NUR MAHMUDAH
BAGIAN HISTOLOGI FK UMS
• Sistem yang paling kompleks di dalam tubuh
PENGANTAR
• Fungsi: membangkitkan potensial aksi (impuls saraf) untuk mengatur
aktivitas tubuh, mendeteksi perubahan dalam tubuh dan lingkungan,
melakukan interpretasi terhadap perubahan tersebut dan merespon
dengan menyebabkan kontraksi otot atau sekresi kelenjar.
• Berasal dari ektoderm embrional
• Lebih dari 100 juta neuron pada manusia, sedangkan jumlah neuroglia
lebih banyak lagi.
• Setiap neuron rata-rata memiliki 1000 hubungan dengan neuron lain.
• Secara struktural jaringan saraf tdr dr 2 jenis sel :
1. Sel saraf (neuron)memiliki banyak cabang panjang
2. Sel penyokong (glia)memiliki cabang2 pendek, menyangga,
melindungi, ikut serta dalam aktivitas saraf, nutrisi saraf, dan proses
pertahanan susunan saraf pusat.
NEURON
•
NEURON
cell bodies range in diameter from 5-
135 µm
• Tdr dr 3 bagian :
1. Dendritcabang panjang khusus
menerima stimulus dari
lingkungan, sel epitel sensorik,
atau neuron lain.
2. Badan sel atau
perikarionmengatur seluruh
bagian sel saraf dan berfungsi
menerima stimulus.
3. Akson cabang tunggal khusus
menghantarkan impuls saraf ke
sel lain dan menerima informasi
dari neuron lain.
Aksonranting terminalbulbus
akhir (boutons), yg berinteraksi dng
neuron atau sel selain neuron, dan
membentuk struktur yg disebut
sinaps.
BADAN SEL
• Cell body= perikaryon= soma,
contains a nucleus surrounded by
cytoplasm (cellular organelles such
as lysosomes, mitochondria, and a
Golgi complex, free ribosomes and
prominent clusters of rough
endoplasmic reticulum (termed
Nissl bodies), neurofibrils
(intermediate filaments), and
microtubules.
• Many neurons also contain
lipofuscin, a pigment that occurs as
clumps of yellowish brown
granules in the cytoplasm, as a
product of neuronal lysosomes
that accumulates as the neuron
ages, but does not seem to harm
the neuron
DENDRIT
• the receiving or input portions of a neuron.
• short, tapering, and highly branched.
• The cytoplasm contains Nissl bodies, mitochondria, and
other organelles.
AKSON
• Axon ( axis) of a neuron propagates
nerve impulses toward another
neuron, a muscle fiber, or a gland cell.
• An axon is a long, thin, and cylindrical
projection.
• Bagian-bagian akson:
axon hillock ( small hill), a cone-
shaped elevation
trigger zone (nerve impulses arise at
this site).
initial segment.
• An axon contains mitochondria,
microtubules, and neurofibrils.
Because rough endoplasmic reticulum
NEURON
Berdasar peran fungsionalnya :
1. Motorik (eferen), mengendalikan organ
efektor spt serabut otot, kel eksokrin,&
endokrin.
2. Sensorik (aferen) terlibat dlm penerimaan
stimulus sensoris dr lingk & dlm tbh.
3. Interneuron, mengadakan hub antar
neuron,&mbentuk jar fungsional yg
komplek atau sirkuit.
NEURON
• Pembagian neuron berdasar jml cabangnya :
1. multipolar, plg banyak di SSP, mencakup semua neuron
motorik & interneuron
2. bipolar, sel ini lbh sedikit & mrp neuron sensorik murni,
contoh : pd retina mata, pd organ pendengaran &
keseimbangan di telinga dalam, & epitel olfaktorius pd
bag atas hidung.
3. unipolar, dahulu disebut pseudounipolar. Awalnya mrp
neuron bipolar selama mudigah & stl dewasa mjd
unipolar, yg jg bersifat sensorik. Contoh : terdapat di
banyak ganglion sensorik saraf kranialis & spinalis
Multipolar neuron
Bipolar
nerve
Sensory receptor a unipolar neuron
pressure receptor
pain receptor
GAMBAR NEURON
SEL GLIA
• Oligodendrosit, membentuk
selubung mielin (insulator listrik)
neuron di SSP
• Astrosit, sel berbentuk bintang,
bercabang banyak, mengikat neuron
pd kapiler dan pia mater.
• Sel Ependim, sel epitel silindris
rendah, melapisi ventrikel otak dan
kanalis sentralis.
• Sel Schwan, membentuk selubung
mielin di SST.
• Sel satelit, flat cells surround the cell
bodies of neurons of PNS ganglia
(providing structural support,
regulate the exchanges of materials
between neuronal cell bodies and
interstitial fluid).
• Sel Glia berbeda dgn neuron, pd
sediaan histologi, ukuran sel glia
jauh lebih kecil dibanding neuron
dan nukleus sel glia berwarna gelap.
astrosit
• There are two types of astrocytes:
1. Protoplasmic astrocytes have
many short branching processes
and are found in gray matter.
2. Fibrous astrocytes have many
long unbranched processes and
are located mainly in white
matter.
• astrocytes processes make contact
with blood capillaries, neurons,
Function:
and the pia mater. 1. support neurons (microfilaments),
2. blood-brain barrier,
3. Regulate the growth, migration, and
interconnection among neurons in the
brain (embryo)
4. formation of neural synapses (learning
and memory)
5. Chemical homeostasis
SEL EPENDIMAL
mikroglia
Mikroglia, sel kecil memanjang bercabang
pendek tak teratur, merupakan sel fagositik
(remove cellular debris formed during
normal development of the nervous system
and phagocytize microbes and damaged
nervous tissue)
SELUBUNG MIELIN