Ketidakpastian K3
Ketidakpastian K3
KETIDAKPASTIAN PENGUKURAN
KESELAMATAN & KESEHATAN KERJA
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ISO/IEC 17025: 2017 2/29
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KONSEP DASAR 3/29
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KONSEP DASAR 4/29
Pengujian
Ketidakpastian Koreksi
± U95%, k = 2 + δ atau - δ
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KONSEP DASAR 5/29
Kesalahan acak:
disebabkan oleh besaran berpengaruh yang tidak dapat
diramalkan karena bersumber dari variasi bersifat acak dan
berada diluar kendali personil yang melakukan pengukuran
dapat dikurangi dengan cara memperbanyak jumlah pengulangan
pengukuran
Kesalahan sistematis:
disebabkan oleh besaran berpengaruh yang dapat diamati
terhadap pengukuran dan bersifat konstan sehingga tidak dapat
dikurangi dengan cara memperbanyak pengulangan pengukuran
dapat dikurangi dengan cara faktor koreksi apabila akibat (efek)
kesalahan sistematik cukup berarti bila dibandingkan dengan
akurasi pengukuran
setiap koreksi tidak mungkin tepat maka nilai koreksi juga harus
diperkirakan
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KONSEP DASAR 6/29
x = μ + δ + Є
nilai terukur = nilai benar + kesalahan sistimatika + kesalahan acak
(bias) (presisi)
Hasil X U95%
Jadi, nilai benar tidak ada yang tahu dengan pasti
(yang pasti di dalam ilmu pasti ada ketidakpastian)
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KONSEP DASAR 7/29
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8/29
SUMBER-SUMBER
KETIDAKPASTIAN PENGUJIAN
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9/29
SUMBER-SUMBER
KETIDAKPASTIAN PENGUJIAN
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10/29
SUMBER-SUMBER
KETIDAKPASTIAN PENGUJIAN
Presisi (ESDM)
Standar deviasi
Jumlah pengukuran
Kebisingan
Hasil pengukuran
Ketidakpastian
Nilai Target
Faktor Cakupan
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KLASIFIKASI KOMPONEN KETIDAKPASTIAN PENGUKURAN 11/29
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EVALUASI KETIDAKPASTIAN BAKU TIPE A 12/29
Bottom - up
Alat Gelas:
2
Toleransi sd V .0t.
2 2 2 2
U V . t. 0
u Alatgelas 95% dan u Alatgelas
k 3 3 n 3
Timbangan: 2 2
U U U
uTim bangan 95% 95% 95% 2
k Isi k kosong k
( yi yˆi ) 2 1 1 ( xSampel x )
2
sd
nilai ketidakpastian: u( X sampel) n
sd i 1
( xi x ) 2
b p n
n2
i 1
Dimana
b = slope
sd = standar deviasi residual regresi linear
p = pengulangan pengujian (simplo, duplo, triplo)
n = jumlah deret standar dalam kurva kalibrasi
xsampel = kadar sampel
x = rerata kadar deret standar dalam kurva kalibrasi
xi = kadar deret standar ke-i dalam kurva kalibrasi
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EVALUASI KETIDAKPASTIAN BAKU TIPE A 13/29
Top - Down
Pengulangan pengujian:
n
bias 2
n resolusi
ubias i 1 uresolusi
n 2 3
sd bias
u ESDM u gab uresolusi
2
u 2presisi ubias
2
n u gabbias ubias
2
uESDM
2
uCRM
2
U 95%
k sd presisi
uCRM u presisi
X CRM n
simplo diplo
u presisi
1.128 .x
n
bias 2
n
u gab ukalibrasi
2
u 2presisi ubias
2
ubias i 1
n
U 95%
ukalibrasi
k
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EVALUASI KETIDAKPASTIAN BAKU TIPE B 14/29
Distribusi rectangular
digunakan bila batas dapat ditentukan namun nilai besaran
ukur tampak berada di semua tempat dalam rentang tersebut.
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EVALUASI KETIDAKPASTIAN BAKU TIPE B 15/29
Distribusi tringular
digunakan bila terdapat bukti bahwa nilai yang paling mungkin
adalah nilai yang dekat dengan rerata, lebih dekat dengan batas
rentang, kemungkinannya berkurang menuju nol
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EVALUASI KETIDAKPASTIAN BAKU TIPE B 16/29
Distribusi bentuk-U
Diterapkan apabila sebaran selalu dekat dengan batas
ketidakpastian
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EVALUASI KETIDAKPASTIAN BAKU TIPE B 17/29
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KOEFISIEN SENSITIFITAS 18/29
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KETIDAKPASTIAN BAKU GABUNGAN 19/29
c u u
n n
uc ( y )
2 2
i ( xi ) i( y)
i 1 i 1
f
ci = kefisien sensitifitas, dan ciu( xi ) ui ( y )
xi
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KETIDAKPASTIAN BAKU GABUNGAN 20/29
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DERAJAT KEBEBASAN EFEKTIF 21/29
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KETIDAKPASTIAN BENTANGAN 22/29
(EXPANDED UNCERTAINTY)
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PELAPORAN HASIL 23/29
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EVALUASI HASIL KETIDAKPASTIAN 24/29
COUNCIL REGULATION (European Economic Community, EEC) No 315/93
Kadar Prosen (%) U95% Rentang Kadar yang diterima
100 g/100 g 100% 4% 96 g/100g – 104 g/100g
10 g/100 g 10% 5% 9,5 g/100g – 10.5 g/100g
1 g/100 g 1% 8% 0,92 g/100g – 1,08 g/100g
1 g/kg 0,1% 11% 0,89 g/kg – 1,11 g/kg
100 mg/kg 0,01% 16% 84 mg/kg – 116 mg/kg
10 mg/kg 0,001% 22% 7,8 mg/kg – 12,2 mg/kg
1 mg/kg 0,0001% (ppm) 32% 0,68 mg/kg – 1,32 mg/kg
< 100 µg/kg < 0,00001% 44% 56 µg/kg – 144 µg/kg
Microbiological
Secara umum: % RSU
U 95%
x
2 210,5 logC
Jumlah Log10 U95% Rendah Tinggi Rentang yang diterima
10.000.000 7 ± 0,5 6,5 7,5 3.162.278 31.622.777
1.000.000 6 ± 0,5 5,5 6,5 316.228 3.162.278
100.000 5 ± 0,5 4,5 5,5 31.623 316.2228
10.000 4 ± 0,5 3,5 4,5 3.162 31.623
1.000 3 ± 0,5 2,5 3,5 316 3.162
100 2 ± 0,5 1,5 2,5 32 316
10 1 ± 0,5 0,5 1,5
P 3 32
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EVALUASI HASIL KETIDAKPASTIAN 25/29
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26/29
102
100 ± 2 dB(A)
98 88
86 ± 2 dB(A) 86 Kebisingan
Nilai Waktu paparan 8 jam = 85 dB(A)
ambang batas 84 ± 2 dB(A)
84
82
82
80 ± 2 dB(A)
78
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PELAPORAN HASIL 27/29
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Nilai baku mutu
Nilai ambang batas = hasil pengujian
lingkungan (iv)
= interval ketidakpastian
Keterangan:
(i) = hasil pengujian dengan ketidakpastian bentangan diatas nilai ambang batas
(ii) = hasil pengujian diatas nilai ambang batas tetapi setengah ketidakpastian
bentangan dibawah nilai ambang batas, jadi hasil pengujian menunjukkan
bahwa diatas lebih mungkin daripada dibawah nilai ambang batas
(iii) = hasil pengujian dibawah nilai ambang batas tetapi setengah ketidakpastian
bentangan diatas nilai ambang batas, jadi hasil pengujian menunjukkan
dibawah lebih mungkin daripada diatas nilai ambang batas
(iv) = hasil pengujian dengan ketidakpastian bentangan dibawah nilai ambang batas
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PUSTAKA 28/29
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29/29
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