(DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT)
MATA KULIAH : ANALISIS CEKUNGAN
GEOLOGI PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK
GEOLOGI UNIVERSITAS SYIAH
KUALA
2021
DEFINISI
Lingkungan pengendapan adalah tempat mengendapnya
material sedimen beserta kondisifisik, kimia, dan biologi yang
mencirikan terjadinya mekanisme pengendapan tertentu
(Gould, 1972).
. ·.: . . .
aeolian .. . . .. . .:
.: . . . . .
.. . :
• • • : ; :•, • I
sands : : "
Continental environments.
river and
floodplain
delta
lake
shelf
.
Coastal and shallow manne environments
\'-..... .· -
submarine fan -
.-
epicontinental sea
······_· - - \ ~ -
Deep ~ ~ - -----
marine environments~ '\, \ <,
Gary Nichols, 2009 ·. ocean basin floor
Depositional Environments
itional
Tidal
environments
flat Barter
Quartz arenite
I PALUDAL
I
Tenioenous or
I
[ Composition Tenioenous. carbonate. or Terrigenous
I
ALLUVIAL FLUVIAL (SWAMP)
11 evaporite evaporite
1c ~
LACUSTRINE FAN (RIVER)
(LAKE)
Black, brown, gray, green, Yellow, red, tan, Slack, gray, or brown
I red white
[GrMISize 11 Oay to gravel aay, silt, sand, gravel day to silt or sand Sand aay to silt
I
(Fining upward} (Coarsening upward}
[Grain~ JI Angular
Tenigenous
( Rounded to angular I --- I Rounded, polished 1---
I I
Tenigenous
I I I
I
Sortlo19 Poor Variable Variable Good Variable
1 11 .ic
Brown or red
Cross-
Brown or red
Asymmetrical ripples, Symmetrical ripples, Cross-bedding Laminated to massive
Sed--, bedding aoss-bedding, graded lamination, aoss-bedding,
structures and graded bedding, tool marks graded bedding,
bedding mudaacks, raindrop prints
o.gank:or --- Tracks, trails, burrows Tracks, trails, burrows, rare Tracks, trails Root marks, burrows
lliogenic stromatolites
Sedimentarv
structures
Composition Terriqenous
u5 I
en t
z s 110 FAN-DELTA
:..~:.., :I:
0
cc <
CX
Color Brrn,,n or red enl
z 120
s
w
w
a. 124.0
...J :J
-
Grain Size day to 1gravel 130
Sorting Poor I I-
z
- 'I ::,
(.)
.Q
V> ALLUVIAL FAN
Inorganic CriDS§- u5
.. .. ;::, 150
(/J
( U
-c ...,
Sedinientary bed oli111g and cc: ~
structures 1g1aded ... . -c:
~
,
cc 160
bed ol1i111g w t
-
~ ~
...J
Organicor ---
170
Biogenic ~
Sedinientarv
I
structures
Fossils
--- I cl si f m c cgl
6206/02-U-03
FLUVIAL
(RIVER) Description
. Flood pL..in c;lays
Rock Type with mudcrM:b
and root traces.
Congh>merat Coals may fcwm
here.
e, sandstone, Crou·bedded
siltstone, ,
sands (small
pl&oar and trough)
arc crevasse
llood
splay dq>c>JiLS.
4. Fine sands to
fihs: c;limbi113
Composit Ten-i gienous ripples
common.
oi n Some root tl'a(CS.
r .M ,um co
t.nc san ;
small ,rough
!Brown or red cress beds;
ri led
Color surface.
. Coarse to medium sand
with
Clavi silt, sand, l1'1l,e trough cross beds
AND/OR
Grain Size g1ravel bis)l vcloc:ity
11.mioatioos
(Fin11ng upward)
r I. !Ag sra,·cls (,n
mud pebbles from
Grain Rounded to
-
$upping hllnkJ) co
medium sand ever
Shape allilgula r an erosional base.
~ r1 Cha.noel erodes
lltcl'811y by
I
undenninin
banks.
Inorganic
.A£ym metrical rip pl es,
Sedinientary
cr1oss-becldiingii. 1gra ded
OESIS 200 i THE ANASTOMOSING RIVER
structures
lbecldillilg, tool mark, An431omos.edfluvial $)'$tems have S
- - rac;icsassoc:11.1ioo.ssimilar to tbMe
of meandering sym,ms ( active channel,
abl\l>Cloned channel O\'crbank, splay)
Organic or Tracks, trails, 001 in difTtt"t,Rt proponions
b urrows and with difTtttnt acome1n;i·~es..~~:Vi.......- ~
Biogenic
P!lrtid~ are I'aructes arc mid- l';trl1clc~ .ut· sin11l urul
Sedinientarv lvg<' mul sized spherical,
1Y.:-trl)·
structures ilTcg,.il=, aod ..nt1 of mrcrmedlate cmd con:~~le, 3
mllioly nf::)tl,.c
oon!-'ld ul a. ~plltricil}, ,md
n11...t rci.1,ta11l
varicl)I of iudude litholni;lc~. 2
hthol("<;it..;, n:::n11.111c and
Fossils Rare induilb1,i the oonn.,.i,L:1111 ~tch 35 qusrra,
freshwater she! Is, least lhhol()ftic..,
Je51S1""' LEGEND
bones, plant frag1ments
r •
•clay
Pc.r1 Elli Sand
tel Bedrock
Erosional
m?SSilty Clay and Sandy Clay Channel
ACUSTRINE
L
(LAKE}
Rock Type Siltstone, shale, linn eston e,
or eveporites {gytl)su m)
Fluid flow
through barrier
Con1positio Terriqenous, carbonate, or Laminated Evaporites
n eveporite
Color Black, brown, gray, g1reen1
red Evaporite
Grain Shape
Sorting I variable
I
Inorganic Symnne~1ical ri pples,
Sedin1entary lamination, cross-bed diing1.
strudures gm-:adecl beddine,
rnudcraeks, raindrop prints
. ....... ., ' '
Organic or Tracks, trails, burrows, rare ''"" .... ",..,-;-, "":""' . ~ ""' '
Grain Size
II Sand
Grain Shape Rounded, polish e
dl
Sorting
;=;;.... ---~-
II Good
Inorganic a-oss-bedld in g
Sedinientary
strudures
Fossils
Glacial
All sediments deposited in
glacial environments are
collectively called drift
OUTWASH
TILL
Lingkungan Pengendapan Transisi
Lingkungan Pengendapan Transisi
A lagoonal succession is
typically mudstone, often
organic-rich, with thin,
waverippled sand beds.
Tidal Flat
goon
La
Color
red
Brown, black, gray, green, I
White to tan Dark gray to black, brown I Gray, brown, tan I
O.V-or Trails, burrows Tracks, trails, burrows Trails, burrows Stromatolites, trails, tracks,
Blogenlc burrows
Sedlm8d-,
Structures
Fossils
I Plant fragmentc, shells I Marine shells I Marine shells Marine shells
I DELTA
Rock Type Sandstone, si NORTHEASTERN
ltstone, NILE DELTA
shale, ooal COMPOSITE
STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN
1,,f<\'I
<'es!>
,c.v. Environment
Unit """ Lithology
';ii{:)
• ··. 'I, •
2-10
e
d
:
...
0
e,
- ..
C>
0
C>
z
Grain Size
Sedimentary
(Coarn.ening
day to. send ,
bedding
l -
c:
structures u 411
0
II
; a:
[
)
Fossils Plant fra g ments, sh ells
Beach Dune Ridges
De
lta-
4
3 Fr
ont
Prodelta
1-24
5m
5m
5m
25
20
15
5m
10
25
20
15
5m
10
25
20
15
5m
10
25
20
15
5m
10
Compositoi n revaporite
Terriaerous, carbonate, or
Grain Shape
C
Lateral Accretion
B2
B1
B1 = Sand Flat
B2 = Mud Flat
C = Tidal Channel
TIDAL FLAT (MIXED FLAT)
SANDY FLAT
MUD FLAT
TIDAL CHANNEL
Herringbone Cross Bedding
[ BARRIER BEACH
.
r.rcn:StlVCiMOM~OIWC) •
: . .
o-.ttn en -.tOCCl
•• ..
Color White to tan ._, ~ _;.~~
O.l1E
. ""' -),
. 15
~
-.
;,,;.~'
- IIAC-.!\t
,;
., ..
tOn£
I(
~ ,,
• l'Ofll.~I'~·
' •
........ •v iii ,MC"IER
\ C11,....,1
[ Grain Shape Rounded to angular • e T 11.W. , ...u •
1 •w
·-·
.... A.COO l :• ... Olll•
•
)
~ Cf.!f'C!otl•(
~
~ Pl,UIAI ¢a¢,S Eao,fS
"11.lt:l.~llll C\.11,.
ft.S}t.J
Biogenic
Sedimentary
structures
"-LO'lt\_'horefoce
shett lronsition-
-i,\11e1 '
H11T1mocky
eross-
'
strotificolion
i _:.;.,r,
Outer shelf-b oMbated e-
,wdstone
Lingkungan Pengendapan Laut
Lingkungan Pengendapan Laut
I I REEF
I CONTINENTAL SHELF
I
CONTINENTAL SLOPE ANO ABYSSAL PLAIN
Rock Type Fossilife,ous Sandstone. shale, l.itha,·enite, siltstone. and shale Shale, chert. miaite, chalk.
limestone siltstone, fossiliferous (01· limestone) diatomite
limestone, oolitic
limestone
- -
Terri9enous or carbonate Tenigenous or carbonate Terrigenous or carbonate
I
Con1position carbonate
I Color
I Gray to white Gray, brown, tan, green Gray, green, brown Black, white red
I
I
Marine sh4'11s, sharks Marine ohell!'J, rsre plant Marine shells (mostly
Fossils Corals, marine shells teeth fragments microscopic)
A-2 CARBONATE
Containscarbonate mud Lacks t
I mud o
(clay I fine sllt) and g
ls e
t
h Organic.
e Reef
r
d
u
r
i 8foherm
n
g
g deposition
I Mud supported r
Rock Type Foosi Ii Grain a '' Gray Niaga,-on ''
it--------,------t i
ferou supported n , Rugo se c oeat _R Algol stromatoJite @ Algal~tlat pebble
Com
position 'I
carbonate
I 1~
I
I
Gray to white
I Color
I
C::,,.
Orachiopods
@ Cemof
~
algal
Coenitcs
1t 1
::::::::=:: Large
stromat
1
~ Stromatoporoid
Grain I
ds olitt:
Size Varieble,
frameworks,
few to no g1'ains. I
I
FIG. 5-Correlalion of Nia.garan pinnacle-reef units and Salinan units. Dashed
line in supratidaJ-island section rcprcscn
I
I
ts diastcmic contact.
~
Grain Shape
I Reef front
Lagoon
Inore
a111ic
Sedi ore reef
Baffles
ment F oats
talus
ary
Struct
ures
Organic or t Paci
Bioqenic o <st
F on
n
e
Sedimentary e an
Structures B1ndst l d
one tone wa
Rudston Frames ci<
Fossils Corals, marine shells. e and tone est
grain on
stone e
Ru
d
st
o
n
e
a
n
d
gr
a1n
st
on
e
CONTINENTAL SHELF
.
I Grain Shape
E
I Sorting IPoor to good INNER SHELF
I Grain Shape
I Sorting Good
Inoraanic Lamination
Sedimentary
Structures
~..:-:: -
Organic or
Bioqenic
Sedimentary
Structures
Trails, burrows
40g
§!
==--=-
.
·.
•
Fossils Marine shells (mostly
miaoscopic)
!ii
0
-
--- .. ..
.
SEKIAN DAN TERIMA KASIH