Farmakoterapi emergensi
Ndaru Setyaningrum
Farmasi UII
Namun survey di RS yang kegiatan
farmasisnya telah terakreditasi
Spesialisasi praktik farmasis dalam
dilaporkan hanya 11% dari departemen
emergency medicine (EM) sejak 1970‐an
emergensi yang telah memiliki layanan
farmasis klinis emergensi
Meskipun demikian, 52% responden
Baru 4% ada satelit farmasi khusus
berencana mengimplementasikan
emergensi
layanan farmasi emergensi
Rudis, M.I., JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2005. 18;5:327–328
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• The American Society of
Health‐System Pelatihan farmasis berhubungan
dengan emergensi naik dari hanya 3
Pharmacists (ASHP) (2007) menjadi 70 (2020)
published its first
statement on pharmacy Survey : 50% praktik emergensi
(2009) >> 90% (2016) dari 187
services to the responden
emergency department
in 2008 Keterlibatan farmasis sangat
penting >> outcome terapi
(efektivitas dan safety), reduksi
biaya
Fokus??
Critical illness or
urgent needs
Specific
High‐risk
medication
patient
most
populations
associated ME
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Patient care
• Menciptakan sistem untuk mengurangi atau
mengeliminir medication errors
• Mengevaluasi cost‐effectiveness terapi
pengobatan pasien
• Aktivitas farmasis klinis juga terlibat secara
langsung (bedside) untuk memastikan
pengobatan aman dan efektif pada setting
emergensi
The Institute of Medicine : Hospital‐Based Emergency Care (ASHP)
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Medication information
• Pemilihan obat
• Dosis
Kemudahan akses literatur primer,
• Cara pemberian sekunder, tersier
(administration)
• Reaksi merugikan akibat Tersedia sumber daya untuk
obat menjawab pertanyaan cepat dan
tepat : workstation komputer,
• Kompatibilitas sediaan iv aplikasi HP, textbook dsb
• Interaksi obat
• Identifikasi obat yg tidak Lokasi workstation dekat dengan
perawatan pasien dg fasilitas
diketahui akses memadai (jaringan/internet)
Resuscitation
Membantu identifikasi penyebab terutama • Akses informasi resusitasi:
berkaitan dengan efek (merugikan) • American Stroke Association National
pengobatan Institutes of Health Stroke Scale;
• American Heart Association (AHA)
Basic Life Support (BLS);
Memastikan pemilihan obat dan dosis tepat
• AHA ACLS, AHA Pediatric Advanced
Life Support (PALS);
• American College of Surgeons
Membuat rekomendasi cara pemberian yang Advanced Trauma Life Support
sesuai >> memastikan administration tepat (ATLS);
• American Academy of Clinical
Toxicology Advanced HAZMAT Life
Menyediakan obat yang belum ada di station Support (AHLS);
UGD • Emergency Neurological Life Support
(ENLS); and,
• Board certification as a Diplomate of
Melakukan dokumentasi resusitasi the American Board of Applied
Toxicology (DABAT)
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Emergency issue (2005)
• Management of stroke,
• Withdrawal syndromes,
• Trauma and orthopedic injuries;
• Management of endocrine emergencies such as diabetic
ketoacidosis, thyrotoxicosis, and myxedema coma;
• Hematologic and oncologic emergencies; and
• Pulmonary emergencies such as status asthmaticus and
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations.
• And, lastly, a recent issue of the Journal of Pharmacy
Practice has been dedicated entirely to the topic of
toxicology.
Rudis, M.I., JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2005. 18;5:327–328
• Seiring dengan
perkembangan
pengobatan, maka
cakupan kasus
emergensi pun
berkembang…
• Farmasis harus
mampu mengikuti
pola tersebut jika ingin
eksis di bidangnya
(emergensi)
• Cakupannya? Sesuai
dg farmakoterapi
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YAKUGAKU ZASSHI, 2016
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI, 2016
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dos Santos, dkk., 2020 : studi di Brazil
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COVID‐19
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Pharmacotherapy in COVID‐19; A narrative review
for emergency providers
• There are currently no therapeutic drugs available that are directly active against
SARS‐CoV‐2; however, several antivirals (remdesivir, favipiravir) and antimalarials
(chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine) have emerged as potential therapies.
• Current guidelines recommend combination treatment with
hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin or chloroquine, if hydroxychloroquine is
unavailable, in patients with moderate disease, although these recommendations
are based on limited evidence.
• Remdesivir and convalescent plasma may be considered in critical patients with
respiratory failure; however, access to these therapies may be limited.
• Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) antagonists may be used in patients who develop evidence of
cytokine release syndrome (CRS).
• Corticosteroids should be avoided unless there is evidence of refractory septic
shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or another compelling
indication for their use.
• ACE inhibitors and ARBs should not be discontinued at this time and ibuprofen
may be used for fever.
Mehta, et.al., American Journal of Emergency Medicine 38 (2020) 1488–1493
KERACUNAN
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Specific toxicology treatments and
antidotes
Activated Acetylcysteine
Cyproheptadine Desferrioxamine
charcoal >> parasetamol
Flumazenil
Dicobalt edetate Digoxin‐specific
>> Glucagon
>> sianida antibodies
benzodiazepin
Pralidoxime
Naloxone Thiamine
>> pestisida
>> opioid >> alkohol
organofosfat
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• Vasopresor
Anafilaksis • Kortikosteroid
• Antihistamin
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EMERGENCY KIT
Berdasarkan penyakit
Slama, dkk., EMHJ – Vol. 24 No. 1 – 2018
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TERIMA KASIH..
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