Tgl:..........................................
MODUL III:
REAKSI KIMIA : PENGENALAN GUGUS FUNGSI
Uji Tollens
Pereaksi Tollens dibuat dengan mereaksikan larutan perak nitrat dengan
ammonium hidroksida berlebihan. Bila suatu senyawa aldehid ditambahkan pada
pereaksi Tollens dan dipanaskan maka aldehid akan teroksidasi menjadi asam
karboksilat yang segera membentuk garam ammonium. Sedangkan pereaksi
Tollens akan tereduksi sehingga dibebaskan logam perak yang segera melekat
pada dinding tabung reaksi. Reaksinya adalah:
H
Uji Fehling
Pereaksi fehling terdiri atas dua larutan yaitu Fehling A dan Fehling B.
Fehling A terdiri atas larutan cuprisulfat, larutan Fehling B yang terdiri atas
larutan NaOH dan larutan K. Na tartat yang disebut garam Seignette. Bila
larutan Fehling A dan B dicampur dengan volume yang sama maka dihasilkan
larutan yang berwarna biru tua. Bila campuran ini dipanaskan dengan
menambahkan sedikit senyawa aldehid maka akan terjadi endapan Cu2O yang
berwarna antar kuning dan merah bata. Reaksinya adalah :
toc
R-C=O + Cu + NaOH + H2ORCOONa + Cu2O + H+
++
Uji Benedict
Pereaksi benedict terdiri atas larutan tembaga sulfat, natrium karbonat
dan natriumsitrat seperti halnya dengan pereaksi Fehling, maka bila pereaksi
Benedict dipanaskan bersama-sama larutan aldehida akan terjadi oksidasi menjadi
asam karboksilat sedangkan pereaksi Benedict akan mengalami reduksi menjadi
Cu2O yang mengendap pada bagian bawah tabung percobaan.
O O
H+
R1-OH + R2C-OH R2-C-OR + H2O
tc
o
Uji Rothera
Pada uji ini larutan aseton dicampur dengan natrium-nitroprusid atau
Na2Fe(Cn)6NO, ammonium klorida dan ammonia. Setelah beberap terbentuk
warna violet. Intensitas warna tergantung kadar aseton yang dianalisis. Uji
Rotherm adalah uji khusus untuk aseton (propanon, propion, dimethil keton).
Tujuan
Prosedur Kerja
1. Uji Schiff
a. Bahan
Formalin
Glukosa 2%
Reagen Schiff
b. Alat
Tabung Reaksi
Rak tabung reaksi
Pipet tetes
c. Metoda
1. Siapkan 2 tabung reaksi.
2. Isikan 1 ml formalin pada tabung pertama.
3. Isikan 1 ml glukosa pada tabung kedua.
4. Tambahkan masing-masing 1-2 tetes pereaksi Schiff yang telah
disediakan. Kocok dan catat perubahan warna yang terjadi pada tabung
pertama dan kedua.
2. Uji Tollens
a. Bahan
Formalin
Reagen Tollens
b. Alat
Tabung Reaksi
Pipet tetes
Penjepit
Bunsen
c. Metoda
1. Masukkan 1 ml Formalin.
2. Tambahkan 3 tetes reagen Tollens.
3. Panaskan diatas bunsen
4. Dinginkan, amati.
3. Uji Fehling
a. Bahan
Formalin
Fehling A dan Fehling B
b. Alat
Tabung Reaksi
Rak tabung reaksi
Pipet tetes
Penjepit
Bunsen
c. Metoda
1. Siapkan tabung reaksi
2. Masukkan 1 ml formalin.
3. Tambahkan 10 tetes reagen Fehling A dan 10 tetes reagen Fehling B.
4. Panaskan diatas bunsen.
5. Amati perubahan warna yang terjadi.
4. Uji Benedict
a. Bahan
Formalin
Reagen Benedict
b. Alat
Tabung Reaksi
Rak tabung reaksi
Pipet tetes
Penjepit
Bunsen
c. Metoda
1. Siapkan 2 tabung reaksi, beri label.
2. Tabung 1 : Campurkan larutan formalin dengan Benedict dengan
perbandingan 1:1 atau sama banyak (larutan formalin 10 tetes dan reagen
Benedict 10 tetes). Panaskan dengan hati-hati
3. Tabung 2 : masukkan 1 ml formali, tambahkan 2 tetes reagen Benedict,
panaskan dengan hati-hati.
4. Catat perubahan warna yang terjadi.
5. Bandingkan kedua tabung reaksi, bila ada perbedaan, jelaskan dengan
singkat.
Hasil
Hasil yang diperoleh dari praktikum Reaksi Kimia : Pengenalan Gugus
Fungsi adalah sebagai berikut:
Tabel . Hasil Praktikum Reaksi Kimia : Pengenalan Gugus Fungsi
No Uji Prosedur Hasil Percobaan Keterangan
1. Uji Schiff
2. Uji Tollens
4. Uji Benedict
5. Identifikasi
Alkohol Primer
6. Identifikasi
Alkohol Lain
7. Identifikasi
Senyawa Keton
Pembahasan
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Simpulan dan Saran
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Daftar Pustaka
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Nilai Draft :.................................................
Nama dan paraf asisten: ...........................
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