.456 273.3609 8889.149 31.11567 32.518
Beba terkecil terdapat pada bagian enriching bawah, maka perancangan

didasarkan pada bagian exhausting bawah.
L = 2959.456 lb/jam
V = 8889.149 lb/jam
BM liq = 31.11567 lb/lbmol
= 0.0948 lb/cuft


Vm = 26.0465 cuft/sec
Lm = 6.55087 gpm
Beban maksimum :
Vmax = 1.3 x Vm = 33.86045 cuft/sec
Lmax = 1.3 x Lm = 8.516131 gpm
Beban minimum :
Vmin = 0.7 x Vm = 18.23255 cuft/sec
Lmin = 0.7 x Lm = 4.585609 gpm
2.Tray Spacing
3. Diameter Kolom
G = C x (rv(rL-rv))0.5 C = 580 (fig 8.38 Ludwig)
= 1339.1432 lb/j.ft2
D= 1.13 x (Vm/G)0.5
= 2.9113541 ft dibulatkan = 3 ft
4. Tipe tray
Digunakan Reverse flow
Lw/D = 0.7495 (dipilih dari Tabel 14.10 Van Winkle)
H/D = 0.169
AD/AT= 0.1118
L'w = 2.2485 ft
H = 0.507 ft
AT = 1/4 x p x D2 = 7.065 ft2
AD = 0.789867 ft2
AD reverse= AD/2 = 0.394934
how = 0.092 x (Lm/Lw)2/3
how = 0.1876687 in
how max = 0.092 x (Lmax/Lw)2/3
how max = 0.2235394 in
how min = 0.092 x (Lmin/Lw)2/3
how min = 0.1479531 in
hl = hw + how 2.187669 in
hl max = hw+how ma 2.223539 in
hl min = hw+hw min 2.147953 in

Syarat : hw - hc = 0.25"-0.5"
Dipilih : hw - hc = 0.4 in
hc = 1.6 in = 0.133333 ft
Adc = Lw x hc = 0.2998 ft2

hd = 0.03(Lmax/100xAdc))2 = 0.002421 in
(hd memenuhi)
D<5 ft maka y = 3 in
r
y D>5 ft maka y = 4 in
x r= D/2 - wl/12
= 1.291667 ft
x = D/2 - (H+y)/12
= 0.659667 ft
Aa = 2x (x(r2-x2)0.5 + r2 x sin -1(x/r))
= 6.9 ft2

dimana : 2.5<=n<=4
Untuk n= 2.5
Ao = 1.000776
7. Pressure Drop
hp = 12x(rv/rLx1.14x(Uo2/2gc)x[0.4x(1.25-Ao/Ac)+(1-Ao/Ac)2]
Ac = AT-2 ADC= 6.4654 ft2
Uo = Vm/Ao 26.0263 ft/sec
hp = 0.1754299 in

Uomax = Vmax/Ao 33.83419 ft/sec

Uomin = Vmin/Ao 18.21841 ft/sec
hpmax = 0.5890255
hpmin = 0.1368633
hr = 0.5 x (r H2O/ rL)

= 0.5539025 in
ht = hp + hr + hlmax
= 2.9528718 in

hb = hl max + hd + ht syarat hb/(T+hw)<=0.5
= 5.178832

syarat : wl < 0.6H 3.6504 in
wl = 1.5512976 < 0.6H
9. Faktor weeping
hpw = 0.311177 in
hp min = 0.1368633 > hpw

a. Entrainment
Uc = V max / Ac 4.028598
= 14.441151 in
e = 0.0047686 (memenuhi)
b. Flooding :
L = 6.5508703 GPM = 2959.456 lb/jam
V = 26.046499 cuft/sec = 8889.149 lb/jam
L/V (rv/rL)0.5 = 0.010318
T = 20
UVN (rv/rL-rV)0.5 = 0.33

UVN = 31.98311
UVN * = UVN x ( s /20) 0.2 = 39.38577 fps
UVN,act = Vop/Ac = 4.028598 fps
= 10.22856 %
Performance Curve :
1. Beban liquid
Q = 2.98 x Lw x (howi)3/2
(Vi)4.2 = 1. 39 x 10−4 xΔQix σ xAc 3. 2 xρ L / ρV x (Te)3 .2
Te = T- 2.5x hlmax= 14.44115 in
ΔQi= Qke-n - Qi
hb = 0.5x(T+hw) 11 in
hdi = 0.03x(Qi/(100xAp))2
hli = howi + hw
V2i = Uoi x Ao
Tei = T-2.5 x hli
hpwi = 0.2+0.05 x hli
hpmi = hpwi
= 12x(rv/rLx1.14x(Uo2/2gc)x[0.4x(1.25-Ao/Ac)+(1-Ao/Ac)2]
V4i = Uoi x Ao
hbi = T+hw-(0.6xH/0.8)2/how1
V5i = Uoi x Ao
howi 0.05 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

Qi(gpm) 0.0749142 13.42431 37.96967 69.75474 107.3944 150.0883
BedaQ(gpm) 150.01338 136.664 112.1186 80.33356 42.69385 0
hd(in) 2.209E-09 7.094E-05 0.000568 0.001915 0.00454 0.008867
hL(in) 3.05 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
hp(in) 6.83006 5.929989 4.929492 3.928145 2.92552 1.921193
Te(in) 16.375 15.25 14 12.75 11.5 10.25
hpw(in) 0.3525 0.375 0.4 0.425 0.45 0.475
Uoi(V2) 94.822206 88.3537 80.55619 71.91037 62.05822 50.29019
Uoi(V4) 21.54157 22.21843 22.9471 23.65333 24.33907 25.00602
V1i(cfs) 2171.4079 2123.754 2025.973 1871.381 1609.895 0
V2i 944.28186 879.8656 802.2145 716.1156 618.0035 500.8121
V3i 917.01809 854.0168 784.0155 714.0141 644.0127 574.0113
V4i 214.52057 221.2611 228.5175 235.5504 242.3794 249.0211
V5i 0 0 0 0 0 0
2500
V1
2000
V,Beban uap (cfs)
V2
1500 V3
V4
1000
V5
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
di bj
N min =
log
[( )( )]
log α im

Komponen HK = Air
ki = Psat/Ptot
Nmin = 7.56
αjz j
∑ α −φ =1−q
j
α j x j .D
∑ α −φ =Rm +1
j

z = fraksi mol feed
R= 1.3 x Rmin = 0.533585
(R-Rmin)/(R+1) = 0.080293
(N-Nmin)/(N+1) 0.55
N = 18.02222 stage = 19
n = jumlah tray
n = n/effisiensi
m ave a ave = 0.49335
didapat : e = 56% 0.56
N = 33.92857
H = 658.5714 in = 54.88095 ft
Diambil waktu tinggal 10 menit
rL = 56.3276
L = 2959.456 lb/jam
Tinggi penampung (LxT) / (rL x At) = 1.239445
Tinggi ruang kosong di atas tray ditetapkan = 3 ft

Tinggi total kolom = 59.1204 ft
21.KONDENSOR KOLOM DISTILASI 2 (E-133)
Uap Air
Rate massa (lb/jam) 11255.17 108172.6
T masuk (oF) 158.09 86 72.09
T keluar (oF) 158.09 113 45.09

Tube data : 3/4 in OD, 18 BWG, 8 ft long, 1 5/16 in triangular pitch.
Neraca panas :
Fluida panas, Uap distilat Q = 647049.7 Btu/j
W = 11255.17 lb/j
Fluida dingin, Air pendingiQ = 2921471 Btu/j
W = 108172.6 lb/j
Δt 2 −Δt 1 = 57.53803 oF
ΔT LMTD= ¿
ln Δt 2 / Δt 1 ¿

(T1-t1) = 72.09 oF
(T 1 −T 2 ) 0
R= =
(t 2 −t 1 )
(t 2−t 1 ) 0.374532
S= =
(T 1 −t 1 )
Tc = Trata-rata = 158.09 oF
Penentuan UD
Asumsi UD = 25 (Tabel 8 Kern: gases-water)
Q = 2030.984
A=
U D . Δt
ID = 0.652 in OD = 0.75
at = 0.334 in2
L.ao . 1294 buah
ID shell = 39
Nt = 1330
n = 2
A . Δt

4'. Flow area 4..
as = ID s C ' . B 144 . n P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g
+ +
144 . PT ρ 2 α gc g
= 1.542431 ft2
= 2.3697917 ft2
Gs = W Gt = W
as aT
= 4749.433 lb/j ft2 = 70131.26 lb/j ft2

6'. Pd tc = 158.09 oF 6. m= 1.7 lb/j ft
m= 0.0301 lb/j ft ID = 0.652 in
De = 0.55 in = 0.054333 ft
= 0.0458333 ft
De .Gs NRet = ID.Gt
N Re=
μ μ
De .Gs ID.Gt
N Re=
μ μ
= 7231.9717 = 2241.45
G" = 11.63307
8' Asumsi ho = 250 V = Gt/3600r
hio = 252.10667 = 0.311694
tw = 123.04183 hio = hi.ID/OD= 252.1067
= 140.56592 oF
sf = 0.888
mf = 0.339
kf = 0.13
ho = 670 (fig 12.9)
Pressure Drop

f = 0.0024 ft2/in2 f = 0.00039 ft2/in2
(fig.29) (fig 26)
= 2.7428571 Pt = 2
f . Gt . L. n
= 3 5 . 22 .1010 . De. S . φ
s = 0.0018 Pt = 0.003607
Ds = 3.25 ft V2/2g' = 0.1 (fig 27)
3'. Ps = 2
f . Gs . Ds.( N +1 ) Pr = 4n/s.V2/2g' = 0.0009
2 . 5 .22 . 1010 De . S . φ Pt tot = Pt + Pr =
Ps = 0.0147081 psi = 0.004507 psi

ho . hio
ho+hio
Uc = ho . hio
ho+hio
= 252.10667 Btu/hr.ft2oF
Rd = U c−U D
U c UD
= 0.0371688 (memenuhi)

Asam asetat 60 0 0 64.05 0
Ethanol 46 459.6 0.0899994 49.41 0.0018215
Ethyl asetat 88 4238.56 0.8299998 54.9 0.0151184
Asam sulfat 98 0 0 112.24 0
Air 18 408.54 0.0800008 61 0.0013115
Total 5106.7 0.0182514

= 102.739 ft3
= 128.4238 ft3
dished head
= 0.0847 Ds3 + 0.0847 Ds3 + 1.1775 Ds3 = 1.3469 Ds3
Ds = 4.568462 ft
Ds = 5 ft = 60 in
Hs = 7.5 ft = 90 in
= 147.1875 ft3
Vta = 0.0847 Ds3
Vta = 10.5875 ft3
Vtb = 0.0847 Ds3
= 10.5875 ft3
Volume tangki, VT
VT = Vs + Vta + Vtb
= 168.3625 ft3
128.42378945 = (1/4) x p x16^2 x HLs + 10.5875
HLs = 6.004397
rc =r = ID = 5 ft = 60 in
icr = 6% . D
= 3.6 in
Sf = 2 in
a = ID/2 = 30 in
b = Rc−√( BC )2−( AB )2
Rc−√( BC )2−( AB )2
AB = (ID/2) - (icr)
= 30 - 3.6
= 26.4 in
BC = r-icr
= 60 - 3.6
= 56.4 in
b = 10.160257 in = 0.846688 ft
HL = HLS + b + Sf
HL = 6.0043969 + 0.846688 + 2
HL = 8.851085 ft
= 3.367741 psig
P design = 1.05 x ( 3.367741 + 0)
= 3.536128 psi
p.d
ts = + C pers.13.1 Brownell&Young
2 .( f . E−0 . 6 p)
C = faktor korosi
ts = 2(17000x0.8−0.6x1.556234)¿ + 0.125
60x1.556234¿ ¿
¿
2(17000x0.8−0.6x1.556234)¿
60x1.556234¿ ¿
¿
= 0.1328015 in
tta = 0.885. p. r c +C
f .E−0.1 p
= 17000x0. 8−0. 1x1. 556234¿ + 0.125
0. 885x60x1.556234¿ ¿
¿
= 0.1388069 in
ttb = 0.885. p. r c +C
f .E−0.1 p
= 17000x0. 8−0. 1x1. 556234¿ + 0.125
0. 885x60x1.556234¿ ¿
¿
= 0.1388069 in
23.POMPA REFLUX 2 (L-135)

Asam asetat 60 0 0 63.62 0.46
Etanol 46 459.6 0.089999 47.9 0.48
Etil asetat 88 4238.56 0.83 56.187 0.27
Asam sulfat 98 0 0 118.5 3
Air 18 408.54 0.080001 59.9 0.38
Total 5106.7
1
r campuran =  x
xii 
−1
m campuran =  33

∑[

 i ]
ρ ii 
 
dan
 xxiiμi11//33 
∑
(
 ii i )


= 11.25823 klb/jam
Bagian suction :
panjang(L)= 30 m = 98.424 ft
Dipasang 2 buah elbow 90o dan I buah globe valve dan sebuah Tee
Bagian discharge
tinggi(Z) = 10 m = 32.808 ft
panjang(L)= 100 m = 328.08 ft

Rumus :
0.45 −0.32
Di = 2.2.W
2.2.W ρρ
0 .45 −0.32
Di = 1.8078722 in
OD = 5.563 in = 0.463583 ft
ID = 5.047 in = 0.420583 ft
A= 20.016 in2 = 0.139 ft2
Rumus :

v= W/ ( r .A)
v= 1456.8127 ft/jam
= 0.4046702 fts

2 2
P 2−P 1 1 v 2 −v 1 g
+ + ( z 2− z1 ) + ∑ F=−W s
ρ 2 α gc gc
Menghitung ∑F :
Nre = ρ. D.V
μ
Nre = 47912.53
e /D = 0.000359
Ff = 4 f .Lv 2
D .2. g c

Kc = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Kc = 0.55
2
hc = Kcv
2. gc
= 0.003459 lbf.ft/lbm

Globe Valve,Half open : Kf = 9.5 jumlah 1
Tee : Kf = 1 jumlah 1
Elbow 90o : Kf = 0.75 jumlah 4
Kf total = 13.5
K F v2
hF 
2.g c
Ke = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Ke = 0.55
2
kE v
h E= hE =
Maka power pompa =
= 0.186908 Hp
Bottom steam Beda

Rate massa (lb/jam) 77284.1636 1734.2676
T masuk (oF) 168.8 324.1 155.3
T keluar (oF) 171.5 324.1 152.6

Tube data : 3/4 in OD, 14 BWG, 8 ft long, 1 in square pitch.
Neraca panas :
Fluida panas, steam pemQ = 19105233 Btu/j
W = 1734.2676 lb/j
Fluida dingin larutan Q = 830998.93 Btu/j
bottom vaporizing W = 77284.164 lb/j
Δt 2 −Δt 1 = 153.9461 oF
ΔT LMTD= ¿
ln Δt 2 / Δt 1 ¿

(T1-t1) = 155.3 oF
(T 1 −T 2 ) 0
R= =
(t 2 −t 1 )
(t 2−t 1 ) 0.0173857
S= =
(T 1 −t 1 )
Penentuan UD Fluida dingin
Tabel 8,Kern ; UD = 6-60
Asumsi UD 50
Q = 107.95976
A=
U D . Δt

dari tabel 10 Kern, dipilih : 3/4 in OD 14 BWG
ID = 0.652 in OD = 1.5
at = 0.548 in2
Jumlah tube (N) = A = 68.746661
L.ao . = 69 buah
ID shell = 13.25
Nt = 70
n = 8
Ud koreksi Q = 49.1047581 Btu/j.ft2oF
A . Δt
* Asumsi ho = 300 4..

at = Nt . at
tw = 195.80833 F = 0.033299 ft2
tw - tc = 25.658333
W
aT
Dari fig 15.11 hv >>> 300 Gt = W
aT
ho =hv = 300
= 52082.28 lb/j ft2
6. m= 0.015 lb/j ft
ID = 0.588 in
= 0.049 ft
NRet = ID.Gt
μ
= 170135.4
hio condensing steam 1500

Check untuk flux maksimum
*Heat flux :
Pressure Drop
4 . flow area 1.Untuk Ret = 170135.45

De=
flow area = (p /8)x(IDs2-do2 Nt) (fig 26)
= 7.0895313 in2 s = 0.0034
= 0.0492329 sqft Pt = 2
f .Gt . L.n
wp = ( p/2)x(Ids+Nt.do)+IDs 2 x 5.22.1010 . De. S.φ
= 198.9025 in Pt = 0.127521
= 16.575208 ft V2/2g' = 0.0005 (fig 27)
De = 0.0118811 ft Pr = 4n/s.V2/2g' =4.7058824
70514.748 = 4.833403 psi
m = 0.629
De .Gs
N Re=
μ
Res = 1331.9421
f = 0.0033 (fig.29.Kern)
* r uap,out = 0.0388
r liq, out = 54.8
s mix,out = 0.00039
s mix,in = 0.8776
s ave = 0.439
2
3'. Ps = f . Gs . L
5 . 22 .1010 De . S . φ
Ps = 0.4821396 psi

Uc = ho . hio
ho+hio
= 1500 Btu/hr.ft2oF
Rd = U c−U D
U c UD
= 0.019698 (memenuhi)

Asam asetat 60 0 0 63.62 0.46
Etanol 46 21039.3 0.4513984 47.9 0.48
Etil asetat 88 2480.8561 0.0532268 56.187 0.27
Asam sulfat 98 0 0 118.5 3
Air 18 11544.5 0.2476874 59.9 0.38
Total 46609.1561
1
r campuran =  x
xii 
−1
m campuran =  33
1/ 3 
[
∑
 i ρii 
  ] dan
∑
(
 ii i )

Komponen
Rate masas (W) : 46609.1561 kg/jam = 102754.5 lb/jam Eth.Acetat
= 102.7545 klb/jam
Bagian suction :
panjang(L)= 30 m = 98.424 ft
Dipasang 2 buah elbow 90
dano
I buah globe valve dan sebuah Tee
Bagian discharge Komponen

tinggi(Z) = 10 m = 32.808 ft Eth.Acetat
panjang(L)= 100 m = 328.08 ft

Rumus :
0 .45 −0.32
Di = 2.2.W
2.2.W 0 .45 ρρ−0.32 Komponen
W = massa (1000lb/jam) Eth.Acetat
r =density(lbm/cuft)
Di = 4.5648797 in
OD = 5.563 in = 0.4635833 ft
ID = 5.047 in = 0.4205833 ft
A= 20.016 in2 = 0.139 ft2
Bahan pipa : Commercial steel Komponen
Check jenis aliran : Eth.Acetat
Rumus :

v= W/ ( r .A)
v= 10723.506 ft/jam
= 2.9787518 fts

P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g
+ + ( z 2− z1 ) + ∑ F=−W s
ρ 2 α gc gc
P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g
+ + ( z 2− z1 ) + ∑ F=−W s
ρ 2 α gc gc
Menghitung ∑F :
Nre = ρ. D .V
μ
Nre = 704184.244
e /D = 0.00035883
Dari fig 2.10-3 Geankoplis f = 0.0048 Komponen
Ff = 4 f .Lv 2 Eth.Acetat
D .2. g c
Ff = 2.89128255 lbf.ft/lbm

Kc = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Kc = 0.55 Komponen
2
hc = Kcv Eth.Acetat
2 . gc
= 0.02546021 lbf.ft/lbm

Globe Valve,Half open :Kf = 9.5 jumlah 1
Tee Kf = 1 jumlah 1
Elbow 90o Kf = 0.75 jumlah 14
Kf total = 21
2
KFv
hF 
2. g c
K F v2
hF 
2. g c
Ke = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Ke = 0.55
k E v2
h E= hE =
2. gc 0.0758396 lbf.ft/lbm
2
Maka Kcv
5.88827774 lbf.ft/lbm
∑ F=
Maka power pompa = 2 . gc
Ws = 35.8371728 lbf.ft/lbm
= 1.85981435 Hp
Power motor = 3 Hp
26.POMPA RECYCLE LAPISAN BAWAH DECANTER (L-137)

Asam asetat 60 0 0 63.62 0.46
Etanol 46 454.92 0.0450963 48.67 0.48
Etil asetat 88 686.0431 0.0680076 56.75 0.27
Asam sulfat 98 0 0 118.5 3
Air 18 8946.78 0.8868961 62.4 0.38
Total 10087.7431
1
r campuran =  x
x 
−1
m campuran =  33

[
∑ ρii 
 i ii  ] dan
  xxiiμ
(∑
 ii
1/ 3
ii1 /3 )



= 22.23944 klb/jam
Bagian suction :
tinggi(Z) = 0.1 m = 0.32808 ft
panjang(L)= 100 m = 328.08 ft
Bagian discharge
tinggi(Z) = 5m = 16.404 ft
panjang(L)= 200 m = 656.16 ft
Dipasang 9 buah elbow 90o dan sebuah globe valve

Rumus :
0 .45 −0.32
Di = 2.2.W
2.2.W ρρ
0 .45 −0.32
W = massa (1000lb/jam)
Di = 2.3815091 in
OD = 2.38 in = 0.1983333 ft
ID = 2.067 in = 0.17225 ft
A= 3.35 in2 = 0.0232639 ft2
Rumus :

v= W/ ( r .A)
v= 15618.561 ft/jam
= 4.3384891 fts

2 2
P 2−P 1 1 v 2 −v 1 g
+ + ( z 2− z1 ) + ∑ F=−W s
ρ 2 α gc gc
Menghitung ∑F :
Nre = ρ. D .V
μ
Nre = 181114.768
e /D = 0.00087615
2
Ff = 4 f .Lv
D .2. g c
Ff = 33.3056875 lbf.ft/lbm

Kc = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Kc = 0.55
2
hc = Kcv
2 . gc
= 0.03708226 lbf.ft/lbm

Tee Kf = 1 jumlah 1
Kf total = 33.5
2
KFv
hF 
2. g c
Ke = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Ke = 0.55
2
kEv
h E= hE =
2
Maka Kcv
43.3027639 lbf.ft/lbm
∑ F=
Maka power pompa = 2 . gc
Ws = 49.6741183 lbf.ft/lbm
= 0.55794166 Hp
Power pompa = 5 Hp (fig.3.3-2.Geankoplis)
27.DECANTER (H-140)
Suhu operasi 40oC, tekanan operasi 1 atm.
Susunan komponen lapisan atas :

Komponen BM rate massa fraksi r (lb/cuft)
(kg/jam)
Ethyl asetat 88 4350.604 0.93 56.25
Ethanol 46 93.56137 0.02 48.67
Air 18 233.9034 0.05 62.109
Total 4678.06877
Komponen m x/r x.m1/3

Ethyl asetat 0.41 0.01653333 0.6908932
Ethanol 0.925 0.00041093 0.019487
Air 0.775 0.00080504 0.0459273
Total 0.0177493 0.7563074
r atas = 56.340249 lb/ft3 = 905.89486 kg/m3
m atas = 0.4326085 cps = 0.0004326 N.s/m2
Susunan komponen lapisan bawah :

Komponen BM rate massa fraksi r (lb/cuft)
(kg/jam)
Ethyl asetat 88 707.65 0.0699996 56.25
Ethanol 46 454.92 0.0449999 48.67
Air 18 8946.78 0.8850005 62.109
Total 10109.35
Komponen m x/r x.m1/3

Ethyl asetat 0.41 0.00124444 0.0520024
Ethanol 0.925 0.00092459 0.0438456
Air 0.775 0.01424915 0.812913 BedaQ(gpm)
Total 0.01641818 0.908761
r atas = 60.90809 lb/ft3 = 979.34118 kg/m3

m atas = 0.7504971 cps = 0.0007505 N.s/m2
Rate massa total = rate massa atas + rate massa bawah

= 4678.06877 + 10109.35
= 14787.4188 kg/jam
= 32591.471 lb/jam
Rate volumetrik total :

d d g ( ρd −ρc )
2
Ud=
18 μ c
dimana : dd : diameter droplet, m
Ud : settling velocity fase terdispersi, m/s
rc : density fase continuous(bawah), Kg/m3
rd : density fase terdispersi(atas), Kg/m3
mc : viscosity fase continuous, Ns/m2
g : percepatan gravitasi = 9.81 m/s2
Asumsi diameter droplet, dd = 0.00015 m

Maka diperoleh :
Ud = -0.0012 m/s = -1.200052 mm/s
Digunakan horisontal vessel, dengan :

Lc = 0.002722
Uc = -Ud
Uc = Lc/Ai
Ai = Lc/Uc = 2.2682352 m2
dimana :
Lc : volumetrik flow rate fase continuous, m3/s
Ai : luas interface, m2
Ai = 2(2r.z3 - z32)0.5.L
Direncanakan : z = 0.5D L/D = 1
maka z= r L = 2r
sehingga : w=2 √ 2.r . z−z 2
w=2 √ 2.r .2 −z 2
w=2.r
Ai = w . L = 2.r.4.r = 8 r2
Ai = 0.5324748 m
r=
√ 8
z = 0.53247479 m
L = 4.r = 2.1298992 m
D = 1.06494958 m = 3.4941 ft
Standarisasi diameter = 4 ft = 48 in
Lebar daerah dispersi = 0.1 diameter = 0.121914 m
Check residence time= lebar daerah dispersi/Ud
= 101.59065 detik
= 1.6931774 menit
(memenuhi 1.5-5 menit, Coulson hal 347)
Kecepatan fase atas = (rate massa lapisan atas/densitas)/3600/Ai

= 0.00063241 m/s
= 0.63240926 mm/s
0 .5
U d 18 . μ d
dd =
[
g ( ρ c− ρ d ) ]
dd = 0.00011394 m
Ukuran droplet fase berat yang menjadi entrainment pada fase ringan lebih
kecil dari 1.5.10-4 m (memenuhi syarat)
Pengaturan pipa
Kecepatan inlet dijaga di bawah 1 m/s ( Coulson, hal 348)
Flow rate = rate massa total/densitas x 1/3600
= 0.0099936 m3/s
Kecepatan inlet = 1 m/s, maka :

Luas area pipa = 0.00999364 m2
1 /2
Apipa∗4
Diameterpipa=
π [ ]
1 /2
Apipa∗4
Diameterpipa=
π [ ]
= 0.1128306 m
= 4.4421418 in
Digunakan pipa inlet ukuran nominal 5"Sch 40 (ID=5.047in)
z1=0.9xDiameter Decanter = 0.9584546 m = 3.1446896 ft
z3=0.5xDiameter Decanter = 0.5324748 m = 1.7470498 ft
z2=(z1-z3)(rd-rc)+z3 = 0.5266749 m = 1.7280204 ft
w
interface
2r
Material yang digunakan : SA -167 Grade 3 Type 304
Menghitung tebal bagian shell
P hidrostatik = rbawah z2/144 = 0.7309057 psi
Poperasi= 14.7 psia = 0 psig
di = 48 in
pi = 0.7309057 psia
f = 17000 psi
E = 0.8
c = 0.125
pi d i
ts= +C
2(f . E−0 . 6 p i )
ts = 0.1262899 = 3/8 "

* Tutup atas berbentuk standart dished head
r (crown radius) = do = 48 in
0 . 885 pi r
th= +c
f . E−0 .1 pi
th = 0.1250253 = 3/8"
* Tutup bawah berbentuk standart dished head

r (crown radius) = do = 48 in
0 . 885 pi r
th= +c
f . E−0 .1 pi
th = 0.1250253 = 3/8"
28. MIXER (M-141)
Mixer berupa silinder tegak berpengaduk dengan tutup atas dan bawah
berupa standard dished head
Susunan bahan masuk mixer

Komponen Berat(kg) Berat(lb) fraksi berat S.Glarutan r(g/cm3)
ethanol 548.48 1208.84992 0.037091 0.8092 0.8029
air 9180.68 20234.2187 0.6208439 1 0.9923
ethyl asetat 5058.26 11148.405 0.3420651 0.9 0.893
Total 14787.42 32591.4737
S.G = 0.95533534
Densitas larutan = 0.94794871 kg/lt = 59.18044 lb/ft3
Rate volumetrik = 550.713631 ft3/j
= 275.431776 ft3
= 344.28972 ft3
dished head
= 0.0847 Ds3 + 0.0847 Ds3 + 1.1775 Ds3 = 1.3469 Ds3
Ds = 6.34643107 ft
Ds = 7 ft = 84 in
Hs = 10.5 ft = 126 in
= 403.8825 ft3
Vta = 0.0847 Ds3
Vta = 29.0521 ft3
Vtb = 0.0847 Ds3
= 29.0521 ft3
Volume tangki, VT
VT = Vs + Vta + Vtb
= 461.9867 ft3
344.28972 = (1/4) x p x16^2 x HLs + 29.0521
HLs = 8.19544054
rc =r = ID = 7 ft = 84 in
icr = 6% . D
= 0.06 x 108 5.04 in
Sf = 2 in
a = ID/2 = 42 in
b = Rc−√( BC )2−( AB )2
AB = (ID/2) - (icr)
= 42 - 5.04
= 36.96 in
BC = r-icr
= 84 - 5.04
= 78.96 in
b = 14.22436 in = 1.1853633 ft
HL = HLS + b + Sf
HL = 8.1954405 + 1.1853633 + 2
HL = 11.380804 ft
= 4.67722883 psig
P design = 1.05 x( 4.6772288 + 0)
= 4.91109027 psi
p.d
C = faktor korosi
ts = 2(17000x0.8−0.6x6.144127) ¿ + 0.125
6.144127x120¿ ¿
¿
Asam asetat
= 0.1401699 in
Tebal plate standar untuk silinder yaitu 3/16" Ethyl asetat
Tebal tutup atas, ta : Asam sulfat
tta = 0. 885. p.r c +C
f . E−0.1 p
= 17000x0.8−0.1x6.144127¿ + 0.125
0.885x6.144127x120¿ ¿
¿
17000x0.8−0.1x6.144127¿
0.885x6.144127x120¿ ¿
¿
= 0.1518459 in
ttb = 0. 885. p.r c +C
f . E−0.1 p
= 170 0 x0.8−0.1x6.14 127 ¿ + 0.125
0.8 5x6.14 127 x120¿ ¿
¿
= 0.1518459 in
OA = tinggi standard dished head

= ts + b +sf
= 0.1875 + 14.22436 + 2
= 16.41186 in = 1.367655 ft,diambil 1.5 ft
Tinggi total tangki = 10.5 + 3
= 13.5 ft
Pengaduk
Dipilih pengaduk dengan spesifikasi sebagai berikut :
Type : flat blade turbin
Jumlah blade : 6 buah
Ukuran turbin impeller secara umum adalah sebagai berikut :
(Mc.Cabe ed.5,hal 243)
Di/Dt = 1/3
H/Dt = 1
E/Dt = 1/3
W/Dt = 1/5
L/Di = 1/4
dimana : Di : diameter impeller
Dt : diameter dalam tangki
H : tinggi liquida dalam tangki
E : tinggi impeller dari dasar tangki
W : lebar blade
L : panjang blade
Diketahui : Dt = 7 ft
Sehingga : Di = 2.33333333 ft
H = 7 ft W = 1.4
E = 2.33333333 ft L = 1.75
Digunakan baffle, yang dipasang tiap 90o
Lebar baffle = J = (1/12) x Dt
= 0.5833333 ft
Jumlah pengaduk
Berdasarkan persamaan dari M.V.Joshi, hal.389
tinggiliquidaxsgliquida
Jumlahpengaduk =
diameter _tan gki
= 0.9553353 = 1 buah
Power pengaduk
Ditetapkan kecepatan putar pengaduk, N = 65 rpm

Viskositas larutan dalam reaktor :
Komponen fraksi berat m (70oC)
asam asetat 0.5203 0.65
ethanol 0.4454 0.52
air 0.0289 0.4061
asam sulfat 0.0054 6.6
Total 1
Viskositas larutan (sumber: Perry, hal3.282) :

ln( μ L )=∑ x i ln( μi )
i
= -0.5312
mL = 0.5879 cp = 0.5879 kg/m.s
= 0.00039512 lb/ft.s
Bilangan Reynold :
ρ . N . Di
N Re=
μ
= 378605.874
Dari Fig 3.4-4 Geankoplis diperoleh : Np = 6.1

Sehingga kebutuhan akan daya :
3
P=N p ρ . N D 5 / g c
i
P = 986.672889 lbf.ft/s
= 1.79395071 hp
Asumsi : Gland losses 10% sehingga power input = 1.1 x 1.793951

= 1.9733458 hp
Transmission system losses 205
Sehingga power yang dibutuhkan = 1.2 x 1.9733458
= 2.368015 hp
Efisiensi motor = 80-95 %, diambil = 80 %
maka power motor = 0.55 hp (1hp)
Spesifikasi Pengaduk dan Perlengkapannya
Pengaduk
Type = flat blade turbin
Jumlah pengaduk = 1
Jumlah blade = 6
Diameter pengaduk,Dp= 28 in
Panjang blade,L = 21 in
Lebar blade,W = 16.8 in
Lebar baffle,J = 7 in
Jumlah baffle = 4 buah
29.POMPA MIXER(L-142)

Etil Asetat 88 5058.26 0.34206508 56.7 0.29
Etanol 46 548.48 0.03709099 47.95 0.5
Air 18 9180.68 0.62084393 60.95 0.43
Total 14787.42
1 3
   xi 
1/ 3
 
 i i   i
i


= 32.60035 klb/jam
Bagian suction :
tinggi(Z) = 0.5 m = 1.6404 ft
panjang(L)= 20 m = 65.616 ft
Dipasang 7 buah elbow 90
dano
I buah globe valve
Bagian discharge
tinggi(Z) = 20 m = 65.616 ft
panjang(L)= 40 m = 131.232 ft

Rumus :
Di = 2.2.W 0 .45 ρ−0.32
W = massa (1000lb/jam) = 0.153879 cfs
Di = 2.8645433 in
OD = 3.5 in = 0.2916667 ft
ID = 3.068 in = 0.2556667 ft
A= 7.38 in2 = 0.05125 ft2
Rumus :

v= W/ ( r .A)
v= 10809.033 ft/jam
= 3.002509 fts

P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g
+ + ( z 2− z1 ) + ∑ F=−W s
ρ 2 α gc gc
Menghitung ∑F :
Nre = ρ. D .V
μ
Nre = 247828.315
v= 1.9536792 fps = 7033.2451 ft/jam
Nre = 161257.474
v= 0.6223446 fps = 2240.4407 ft/jam
Nre = 51368.5784

e /D = 0.00059029
Ff = 4 f .Lv 2
D .2. g c

Dari fig.2.10-3.Geankopl f = 0.0046
L = 65.616 ft
Ff = 0.66158715 lbf.ft/lbm
L = 65.616 ft
Ff = 0.28619691 lbf.ft/lbm
Untuk perpipaan destilat f= 0.0057
L = 100 ft
Ff = 0.05367692 lbf.ft/lbm

Kc = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Kc = 0.55
2
hc = Kcv
2 . gc
= 0.07705419 lbf.ft/lbm
Tee Kf = 1 jumlah 1
Kf total = 21
2
KFv
hF 
2. g c
Ke = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Ke = 0.55
2
k v
h E= E
2. gc
Maka power pompa =
Ws = 22.5973372 lbf.ft/lbm
= 0.37206112 Hp
30. TANGKI PENAMPUNG LAPISAN BAWAH DECANTER (F-143)
Asam asetat 60 0 0 65.21 0
Ethanol 46 454.92 0.04499993 50.3 0.00089463
Ethyl asetat 88 707.65 0.06999955 55.89 0.00125245
Asam sulfat 98 0 0 114.26 0
Air 18 8946.78 0.88500052 62.1 0.01425122
Total 10109.35 0.0163983

= 182.735044 ft3
= 228.418805 ft3
dished head
= 0.0847 Ds3 + 0.0847 Ds3 + 1.1775 Ds3 = 1.3469 Ds3
Ds = 5.53518534 ft
Ds = 6 ft = 72 in
Hs = 9 ft = 108 in
= 254.34 ft3
Vta = 0.0847 Ds3
Vta = 18.2952 ft3
Vtb = 0.0847 Ds3
= 18.2952 ft3
Volume tangki, VT
VT = Vs + Vta + Vtb
= 290.9304 ft3
228.41881 = (1/4) x p x16^2 x HLs + 18.2952
HLs = 7.43537173
rc =r = ID = 6 ft = 72 in
icr = 6% . D
= 0.06 x 108 4.32 in
Sf = 2 in
a = ID/2 = 36 in
b = Rc−√( BC )2−( AB )2
Rc−√( BC )2−( AB )2
AB = (ID/2) - (icr)
= 36 - 4.32
= 31.68 in
BC = r-icr
= 72 - 4.32
= 67.68 in
b = 12.192308 in = 1.0160257 ft
HL = HLS + b + Sf
HL = 7.4353717 + 1.0160257 + 2
HL = 10.451397 ft
= 4.4260169 psig
P design = 1.05 x( 4.4260169 + 0)
= 4.64731774 psi
p.d
C = faktor korosi
ts = 2(17000x0.8−0.6x4.6473177)¿ + 0.125
4.6473177x72¿ ¿
¿
2(17000x0.8−0.6x4.6473177)¿
4.6473177x72¿ ¿
¿
= 0.1373042 in
tta = 0. 885. p.r c +C
f . E−0.1 p
= 17000 x0.8−0.1 x4.647317 7 ¿ + 0.125
0.8 5x4.647317 x72¿ ¿
¿
= 0.1467748 in
ttb = 0. 885. p.r c +C
f . E−0.1 p
= 17000x0.8−0.1 x4.64731777¿ + 0.125
0.885x4.6473177x72¿ ¿
¿
= 0.1467748 in
31. TANGKI PENAMPUNG LAPISAN ATAS DECANTER (F-144)

Asam asetat 60 0 0 65.21 0
Ethanol 46 93.56137 0.02 50.3 0.00039761
Ethyl asetat 88 4350.604 0.93000001 55.89 0.01663983
Asam sulfat 98 0 0 114.26 0
Air 18 233.9034 0.04999999 62.1 0.00080515
Total 4678.06877 0.0178426

= 92.0077563 ft3
= 115.009695 ft3
dished head
= 0.0847 Ds3 + 0.0847 Ds3 + 1.1775 Ds3 = 1.3469 Ds3
Ds = 4.40351723 ft
Ds = 5 ft = 60 in
Hs = 7.5 ft = 90 in
= 147.1875 ft3
Vta = 0.0847 Ds3
Vta = 10.5875 ft3
Vtb = 0.0847 Ds3
= 10.5875 ft3
Volume tangki, VT
VT = Vs + Vta + Vtb
= 168.3625 ft3
115.0097 = (1/4) x p x16^2 x HLs + 10.5875
HLs = 5.3208762
rc =r = ID = 5 ft = 60 in
icr = 6% . D
= 0.06 x 108 3.6 in
Sf = 2 in
a = ID/2 = 30 in
b = Rc−√( BC )2−( AB )2
AB = (ID/2) - (icr)
= 30 - 3.6
= 26.4 in
BC = r-icr
= 60 - 3.6
= 56.4 in
b = 10.160257 in = 0.8466881 ft
HL = HLS + b + Sf
HL = 5.3208762 + 0.8466881 + 2
HL = 8.1675643 ft
= 3.17886465 psig
P design = 1.05 x( 3.1788647 + 0)
= 3.33780789 psi
p.d
C = faktor korosi
ts = 2(17000x0.8−0.6x3.3378079)¿ + 0.125
3.3378079x60¿ ¿
¿
= 0.1323639 in
tta = 0. 885. p.r c +C
f . E−0.1 p
= 17000x0.8−0.1 x3.3378079 ¿ + 0.125
0.885x60x3.3 78079¿ ¿
¿
= 0.1380325 in
ttb = 0. 885. p.r c +C
f . E−0.1 p
= 17000x0.8−0.1 x3.3378079¿ + 0.125
0.885x60x3.3378079¿ ¿
¿
= 0.1380325 in
Kondisi operasi :
Fluida dingin 33.235 71.3 91.823 160.34

Fluida panas 162.3 162.3 324.14 324.14
steam T1 =324.14 F

t1=91.823 F KD-1 t2 = 160.34
T2 = 324.14 F
Properti bahan :
Fluida Steam
proses
Trata-rata (oF) 126.0815 324.14
Selisih T (oF) 68.517 0
S.G 0.9007 0.0034
Cp(Btu/lbm.oF) 0.5114 -
k 0.089 -
m (lbm/j.ft) 0.8688 0.0363
1.Neraca panas

Q steam = 112376.06 Kcal/jam 445943.8 Btu/jam
Fluida dinginFluida panas Beda
91.823 324.14 232.317
160.34 324.14 163.8
Δt 2 −Δt 1 = 196.0672 oF
ΔT LMTD= Δt 2
¿
ln / Δt 1 ¿
2. Dicoba pakai S&T 1-2 HE; Ft 1

(T1-t1) = 232.317 oF
(T 1 −T 2 ) 0
R= =
(t 2 −t 1 )
(t 2−t 1 ) 0.294929
S= =
(T 1 −t 1 )
Penentuan UD
Tabel 8,Kern ; UD ma 6-60
Asumsi UD 50
Q = 45.48886
A=
U D . Δt

ID = 0.62 in
at = 0.302 in2
A
L.ao .
L.ao .
= 24 buah
ID shell = 8
Nt = 24
n = 4
A koreksi Nt x ao x L = 47.112 ft2
A. Δt

4'. Flow area 4..
144 . n
as = ID s C ' . B
144. PT
= 0.012583 ft2
= 0.111111 ft2
Gs = W Gt = W
as aT
= 92819.44 lb/j ft2 = 39725.92 lb/j ft2

6'. Pd tc = 126.0815 oF 6. m= 0.0363 lb/j ft
m= 0.8688 lb/j ft ID = 0.62 in
De 0.73 in = 0.051667 ft
0.060833 ft
De .Gs NRet = ID.Gt
N Re=
μ μ
6499.213 = 56542.86
7'.JH = 45 (fig.28 Kern)

8' k(c.m/k)1/3 = 0.15
1/3
9'. ho= k .(c . μ/k ) .H 9. hi =hio 1500 Btu/hr.ft2oF
De
1/3
k .(c . μ/k ) .H
De
= 110.9589 Btu/hr.ft2oF
11. Uc = ho . hio
ho+hio
103.3163 Btu/hr.ft2oF
12. Rd = U c−U D = 0.011035
U c UD
PRESSURE DROP
Fluida proses/dingin (shell side Fluida steam/panas (tube side)
1'. NRe = 6499.213 1. NRet = 56542.86
2'. Gs = 92819.44 lb/j ft2 2. Gt = 39725.92 lb/j ft2
3'. f = 0.0022 (fig.29 Kern) 3. f= 0.00024
4'. S = 0.9007 4. S.G = 0.0034
2
N+1 = 12. L = 15 Pt = 1/2. f .Gt . L .n
B .n
5.22.1010 . De. S.φ
Ds = 0.051667 ft = 0.701614 psi
2
Ps = f .Gs . Ds. (N +1 )
5 .22 .1010 De .S .φ
= 0.005136 psi

Kg kmol kg kmol kg kmol
Eth.Acetat 4350.604 49.438682 819.7015 9.31479 3530.903 40.12389
Ethanol 93.56137 2.0339428 88.8833 1.932246 4.67807 0.101697
Air 233.9034 12.994633 79.00738 4.389299 154.896 8.605334
As.asetat 0 0 0 0 0 0
As.sulfat 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 4678.069 64.467258 987.5922 15.63633 3690.477 48.83092

Atas : BM liquid
Eth.Acetat 0.595714 88 52.42287
Ethanol 0.123574 46 5.684408
Air 0.280712 18 5.052807
As.asetat 0 60 0
As.sulfat 0 98 0
Atas : BM uap
Eth.Acetat 0.595714 88 52.42287
Ethanol 0.123574 46 5.684408
Air 0.280712 18 5.052807
As.asetat 0 60 0
As.sulfat 0 98 0

Bawah : BM liquid
Eth.Acetat 0.76688 88 67.48548
Ethanol 0.03155 46 1.451301
Air 0.20157 18 3.628251
As.asetat 0 60 0
As.sulfat 0 98 0
Eth.Acetat 0.70582 88 62.11216
Ethanol 0.04851 46 2.23146
Air 0.2457 18 4.4226
As.asetat 0 60 0
As.sulfat 0 98 0

BM campuran liquida BM campuran pada Enriching bagian bawah
= 72.565034
BM campuran uap BM campuran pada Enriching bagian bawah
= 68.76622
Bawah : BM liquida
Eth.Acetat 0.82169 88 72.30874
Ethanol 0.002083 46 0.095801
Air 0.176227 18 3.172089
As.asetat 0 60 0
As.sulfat 0 98 0
Bawah : BM uap
Eth.Acetat 0.8026 88 70.6288
Ethanol 0.0012 46 0.0552
Air 0.1963 18 3.5334
As.asetat 0 60 0
As.sulfat 0 98 0

L = Lo RxD
V = (R+1) x D
Ln = qF + L
Vn = V-(1-q) x F
R= 1.8318598
Liquid Rate Gas Rate BM BM

lbmol/jam lb/jam lbmol/jam lb/jam Liquid uap
Bag.Enriching
Atas 63.14762 3988.4089 97.61948 6165.655 63.16008 63.16008

Bawah 63.14762 136062.1 97.61948 6712.923 72.56503 68.76622
Bag.Exhausting
Atas 63.14762 4582.3092 97.61948 6712.923 72.56503 68.76622

Bawah 63.14762 4772.4842 97.61948 7245.064 75.57663 74.2174
Beba terkecil terdapat pada bagian enriching bawah, maka perancangan

didasarkan pada bagian exhausting bawah.
L 4772.484 lb/jam
V 7245.064 lb/jam
BM liq 75.57663 lb/lbmol
= 0.0948 lb/cuft

Vm 21.229091 cuft/sec
Lm 10.564079 gpm
Beban maksimum :
Vmax 1.3 x Vm = 27.59782 cuft/sec
Lmax 1.3 x Lm = 13.7333 gpm
Beban minimum :
Vmin = 0.7 x Vm = 14.86036 cuft/sec
Lmin = 0.7 x Lm = 7.394856 gpm
Asam asetat
2.Tray Spacing
3. Diameter Kolom Asam sulfat
G C x (rv(rL-rv))
0.5
C = 570 (fig 8.38 Ludwig)
1316.055 lb/j.ft2
D = 1.13 x (Vm/G)0.5
2.651323 ft dibulatkan = 3 ft
4. Tipe tray
Digunakan Reverse flow
Lw/D 0.7495 (dipilih dari Tabel 14.10 Van Winkle)
H/D = 0.169
AD/AT= 0.1118
L'w 2.2485 ft
H 0.507 ft
AT =1/4 x p x D2 = 7.065 ft2
AD = 0.789867 ft2
AD rever AD/2 = 0.3949335
how =0.092 x (Lm/Lw)2/3
how = 0.258076 in
how max 0.092 x (Lmax/Lw)2/3
how max 0.307404 in
how min 0.092 x (Lmin/Lw)2/3
how min 0.20346 in
hl = hw + how 2.2580756 in
hl max =hw+how m2.3074038 in
hl min = hw+hw mi 2.20346 in

Syarat : hw - hc =0.25"-0.5"
Dipilih hw - hc = 0.4 in
hc = 1.6 in = 0.133333 ft
Adc = Lw x hc = 0.2998 ft2

hd = 0.03(Lmax/100xAdc))2 = 0.006295 in
(hd memenuhi)
D<5 ft maka y = 3 in
r
y D>5 ft maka y = 4 in
x r= D/2 - wl/12
= 1.291667 ft
x = D/2 - (H+y)/12
= 0.743 ft
Aa = 2x (x(r2-x2)0.5 + r2 x sin -1(x/r))
= 1.18742 ft2

dimana : 2.5<=n<=4
Untuk n= 2.5
Ao = 0.172223 ft2
7. Pressure Drop
hp = 12x(rv/rLx1.14x(Uo /2gc)x[0.4x(1.25-Ao/Ac)+(1-Ao/Ac) ]
2 2
Ac = AT-2 ADC= 6.4654 ft2

Uo = Vm/Ao 123.26485 ft/sec
hp = 4.720584 in

Uomax =Vmax/Ao= 160.2443 ft/sec

Uomin =Vmin/Ao= 86.285394 ft/sec
hpmax = 13.68354
hpmin = 3.82739
hr 0.5 x (r H2O/ rL)

0.553903 in
ht hp + hr + hlmax
7.58189 in

hb hl max + hd + ht syarat hb/(T+hw)<=0.5
9.895589

wl = 0.8x(how max(T+hw-hb))
0.5
syarat : wl < 0.6H 3.6504 in

wl = 1.409938 < 0.6H
9. Faktor weeping
hpw = 0.31537 in
hp min 3.82739 > hpw (memenuhi syarat)

a. Entrainment
Uc = V max / Ac3.2834923
= 12.23149 in
e = 0.006494 (memenuhi)
b. Flooding :
L = 10.56408 GPM = 4772.484 lb/jam
V = 21.22909 cuft/sec = 7245.064 lb/jam
L/V (rv/rL)0.5 = 0.0204147
T = 18
UVN (rv/rL-rV)0.5 = 0.33
UVN = 16.164793
UVN * = UVN x ( s /20) 0.2 = 18.25897 fps
UVN,act =Vop/Ac = 3.2834923 fps
= 17.982898 %
Performance Curve :
1. Beban liquid
Q = 2.98 x Lw x (howi)3/2
3. 2
−4
(Vi)4.2 = 1. 39 x 10 xΔQix σ xAc xρ L / ρV x (Te)3 .2
Te = T- 2.5x hlmax= 12.23149 in
ΔQi= Qke-n - Qi
hb = 0.5x(T+hw 10 in
hdi = 0.03x(Qi/(100xAp))2
hli = howi + hw
2 2
V2i = Uoi x Ao
Tei = T-2.5 x hli
hpwi = 0.2+0.05 x hli
hpmi = hpwi
= 12x(rv/rLx1.14x(Uo /2gc)x[0.4x(1.25-Ao/Ac)+(1-Ao/Ac) ]
2 2
V4i = Uoi x Ao
wl = 0.8x(how max(T+hw-hb))
0.5
hbi = T+hw-(0.6xH/0.8)2/how1
2 2
V5i = Uoi x Ao
howi 0.05 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

Qi(gpm) 0.0749142 13.424306 37.96967 69.754738 107.39444 150.0883
BedaQ(gpm) 150.01338 136.66399 112.11863 80.333561 42.693854 0
hd(in) 2.209E-09 7.094E-05 0.0005675 0.0019153 0.00454 0.0088673
hL(in) 3.05 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
hp(in) 6.83006 5.929989 4.9294924 3.9281446 2.9255199 1.9211927
Te(in) 16.375 15.25 14 12.75 11.5 10.25
hpw(in) 0.3525 0.375 0.4 0.425 0.45 0.475
Uoi(V2) 94.822206 88.3537 80.556187 71.910372 62.058222 50.290188
Uoi(V4) 21.54157 22.218433 22.947099 23.653328 24.339074 25.006022
V1i(cfs) 2171.4079 2123.7544 2025.9734 1871.3807 1609.8946 0
V2i 944.28186 879.86559 802.21447 716.11558 618.00348 500.81214
V3i 917.01809 854.01685 784.01547 714.01409 644.0127 574.01132
V4i 214.52057 221.26108 228.51746 235.5504 242.37937 249.02113
V5i 0 0 0 0 0 0
2500
V1
V,Beban uap (cfs)
2000
V2
1500 V3
V4
1000
V5
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
di bj
N min=
log
[( )( )]
log α im

Komponen HK = Air
ki = Psat/Ptot
Nmin = 6.62
αz
j j
∑ α −φ =1−q
j
α j x j .D
∑ α −φ =Rm +1
j

z = fraksi mol feed
R= 1.3 x Rmin = 1.83186
(R-Rmin)/(R+1) = 0.149279
(N-Nmin)/(N+1) 0.55
N = 15.933333 stage = 16

n = jumlah tray
n = n/effisiensi
m ave a ave = 0.49335
didapat : e = 56% 0.56
N = 28.571429
H = 496.28571 in = 41.35714 ft
Diambil waktu tinggal 10 menit
rL = 56.3276
L = 4772.484 lb/jam
Tinggi penampung (LxT) / (rL x At) = 1.998756
Tinggi ruang kosong di atas tray ditetapkan 3 ft

Tinggi total kolom 46.355899 ft
34.KONDENSOR KOLOM DISTILASI 3 (E-152)
Uap Air
Rate massa (lb/jam) 2176.6532 18804.46
T masuk (oF) 158.45 86 72.45
T keluar (oF) 158.45 113 45.45

Tube data 3/4 in OD, 18 BWG, 8 ft long, 1 5/16 in triangular pitch.
Neraca panas :
Fluida panas, Uap distilat Q = 70391.2 Btu/j
W = 2176.653 lb/j
Fluida dingin, Air pending Q = 507861.2 Btu/j
W = 18804.46 lb/j
Δt 2 −Δt 1 = 57.90464 oF
ΔT LMTD= ¿
ln Δt 2 / Δt 1 ¿

(T1-t1) = 72.45 oF
(T 1 −T 2 ) 0
R= =
(t 2 −t 1 )
(t 2−t 1 ) 0.372671
S= =
(T 1 −t 1 )
Tc Trata-rata = 158.45 oF
Penentuan UD
Asumsi UD = 25 (Tabel 8 Kern: gases-water)
Q = 350.8259
A=
U D . Δt

ID = 0.652 in OD = 0.75
at = 0.334 in2
L.ao . = 224 buah
ID shell = 19.25
Nt = 226
n = 4
A. Δt

4'. Flow area 4..
as = ID s C ' . B 144 . n
144. PT
= 0.131049 ft2
= 1.169705 ft2
Gs = W Gt = W
as aT
= 1860.857 lb/j ft2 = 143492.3 lb/j ft2

6'. Pd tc = 158.45 oF 6. m= 1.7 lb/j ft
m= 0.0302 lb/j ft ID = 0.652 in
De 0.55 in (fig28) = 0.054333 ft
0.045833 ft
De .Gs NRet = ID.Gt
N Re=
μ μ
2824.148 = 4586.126
G" = 7.333202
8' Asumsi ho = 250 V = Gt/3600r
hio = 234.72 = 0.637743
tw = 124.902 hio = hi.ID/OD= 234.72
= 141.676 oF
sf = 0.888
mf = 0.339
kf = 0.13
ho = 698 (fig 12.9)
Pressure Drop

f = 0.0027 ft2/in2 f = 0.00039 ft2/in2
(fig.29) (fig 26)
= 2.742857 Pt = 2
f . Gt . L. n
= 3 5 . 22 .1010 . De. S . φ
s = 0.0018 Pt = 0.0302
Ds = 1.604167 ft V2/2g' = 0.1 (fig 27)
3'. Ps = f . Gs2 . Ds.( N +1 ) Pr = 4n/s.V2/2g' = 0.0009
2 . 5 .22 . 1010 De . S . φ Pt tot = Pt + Pr =
Ps = 0.001254 psi = 0.0311 psi

Uc = ho . hio
ho+hio
234.72 Btu/hr.ft2oF
Rd = U c−U D
U c UD
= 0.036205 (memenuhi)

Asam asetat 60 0 0 63.74 0
Ethanol 46 88.8833 0.09 49.17 0.0018304
Ethyl asetat 88 819.7015 0.83 54.63 0.0151931
Asam sulfat 98 0 0 111.69 0
Air 18 79.00738 0.08 60.7 0.001318
Total 987.59218 0.0183415
Volume liquida (VL) =rate massa*waktu tinggal / densitas
19.966931 ft3
Volume liquida (VL) =80 % volume tangki (VT)
Volume tangki (VT) =volume liquida / 0.8
24.958664 ft3
dished head
V tutup bawah (Vtb) =0.0847 Ds3
V shell (Vs) (1/4) x p x Ds2 x Hs
Ditetapkan Hs (tinggi silinder) =1.5 Ds (diameter silinder), maka :
V tangki =V tutup atas + V tutup bawah + V shell
= 0.0847 Ds3 + 0.0847 Ds3 + 1.1775 Ds3 = 1.3469 Ds3
Ds = 2.6462365 ft
Ds = 3 ft = 36 in
Hs = 4.5 ft = 54 in
= 31.7925 ft3
Vta = 0.0847 Ds3
Vta = 2.2869 ft3
Vtb = 0.0847 Ds3
= 2.2869 ft3
Volume tangki, VT
VT = Vs + Vta + Vtb
= 36.3663 ft3
24.95866 = (1/4) x p x16^2 x HLs + 2.2869
HLs = 3.2090254
rc =r = ID = 3 ft = 36 in
icr = 6% . D
= 0.06 x 108 2.16 in
Sf = 2 in
a = ID/2 = 18 in
b = Rc−√( BC )2−( AB )2
AB = (ID/2) - (icr)
= 18 - 2.16
= 15.84 in
BC = r-icr
= 36 - 2.16
= 33.84 in
b = 6.096154 in = 0.508013 ft
HL = HLS + b + Sf
HL = 3.209025 + 0.508013 + 2
HL = 5.717038 ft
= 2.1645854 psig
P design = 1.05 x( 2.164585 + 0)
= 2.2728147 psi
p.d
C = faktor korosi
ts = 2(17000x0.8−0.6x2.272815)¿ + 0.125
36x2.272815¿ ¿
¿
= 0.128008 in
tta = 0.885. p.r c +C
f .E−0.1 p
= 17000x0.8−0. 1 x2. 272815¿ + 0.125
0.885x2. 272815x36¿ ¿
¿
17000x0.8−0. 1 x2. 272815¿
0.885x2. 272815x36¿ ¿
¿
= 0.130324 in
ttb = 0.885. p.r c + C
f .E−0.1 p
= 17000x0.8−0. 1 x2. 272815¿ + 0.125
0.885x2. 272815x36¿ ¿
¿
= 0.130324 in
36. POMPA REFLUX 3 (L-155)

Etil Asetat 88 819.7015 0.415 56.7 0.29
Etanol 46 88.8833 0.045 47.95 0.5
Air 18 79.00738 0.04 60.95 0.43
Total 1975.1844
1 3
   xi i
1/ 3
 
 i i   i 

= 4.354491 klb/jam
Bagian suction :
tinggi(Z) 0.5 m = 1.6404 ft
panjang(L) 20 m = 65.616 ft
tekanan(p) 14.7 psia =
Dipasang 7 buah elbowdan
90o1 buah globe valve
Bagian discharge
tinggi(Z) 15 m = 49.212 ft
panjang(L) 45 m = 147.636 ft

Rumus :
Di = 2.2.W 0.45 ρ−0.32
W = massa (1000lb/jam) = 0.010782 cfs
Di = 0.941819 in
OD = 1.32 in = 0.11 ft
ID = 1.049 in = 0.087417 ft
A= 0.864 in2 = 0.006 ft2
Rumus :

v = W/ ( r .A)
v= 6469.306 ft/jam
= 1.79703 fts

P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g
+ + ( z 2− z1 ) + ∑ F=−W s
ρ 2 α gc gc
Menghitung ∑F :
Nre = ρ. D .V
μ
Nre = 148327.54
v= 1.953679 fps = 7033.245 ft/jam
Nre = 161257.47
v= 0.622345 fps = 2240.441 ft/jam
Nre = 51368.578

e /D = 0.0017264
Ff = 4 f .Lv 2
D .2. g c

Dari fig.2.10-3.Geankoplis f= 0.0052
L = 65.616 ft
L = 49.212 ft
Untuk perpipaan destilat : f= 0.0062
L = 100 ft

Kc = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Kc = 0.55
2
hc = Kcv
2 . gc
= 0.0276018 lbf.ft/lbm
Globe Valve,Half openKf = 9.5 jumlah 1
Tee Kf = 1 jumlah 1
Kf total = 21
2
KFv
hF 
2.g c
Ke = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Ke = 0.55
2
k v
h E= E
2. gc
Maka power pompa =
(power) (rate massa) 19.540018 lbf.ft/s
0.0355273 Hp
Rate liquida 4.839688 gpm
Effisiensi power 20% (fig.3.3-2.Geankoplis)
Power pompa 0.2 Hp (fig.3.3-2.Geankoplis)
Effisiensi motor 78%
Power motor 0.21 Hp
Digunakan motor dengan daya 0.5 Hp
Bottom steam Beda
Rate massa (lb/jam) 8133.8093 615.6301
T masuk (oF) 164.12 324.1 159.98
T keluar (oF) 165.47 324.1 158.63

Neraca panas :
Fluida panas, steam p Q = 549349.3 Btu/j
W = 615.6301 lb/j
Fluida dingin larutan Q = 131272.9 Btu/j
bottom vaporizing W = 8133.809 lb/j
Δt 2 −Δt 1 = 159.304 oF
ΔT LMTD= ¿
ln Δt 2 / Δt 1 ¿

(T1-t1) = 159.98 oF
(T 1 −T 2 ) 0
R= =
(t 2 −t 1 )
(t 2−t 1 ) 0.008439
S= =
(T 1 −t 1 )
Tc trata-rata = 324.1 oF
Penentuan UD
Tabel 8,Kern ; UD = 6-60
Asumsi UD 50
Q = 16.4808
A=
U D . Δt

dari tabel 10 Kern, dipilih : 3/4 in OD 14 BWG
ID = 0.652 in OD = 1.5
at = 0.584 in2
L.ao .
= 11 buah
ID shell = 8
Nt = 18
n = 8
A. Δt
* Asumsi ho = 300 4..

at = Nt . at
tw = 191.3458 F = 0.009125 ft2
tw - tc = 26.55083
Dari fig 15.11 hv >>> 300 Gt = W
ho =hv = 300
aT
= 67466.31 lb/j ft2
6. m= 0.015 lb/j ft
ID = 0.584 in
= 0.048667 ft
NRet = ID.Gt
μ
= 218890.7
hio condensing steam 1500

Check untuk flux maksimum Btu/j.ft
*Heat flux :
Pressure Drop
4 . flow area 1.Untuk Ret = 218890.7

De=
flow area (p /8)x(IDs2-do2 Nt) (fig 26)
9.22375 in2 s = 0.0034
0.064054 sqft Pt = 2
f .Gt . L.n
wp =( p/2)x(Ids+Nt.do)+IDs 2 x5.22 .1010 . De. S .φ
62.95 in Pt = 0.226568
5.245833 ft V2/2g' = 0.0005 (fig 27)
De = 0.048842 ft Pr = 4n/s.V2/2g' = 4.705882
6963.878 = 4.932451 psi
m = 0.629
De .Gs
N Re=
μ
Res = 540.7432
f = 0.0033 (fig.29.Kern)
* r uap,out = 0.0388
r liq, out = 54.8
s mix,out = 0.00039
s mix,in = 0.8776
s ave = 0.439
2
3'. Ps = f . Gs . L
5 . 22 .1010 De . S . φ
Ps = 0.001144 psi

Uc = ho . hio
ho+hio
1500 Btu/hr.ft2oF
Rd = U c−U D
U c UD
= 0.033637 (memenuhi)
38. PENDINGIN PRODUK (E-156)
Produk Air
pendingin Beda
Rate massa (lb/jam) 8133.81 18804.46
T masuk (oF) 164.12 86 78.12
T keluar (oF) 95 113 18
Digunakan HE type Shell and Tube

Neraca panas :
Fluida panas, Uap distilat Q = 120654 Btu/j
W = 8133.81 lb/j
Fluida dingin, Air pending Q = 768532 Btu/j
W = 18804.46 lb/j
Δt 2 −Δt 1 = 40.95718 oF
ΔT LMTD= ¿
ln Δt 2 / Δt 1 ¿
2.Dicoba pakai S&T 2-4 HE; Ft 0.93 (Dari fig.19)

(T1-t1) = 78.12 oF
(T 1 −T 2 ) 2.56
R= =
(t 2 −t 1 )
(t 2−t 1 ) 0.345622
S= =
(T 1 −t 1 )
Tc Trata-rata = 129.56 oF
Trial, Split Flow
Asumsi UD = 80 (Tabel 8 Kern)

Q = 252.2079
A=
U D . Δt

Picth 1 7/8 in triangular pitch
ID = 0.584 in OD = 0.75
at = 0.268 in2
L.ao . 161 buah
ID shell = 31
Nt = 165
n = 6
A. Δt

4'. Flow area 4..
as = ID s C ' . B 144 . n
144 . PT
= 0.051181 ft2
= 0.215278 ft2
Gs = W Gt = W
as aT
= 37782.86 lb/j ft2 = 367414.2 lb/j ft2
6'. Pd tc = 129.56 oF 6. m= 1.7 lb/j ft
m= 0.8335 lb/j ft ID = 0.584 in
De 1.08 in (fig28) = 0.048667 ft
0.09 ft
De .Gs NRet = ID.Gt
N Re=
μ μ
4079.733 = 10518.13
7' jH = 32 (fig.28.Kern)
k = 0.089 V = Gt/3600r
k.(cm/k)1/3 = 0.1876 1.632952
hi 460 (fig.25)
fs = 1 hio = hi.ID/OD= 358.1867
ho = jH.k(cm/k)1/3/De Btu/j.ft2.oF
= 66.70222 Btu/j.ft2.oF
Pressure Drop

f = 0.0025 ft2/in2 f = 0.0003 ft2/in2
(fig.29) (fig 26)
= 12 Pt = 2
f . Gt . L. n
= 12 5 . 22 .1010 . De. S . φ
s = 0.902 Pt = 0.255065
Ds = 2.583333 ft V2/2g' = 0.012 (fig 27)
3'. Ps = 2
f . Gs . Ds.( N +1 ) Pr = 4n/s.V2/2g' = 0.0009
2 . 5 .22 . 1010 De . S . φ Pt tot = Pt + Pr =
Ps = 0.003133 psi = 0.255965 psi

Uc = ho . hio
ho+hio
358.1867 Btu/hr.ft2oF
Rd = U c−U D
U c UD
= 0.010051 (memenuhi)

Asam asetat 60 0 0 63.62 0.46
Etanol 46 4.678068 0.00127 44.45 0.48
Etil asetat 88 3530.902 0.95676 53.45 0.27
Asam sulfat 98 0 0 118.5 3
Air 18 154.896 0.04197 60.94 0.38
Total 3690.4761
1
r campuran =  x
−1
xii  m campuran = 33
1/ 3 
[∑
 i ]
ρ ii 
 
dan
∑
(
 ii i ) 

= 8.136024 klb/jam
Bagian suction :
tinggi(Z) 0m = 0 ft
panjang(L) 100 m = 328.08 ft
Dipasang 7 buah elbowdan
90o1 buah globe valve dan sebuah Tee
Bagian discharge
tinggi(Z) 25 m = 82.02 ft
panjang(L) 300 m = 984.24 ft

Rumus :
0.45 −0.32
Di = 2.2.W
2.2.W 0 .45 ρρ−0.32
Di = 1.579363 in
OD = 2.38 in = 0.198333 ft
ID = 2.067 in = 0.17225 ft
A= 3.35 in2 = 0.023264 ft2
Rumus :

v = W/ ( r .A)
v= 6511.005 ft/jam
= 1.808612 fts

P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g
+ + ( z 2− z1 ) + ∑ F=−W s
ρ 2 α gc gc
P 2−P 1 1 v 22 −v 21 g
+ + ( z 2− z1 ) + ∑ F=−W s
ρ 2 α gc gc
Menghitung ∑F :
Nre = ρ. D.V
μ
Nre = 90770.07
e /D = 0.000876
Ff = 4 f .Lv 2
D .2. g c

Kc = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Kc = 0.55
2
hc = Kcv
2. gc
= 0.015459 lbf.ft/lbm

Tee Kf = 1 jumlah 1
Kf total = 21
2
KFv
hF 
2. g c
K F v2
hF 
2. g c
Ke = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Ke = 0.55
k E v2
h E= hE =
Maka power pompa =
0.377142 Hp
Power pompa 2 Hp (fig.3.3-2.Geankoplis)
Power motor 2.3 Hp
Digunakan motor dengan daya 2.5 Hp
40.POMPA PREHEATER KOLOM DISTILASI 3 (L-159)

Asam asetat 60 0 0 63.62 0.48
Etanol 46 93.56137 0.00687 48.67 0.9
Etil asetat 88 4350.604 0.31931 56.25 0.41
Asam sulfat 98 0 0 118.5 3.2
Air 18 9180.68 0.67382 62.4 0.76
Total 13624.845
1
r campuran =  x
x 
−1
m campuran = 33

[∑
 i ]
 ρii 
ii 
dan
  xxiiμii1 /3 
(∑
 ii
1/ 3
 )

= 30.03733 klb/jam
Bagian suction :
tinggi(Z) 0m = 0 ft
panjang(L) 50 m = 164.04 ft
Bagian discharge
tinggi(Z) 15 m = 49.212 ft
panjang(L) 70 m = 229.656 ft
Dipasang 7 buah elbow 90o dan sebuah Tee

Rumus :
0.45 −0.32
Di = 2.2.W
2.2.W ρρ
0 .45 −0.32
Di = 2.741197 in
Diambil ukuran pipa : 3in sch 40
OD = 3.5 in = 0.291667 ft
ID = 3.068 in = 0.255667 ft
A= 7.38 in2 = 0.05125 ft2
Rumus :

v = W/ ( r .A)
v= 9738.642 ft/jam
= 2.705178 fts

2 2
P 2−P 1 1 v 2 −v 1 g
+ + ( z 2− z1 ) + ∑ F=−W s
ρ 2 α gc gc
Menghitung ∑F :
Nre = ρ. D.V
μ
Nre = 97807.15
e /D = 0.00059
2
Ff = 4 f .Lv
D .2. g c

Kc = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Kc = 0.55
2
hc = Kcv
2. gc
= 0.023122 lbf.ft/lbm
3. Kehilangan karena pressur drop pada preheater 3
Pheater/shell = 10 psia = 27.29 lbf.ft/kbm
4.Kehilangan karena adanya belokan dan fitting. Dari tab.2.10-1.Geankoplis
Tee Kf = 1 jumlah 1
Kf total = 30.5
2
KFv
hF 
2. g c
Ke = 0.55(1 - A2/A1)
Ke = 0.55
2
kE v
h E= hE =
Maka power pompa =
0.80926 Hp
Power pompa 5.6 Hp (fig.3.3-2.Geankoplis)
Power motor 6.9 Hp
Digunakan motor dengan daya 7 Hp
43.STORAGE PRODUK

Ethyl acetat 88 3530.902 0.95676 56.25 0.017009
Ethanol 60 4.678068 0.001268 48.67 2.604E-05
Air 18 154.896 0.041972 62.4 0.0006726
Total 3690.4761 0.0177077

Rate massa = 3690.476 kg/jam 8136.024 lb/jam
Vol liquida dalam tiap storage = 8136 . 024 x 30 x 24 x 3
56 . 47246 x 3
= 103731 ft3
= 129663.6 ft3
Ditetapkan H/D =1
Maka : V=(1/4)* pD3
Standarisasi : D 60 ft
H tangki= 60 ft
Digunakan plate dengan lebar standar = 96" 8 ft

Jumlah courses = 7.5 buah = 8

Stress yang diijinkan, f allowable 17000 psi
Effisiensi pengelasan, E 0.85
Faktor korosi, C 0.125"
p= r ( H−1 ) persamaan 3.17 Brownell&Young

144

maka p = 23.13802 psi

144 .2. f . E
t = 0.0099555 (H-1) + 1/8
Courses 1=0.0099555 (60-1) + 1/8 Courses6= 0.0099555 (20-1) 1/8
0.456933 in = 1/5" = 0.231894 in
Courses 2=0.0099555 (52-1) + 1/8 = 1/4"
0.411925 in = 1/5" Courses7= 0.0099555 (12-1) 1/8
Courses 3=0.0099555 (44-1) + 1/8 = 0.186886 in
0.366918 in = 3/8" = 3/16"
Courses 4=0.0099555 (36-1) + 1/8 Courses8= 0.0099555 (4-1) 1/8
0.32191 in = 3/8" = 0.141878 in
Courses 5=0.0099555 (28-1) + 1/8 = 3/16"
0.276902 in = 5/16"

th = 3/8"
430.t
sin q = 0.372
q= 21.839
2.f . E .sin θ = 32.65 lb/ft2
maka :
th min 0.182219
th min 3/16"

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APPENDIKS A

PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA

Kapasitas Produksi = 31000 ton/tahun

Produk atas adalah ternary azeotrop dengan komposisi sbb :

Recovery ethanol sebagai distilat = 95 % (ditetapkan) = 0.95

Neraca Massa Total

Neraca Massa Komponen Ethyl acetate

Neraca Massa Komponen Ethanol

Produk bawah, B3 = 3690.476 kg

Neraca Massa Total Kolom Distilasi 3

Aliran D2 dan D3 adalah ternary azeotrop yang mempunyai komposisi sbb :

Garis W - (D2 + D3) memotong garis L - F3 di S dengan komposisi :

Ethanol : % (fraksi berat) = (0.02 * F3 + 0.045 * L) /

Neraca Massa di Mixer

III. Neraca Massa Kolom Distilasi 2

Neraca massa total :

Neraca massa total Tangki Akumulator 2 :

Neraca massa total Kolom Distilasi 2 :

V. Neraca Massa Sistem Overall

Fresh feed : H2O Produk :

H2SO4 Produk bawah

Perbandingan mol bahan baku menurut Faith and Keyes sbb :

CH3COOC2H5 di B1 + CH3COOC2H5 produk = 3534.4365 kg/jam

Kandungan air dalam fresh feed :

Neraca massa sistem Overall

VI. Neraca Massa Reaktor Esterifikasi

Fresh feed : Feed kolom distilasi 1 :

Konversi reaktor = 67% = 0.67

VII. Neraca Massa Kolom Distilasi I

III.1. Reaktor Esterifikasi

Masuk (Kg/jam) Keluar (Kg/jam)

Aliran feed : Aliran R :

C2H5OH 2063.077 CH3COOC2H5 2368.072

H2O 133.9745 C2H5OH 825.2214

CH3COOH 2409.843 H2O 618.353

H2SO4 25.19089 CH3COOH 795.2482

Jumlah 4632.0854 4632.0855

III.2. Kolom Distilasi

III.2.1. Tangki Akumulator 1

Masuk (Kg/jam) Keluar (Kg/jam)

CH3COOC2H5 2368.072 CH3COOC2H5 4849.722

H2O 618.353 H2O 12162.873

H2SO4 25.19089 H2SO4 25.19089

Jumlah 39697.505 Jumlah 39697.51

Masuk (Kg/jam) Keluar (Kg/jam)

C2H5OH 21864.308 C2H5OH 21043.93

H2O 12162.873 H2O 3006.28

CH3COOH 795.2482 Aliran B1 :

H2SO4 25.19089 CH3COOC2H5 3.53443

Jumlah 39697.342 Jumlah 39697.34

III.3. Kolom Distilasi 2

CH3COOC2H5 6012.55 CH3COOC2H5 6720.21

C2H5OH 21043.93 C2H5OH 21498.85

H2O 3006.28 H2O 11953.05

Jumlah 40172.11 Jumlah 40172.11

Masuk (Kg/jam) Keluar (Kg/jam)

CH3COOC2H5 6720.21 CH3COOC2H5 4238.56

C2H5OH 21498.85 C2H5OH 459.6

H2O 11953.05 H2O 408.54

Jumlah 40172.11 Jumlah 40172.11

Masuk (Kg/jam) Keluar (Kg/jam)

CH3COOC2H5 4238.56 CH3COOC2H5 5058.26

H2O 408.54 H2O 9180.68