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Reproduksi Sel

Kelas : XII- IPA


Semester 1

Jois Anna Yolanda, S.Pd

L/O/G/O
Standar Kompetensi
Menjelaskan konsep dasar hereditas, reproduksi sel
dan mutasi serta implikasinya pada salingtemas.

Kompetensi Dasar

Menjelaskan keterkaitan antara proses pembelahan


mitosis dan meiosis dengan pewarisan sifat

L/O/G/O
Indikator

Siswa mampu :

1. menjelaskan proses pembelahan mitosis


2. menjelaskan ciri-ciri dari tahapan pembelahan mitosis
3. menjelaskan proses pembelahan meiosis
4. menjelaskan ciri-ciri dari tahap pembelahan meiosis
5. menganalisis gametogenesis terkait dengan pewarisan sifat
6. mengaitkan proses pembelahan mitosis dan meiosis dengan
pewarisan sifat

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Reproduksi Sel

1. Apakah yang dimaksud dengan reproduksi sel?

2. Apakah tujuan/manfaat reproduksi sel?

3. Dimanakah letak terjadinya reproduksi sel?

4. Ada berapa macam reproduksi sel?

5. Bagaimanakah proses terjadinya reproduksi sel?

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Pengertian Tujuan/man
Reproduksi Sel faat
Reproduksi
sel
Menghasilkan kembali
sel yang sama dengan
induknya ✔ Menjaga eksistensi mahluk hidup di
bumi ini
Membuat duplikat/
replika sesuai dengan ✔ Memperbaiki sel-sel yang telah rusak
induknya
✔ Menambah banyak sel
Peristiwa pembelahan/
regenerasi sel Untuk mengatur dan
menjamin bahwa sel anak
menerima informasi genetik
yang sama persis dengan sel
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Dimanakah letak terjadinya reproduksi
sel?

Sel Tubuh / somatik Sel Kelamin / gametik Contoh


Contoh: kulit, rambut, darah, tulang, dsb :Testis, ovarium

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Reproduksi Sel

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Tabel Perbedaan Amitosis, Mitosis dan Meiosis

Perbedaan Amitosis Mitosis Meiosis

1. Tahapan Spontan Melalui siklus sel Melalui siklus sel


(1 x pembelahan) (2 x pembelahan)

II. Contoh Prokariota, Eukariota Eukariota


(sel bakteri) (sel bawang merah) (sel sperma)

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Amitos
is

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Amitos
is
• 🡪 Pembelahan sel yang tidak melalui urutan tahap-tahap tertentu
(langsung).

• 🡪 Nukleoid langsung membelah menjadi dua lalu didistribusikan


pada sel anak tanpa didahului oleh pembentukan benang spindel,
peleburan membran inti, penampakan kromosom, atau ciri lain

• 🡪 Contoh: pembelahan biner pada prokariotik

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MITOSIS

• tipe pembelahan sel yang mampu menghasilkan


2 sel anakan yang serupa secara genetis.

• Kedua sel anakan yang terbentuk mempunyai


susunan genetika yang sama dengan induknya

• Terdiri atas interfase, kariokinesis, sitokinesis.

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Siklus Sel
Eukariota • Adakah fase
istirahat?

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Siklus Sel
Eukariota

Manakah tahap terpanjang?

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Mitosis
Although mitosis is a continuous process, it is divided into four phases
for ease of understanding. The phases are:

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Interphase, plus the four phases of mitosis, are referred to as the cell
cycle.

The following is a brief synopsis of the events of the four phases of


mitosis (the events of interphase are described above):

Prophase -During prophase, the first phase of mitosis, the chromosomes


condense (shorten) and become visible when stained and viewed under a
microscope.

During the latter part of prophase, the nuclear membrane disappears and
the newly formed spindle fibers attach to a region of the centromere
called the kinetochore.

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PROFASE
1. Nukleolus tidak lagi dapat di indera

2. Benang kromatin - kromatid - kromosom

3. Sentriol bergerak menuju kutub yang


berlawanan

4.Terdapat sentriol di kutub-kutub.


Mikrotubuli🡪aster

5. Membran nukleus mulai menghilang

6. Spindel🡪ke tengah melekat pada sentromer

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Metaphase -During metaphase, the
spindle fibers move the replicated
chromosomes to the middle of
the cell where they line up in single file
along the equatorial plane.

Anaphase -During anaphase, the sister


chromatids are "pulled" apart
(separated) and move toward opposite
poles of the cell. The separated
chromatids are now called daughter
chromosomes.

Telophase -During telophase, the last


phase of mitosis, the spindle apparatus
disappears and nuclei reform around
each set of daughter chromosomes.

Cytokinesis also occurs during


telophase. In animal cells, a cleavage
furrow forms and eventually divides the
cytoplasm in half among the two
daughter cells. In plant cells,

cytokinesis is accomplished with the


formation of the cell plate.

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Kromosom

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Kinetokhor pada Kromosom

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Reproduksi Meiosis
Meiosis 1 Meiosis 2

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Tahapan
Profase 1
Leptoten/Leptonema

Zygoten/Zygonema

Pachiten/Pachinema

Diploten/Diplonema

Diakinesis

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1. Meiosis is used for sexual reproductions. It consists of two
nuclear divisions {meiosis I and meiosis II) and results in the
production of haploid cells called gametes.

2. Because the chromosome number is reduced by one half,


meiosis is sometimes referred to as reduction division.

3. Before meiosis can proceed, however, homologous


chromosomes must first pair together, a process known as
synapsis. This is the time that crossing over can occur.

4.Crossing over results in the exchange of genetic material


between homologous chromatids. As in mitosis, meiosis is a
continuous process.

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Crossing Over

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Meiosis

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Meiosis

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Meiosis

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Tabel Perbandingan Mitosis dan Meiosis

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