● Vision problems
● Masalah penglihatan
environmental influences on visual wellness include glare, dim lighting, and poor color contrast. Studies
found that poor nutrition increased the risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD)(Montgomery
et al., 2010).
Pengaruh lingkungan pada kesehatan penglihatan termasuk silau, pencahayaan redup, dan kontras
warna yang buruk.
Studi menemukan bahwa gizi buruk meningkatkan risiko degenerasi makula terkait usia (AMD)
(Montgomery et al.,2010).
Next is long-term exposure to UV light (i.e., sunlight) Furthermore, older adults are more vulnerable to
eye damage from sunlight because age-related changes alter the protective response to harmful UV
light.
, paparan jangka panjang terhadap sinar UV (yaitu, sinar matahari) kerusakan akibat sinar matahari
karena perubahan yang berkaitan dengan usia mengubah respons protektif terhadap sinar UV yang
berbahaya.
Lifestyle, nutritional, and environmental factors—including both immediate and long-term conditions—
exacerbate age- related vision changes and interfere with visual wellness.
Cigarette smoking is a lifestyle factor that increases the risk for cataracts and macular degeneration. One
study found that smoking was associated with approximately four times higher odds of visual
impairment (Jin & Wong, 2008).
People with diabetes are at increased risk for developing cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy.
People with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia are at higher risk for AMD.
. Orang dengan diabetes berada pada peningkatan risiko untuk mengembangkan katarak, glaukoma, dan
diabetes. Retinopati. Orang dengan hipertensi atau hiperkolesterolemia
● diminished ability to focus on near objects berkurangnya kemampuan untuk fokus pada objek dekat
● Slower response to changes in illumination ● Respons yang lebih lambat terhadap perubahan
pencahayaan
● Slower processing of visual information● Pemrosesan informasi visual yang lebih lambat
. Dry eyes can be caused by environmental conditions such as wind, sunlight, low humidity, and
secondhand smoke.
Mata kering dapat disebabkan oleh kondisi lingkungan seperti angin, sinar matahari, kelembaban
rendah, dan asap rokok.
AGE-RELATED CHANGES
● Decreased elasticity of the eyelid muscles ● Penurunan elastisitas otot kelopak mata
Structures
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
Nurses promote visual wellness through interventions directed toward preventing vision loss, promoting
comfort measures for dry eyes, and implementing or teaching about methods to foster optimal visual
function. Interventions to achieve these goals are discussed in detail in the following sections. The
following pertinent Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) terminologies may be applicable to care
plans: Communication Enhancement: Visual Deficit, Coping Enhancement, Eye Care, Environmental
Management, Environmental Management: Safety, Health Education, Health Screening, Health System
Guidance, Risk Identification, and Fall Prevention
Perawat mempromosikan kesehatan visual melalui intervensi yang diarahkan untuk mencegah
kehilangan penglihatan, mempromosikan kenyamanan, seperti
● Minimize exposure to sunlight by using broad-brimmed hats and close-fitting sunglasses with UV-
absorbing lenses.
● Have eyes examined annually or more frequently if you notice a change in vision; make sure the
examination checks for glaucoma, cataracts, and retinal disease.
● Use the appropriate eye care practitioner (ophthalmologist, optometrist, and optician)
● Because smoking is a risk factor for many eye diseases, quit smoking.
● Because diabetes and hypertension are risk factors for eye disease, make sure these conditions are
managed optimally
Melakukan pemeriksaan mata setiap tahun atau lebih sering jika terjadi perubahan
Gunakan praktisi perawatan mata yang tepat (dokter mata, dokter mata, dan ahli optik)
Karena merokok adalah faktor risiko untuk banyak penyakit mata, berhentilah
Rokok.
Karena diabetes dan hipertensi adalah faktor risiko penyakit mata, pastikan kondisi ini dikelola optimal
Bagian. Terminologi Klasifikasi Intervensi Keperawatan (NIC) terkait berikut mungkin berlaku untuk
perawatan
WELLNESS OUTCOMES
Planning for Wellness Outcomes • Improved visual function • Increased safety • Improved
independence in activities of daily living • Improved quality of life