PPPP Ke 2

PERTEMUAN KE 2
 SIZING
Memilih jenis Penukar Panas yang tepat dan menetapkan
dimensi Penukar Panas, untuk memenuhi persyaratan
beban termal dan penurunan tekanan
 RATING
Menaksir Laju Pertukaran Panas dan Suhu fluida keluar
dari Penukar Panas untuk Laju alir, suhu masuk aliran
fluida yang sudah ditetapkan dan penurunan tekanan yang
diijinkan pada Penukar Panas yang sudah ada.
Batasan  Recuperators dengan 2 Aliran fluida.
Peranc.Peralatan Penukar Pns - 2 1

Budi Utomo K.W. Peranc.Peralatan Penukar Pns - 2 2
FLOW PATH ARRANGEMENT

• Heat exchanger design problem :
 Laju alir massa fluida panas dan dingin.
 Suhu masuk kedua aliran fluida tertentu.
 Target suhu keluar ditetapkan.
  Luas permukaan/Dimensi.
• Heat exchanger performance calculation :

 Laju alir massa fluida panas dan dingin.
 Suhu masuk kedua aliran fluida tertentu.
 Dimensi sudah tertentu.
 Effectiveness dan NTU dihitung
 Suhu keluar kedua aliran fluida terhitung
𝛿𝑞 = 𝑚ሶ 𝑑𝑖
𝛿𝑞 = 𝑈 𝑑𝐴 ∆𝑇
OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT (U)
OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER FOR SINGLE SMOOTH
AND CLEAN PLANEWALL
OVERALL H T COEFFICIENT FOR

UNFINNED & CLEAN TUBULAR H E

Asumsi:
1. HX terinsulasi
2. Sifat fluida & U konstan
3. DEK & DEP diabaikan
4. Konduksi aksial sepanjang tabung diabaikan

𝑚ሶ ℎ 𝑐𝑝,ℎ ሶ = 𝐶ℎ dan 𝑚ሶ 𝑐 𝑐𝑝,𝑐 = 𝐶𝑐  Kapasitas panas aliran fluida
panas (hot) dan kapasitas panas aliran fluida dingin (cold), :
Beda suhu antara Aliran Fluida Panas dan Fluida Dingin D T = (Th-Tc) pada
koordinat yang sama umumnya berubah sepanjang lintasan. diperlukan nilai
rerata  D Tlm  Logritmic mean temperature difference

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
• For tubular heat exchangers we must take into account the conduction
resistance in the wall and convection resistances of the fluids at the
inner and outer tube surfaces.
1 1 ln( Do / Di ) 1
  
UA hi Ai 2kL ho Ao
Note that:
1 1 1 where inner tube surface Ai  Di L
 
UA U i Ai U o Ao outer tube surface Ao  Do L
Fouling
• Heat exchanger surfaces are subject to fouling by fluid impurities,
rust formation, or other reactions between the fluid and the wall
material. The subsequent deposition of a film or scale on the
surface can greatly increase the resistance to heat transfer
between the fluids.
• An additional thermal resistance, can be introduced: The Fouling
factor, Rf.
 Depends on operating temperature, fluid velocity and length of
service of heat exchanger. It is variable during heat exchanger
operation.
 Typical values in Table 11.1.
• The overall heat transfer coefficient can be written:
1 1 R"f ,i
ln( Do / Di ) 1 R"f ,o
    
UA hi Ai Ai 2kL Ao ho Ao

Fin (extended surface) effects
• Fins reduce the resistance to convection heat transfer, by
increasing surface area.
• Expression for overall heat transfer coefficient includes overall
surface efficiency, or temperature effectiveness, ho, of the finned
surface, which depends on the type of fin
1 1 1
  
UA U c Ac U h Ah
" "
1 R f ,c 1 R f ,h
   Rconduction  
(ho hA) c (ho A) c (ho A) h (ho hA) h
where c is for cold and h for hot fluids respectively

DT lm: 1. Parallel-Flow Heat Exchangers
DT1 DT2 q  UA DTlm

DT2  DT1
DTlm 
ln( DT2 / DT1 )
where
DT1  Th,i  Tc,i

DT2  Th,o  Tc,o

DT lm: 2. Counter-Flow Heat Exchangers
DT1 DT2 q  UA DTlm
DT2  DT1
DTlm 
ln( DT2 / DT1 )
where
DT1  Th,i  Tc,o

DT2  Th,o  Tc,i

Example 1
A counter-flow, concentric tube heat exchanger is used to cool the
lubricating oil for a large industrial gas turbine engine. The flow rate of
cooling water through the inner tube (Di=25 mm) is 0.2 kg/s, while the
flow rate of oil through the outer annulus (Do=45 mm) is 0.1 kg/s. The
oil and water enter at temperatures of 100 and 30°C respectively. How
long must the tube be made if the outlet temperature of the oil is to be
60°C?

Special Operating Conditions
Condenser: Evaporator/boiler: Equal heat

Hot fluid is Cold fluid is capacity rates
condensing vapor evaporating liquid Ch = Cc
DT1 = DT2 = DTlm
Multipass and Cross-Flow Heat Exchangers
To account for complex flow conditions in multipass, shell and tube
and cross-flow heat exchangers, the log-mean temperature
difference can be modified:
DTlm  FDTlm,CF DT1  Th,i  Tc,o F = correction factor
DT2  Th,o  Tc,i

Example 2
A shell-and-tube heat exchanger must be designed to heat 2.5 kg/s of water
from 15 to 85°C. The heating is to be accomplished by passing hot engine
oil, which is available at 160°C, through the shell side of the exchanger. The
oil is known to provide an average convection coefficient of h o=400 W/m 2.K
on the outside of the tubes. Ten tubes pass the water through the shell.
Each tube is thin walled, of diameter D=25 mm, and makes eight passes
through the shell. If the oil leaves the exchanger at 100°C, what is the flow
rate? How long must the tubes be to accomplish the desired heating?

RATING: e - NTU

Arbitrary variations of U  HX divided into many segments
of different value of U  best performed by numerical or
finite-difference methods.
Eric M. Smith, “Thermal Design of Heat Exchangers – A

Numerical Approach Direct Sizing and Stepwise
Rating”, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
DAi must be small enough

TUGAS 1
Masuk ke dalam situs
Lauterbach Verfahrenstechnik - Software & Engineering
www.lv-soft.com
Unduh 1 contoh perangkat lunak merancang penukar panas dan
mendemonstrasikan mulai dari data awal hingga hasil akhir berupa
data sheet lengkap.


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PERTEMUAN KE 2

Batasan  Recuperators dengan 2 Aliran fluida.

Peranc.Peralatan Penukar Pns - 2 1

Peranc.Peralatan Penukar Pns - 2 3

• Heat exchanger performance calculation :

OVERALL H T COEFFICIENT FOR

Peranc.Peralatan Penukar Pns - 2 9

Peranc.Peralatan Penukar Pns - 2 11

Peranc.Peralatan Penukar Pns - 2 12

Peranc.Peralatan Penukar Pns - 2 14

Peranc.Peralatan Penukar Pns - 2 16

DT1 DT2 q  UA DTlm

DT1  Th,i  Tc,i

Peranc.Peralatan Penukar Pns - 2 17

DT1 DT2 q  UA DTlm

DT1  Th,i  Tc,o

Peranc.Peralatan Penukar Pns - 2 18

Peranc.Peralatan Penukar Pns - 2 19

Condenser: Evaporator/boiler: Equal heat

DTlm  FDTlm,CF DT1  Th,i  Tc,o F = correction factor

DT2  Th,o  Tc,i

Peranc.Peralatan Penukar Pns - 2 21

Peranc.Peralatan Penukar Pns - 2 29

Peranc.Peralatan Penukar Pns - 2 30

Eric M. Smith, “Thermal Design of Heat Exchangers – A

DAi must be small enough

Peranc.Peralatan Penukar Pns - 2 42

Peranc.Peralatan Penukar Pns - 2 49

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