Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan rahmat,
berkah dan hidayahnya-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul
“Pengaruh Low Spindle Speed Dan Pengaplikasian Constrained Layer Damping Pada
Down Milling Terhadap Kekasaran Permukaan Dan Perancangan Stability Lobe
Diagram Thin-Walled Plate Stainless Steel 304”. Skripsi ini diajukan untuk memenuhi
sebagian persyaratan akademik bagi mahasiswa Teknik Mesin Universitas Brawijaya untuk
memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik.
Dalam penyusunan skripsi ini tentu penulis membutuhkan bantuan, dukungan dan
bimbingan dari berbagai pihak baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung sehingga
skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik. Oleh karena itu, pada kesempatan kali ini
penulis ingin mengucapkan terimakasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada:
1. Bapak Ir. Djarot B. Darmadi, MT., Ph.D., selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Mesin
Universitas Brawijaya.
2. Bapak Teguh Dwi Widodo, ST., M.Eng., Ph.D., selaku Sekretaris Jurusan Teknik
Mesin Universitas Brawijaya.
3. Bapak Dr.Eng. Mega Nur Sasongko, ST., MT., selaku Ketua Program Studi S1
Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas Brawijaya.
4. Bapak Moch. Syamsul Ma’arif, ST., MT., selaku Dosen Pembimbing Seminar
Proposal.
5. Bapak Dr. Ir. Achmad As’ad Sonief, MT., selaku dosen pembimbing pertama dan
selaku KKDK Manufaktur Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas Brawijaya yang telah
banyak meluangkan waktunya untuk memberikan bimbingan skripsi, memberikan
nasihat, saran dan motivasi yang luar biasa bagi penulis selama penyusunan skripsi.
6. Bapak Ir. Tjuk Oerbandono, MSc.CSE., selaku dosen pembimbing kedua yang juga
telah banyak meluangkan waktunya untuk memberikan bimbingan skripsi,
memberikan nasihat, saran dan motivasi yang luar biasa bagi penulis selama
penyusunan skripsi.
7. Kedua Orang tua saya, Bapak Mohamad Syaiful Ridwan dan Ibu Septiana Chandra
Lukita yang selalu mendukung, mendidik, memotivasi dan mendoakan, serta kakak
dan adik saya, Syafriana Nurina Ridwan dan Syafira Aulia Ridwan .
8. Seluruh asisten Laboratorium Otomasi Manufaktur dan Laboratorium Metrologi
Industri Teknik Mesin Universitas Brawijaya yang telah membantu penelitian
i
9. Seluruh staf pengajar dan administrasi Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas Brawijaya.
10. Rekan satu perjuangan, Rama, Wisam dan Bismo yang telah memberikan dukungan
dan masukan dalam penelitian ini baik suka maupun duka.
11. Seluruh Keluarga Besar Mahasiswa Mesin Universitas Brawijaya yang secara
langsung maupun tidak langsung ikut membantu dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini.
12. Seluruh keluarga besar “M16” yang telah menjadi keluarga baru penulis, terima kasih
atas dukungan, doa dan kebersamaannya selama masa kuliah.
13. Teman-teman kepanitiaan AIESEC dan Kreativitas Mesin Brawijaya yang telah
memberikan banyak pelajaran dan pengalaman.
14. Semua pihak yang telah membantu terselesaikannya skripsi ini, yang tidak dapat
penulis sebutkan satu-persatu.
Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna baik dari isi
maupun format penulisan. Untuk itu penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang bersifat
membangun dari semua pihak agar kedepannya menjadi lebih baik lagi. Semoga skripsi ini
dapat memberikan manfaat bagi penulis maupun pembaca dan dapat menjadi referensi
untuk penelitian selanjutnya.
Penulis
ii
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
KATA PENGANTAR ...........................................................................................................i
DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR TABEL................................................................................................................. v
DAFTAR GAMBAR ..........................................................................................................vii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................ix
RINGKASAN ...................................................................................................................... xi
SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Batasan Masalah ...................................................................................................... 3
1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ..................................................................................................... 3
1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................................... 3
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 5
2.1 Penelitian Sebelumnya ............................................................................................ 5
2.2 Proses Manufaktur ................................................................................................... 8
2.3 Proses Permesinan ................................................................................................... 8
2.4 Proses Milling ........................................................................................................ 12
2.4.1 End Milling Cutter ....................................................................................... 15
2.4.2 Gaya-Gaya Pada Proses Permesinan ........................................................... 16
2.4.3 Parameter Pemotongan Pada Proses End Milling ........................................ 17
2.5 Stainless Steel ........................................................................................................ 18
2.5.3 Austenitic Stainless Steel .............................................................................. 18
2.5.4 Ferritic Stainless Steel.................................................................................. 19
2.5.5 Martensitic Stainless Steel............................................................................ 19
2.6 Regenerative Chatter ............................................................................................. 19
2.7 Getaran Pada Proses Permesinan .......................................................................... 20
2.8 Pemodelan Getaran................................................................................................ 22
2.9 Peredaman ............................................................................................................. 25
2.10 Constrained Layer Damping ................................................................................ 26
2.11 Kekasaran Permukaan ......................................................................................... 27
iii
2.12 Stability Lobe Diagram ......................................................................................... 29
2.13 Hipotesis ................................................................................................................ 30
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................................... 31
3.1 Metode Penelitian ..................................................................................................31
3.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ................................................................................ 31
3.3 Variabel Penelitian .................................................................................................31
3.4 Bahan ..................................................................................................................... 32
3.5 Dimensi Benda Kerja ....................................................................................................... 33
3.6 Alat ......................................................................................................................... 33
3.7 Skema Penelitian ....................................................................................................37
3.8 Prosedur Penelitian ................................................................................................ 38
3.9 Diagram Alir Penelitian ......................................................................................... 40
3.10 Diagram Alir Input-Output Pengambilan Data Penelitian ....................................41
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................................41
4.1 Pengolahan Data Hasil Penelitian ..........................................................................41
4.2 Pembuatan Stability Lobe Diagram .......................................................................41
4.3 Grafik dan Pembahasan ......................................................................................... 43
4.3.1 Penentuan Chatter-Unchatter grafik Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) .........43
4.3.2 Grafik dan Pembahasan Perbandingan Kekasaran Permukaan Hasil
Permesinan Menggunakan Metode Peredaman Constrained Layer Damping
dan Tanpa Peredaman ................................................................................... 45
4.3.3 Perbandingan Kekasaran Permukaan Hasil Permesinan Menggunakan
Metode Peredaman Constrained Layer Damping dan Tanpa Peredaman ....47
BAB IV PENUTUP ............................................................................................................51
5.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................................51
5.2 Saran .................................................................................................................. 51
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .........................................................................................................53
LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................................ 55
iv
DAFTAR TABEL
v
vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Faktor A: Depth of Cut; Faktor B: Spindle Speed; Faktor C: Feed Rate ....... 5
Gambar 2.2 Hasil Pengukuran Kekasaran Permukaan Permesinan: Dengan Peredaman
(Atas); Tanpa Peredaman (Bawah) ................................................................ 6
Gambar 2.3 SLD Permesinan Tanpa Peredaman (Kiri); SLD Permesinan Dengan
Damper .......................................................................................................... 7
Gambar 2.4 (a)aTechnicalaProcess dan (b) EconomicaProcess ....................................... 8
Gambar 2.5 Proses Turning ............................................................................................... 9
Gambar 2.6 Mesin Drilling.............................................................................................. 10
Gambar 2.7 MesinjMilling............................................................................................... 10
Gambar 2.8 Proses Surface Grinding .............................................................................. 10
Gambar 2.9 ProsesjCylindrical Grinding ........................................................................ 11
Gambar 2.10 Proses Planing ............................................................................................. 11
Gambar 2.11 ProsesjSawing .............................................................................................. 12
Gambar 2.12 Peripheral Milling ....................................................................................... 12
Gambar 2.13 Face Milling ................................................................................................. 13
Gambar 2.14 Proses End Milling ....................................................................................... 13
Gambar 2.15 Benda Kerja Penelitian ................................................................................ 14
Gambar 2.16 End Mill Cutter Dengan Dua Flute .............................................................. 15
Gambar 2.17 End Mill Cutter Dengan Flute Lebih Dari Dua ........................................... 15
Gambar 2.18 Ball End Mill Cutter..................................................................................... 15
Gambar 2.19 Gaya-gaya Pada Proses Permesinan ............................................................ 16
Gambar 2.20 AxialaDepthaofaCut (ap) dan RadialaDepth of Cut (ae) .............................. 18
Gambar 2.21 Regenerative Effect ...................................................................................... 21
Gambar 2.22 Chatter Pada Proses Milling ........................................................................ 21
Gambar 2.23 Pemodelan Getaran Pada Thin-Walled Plate ............................................... 22
Gambar 2.24 Pemodelan Penambahan Constrained Layer Damping Pada Thin-Walled
Plate ............................................................................................................. 24
Gambar 2.25 Viscoelastic Damping .................................................................................. 26
Gambar 2.26 Constrained Layer Damping........................................................................ 27
Gambar 2.27 Profil Kekasaran Permukaan........................................................................ 27
Gambar 2.28 Stability Lobe Diagram ................................................................................ 30
Gambar 3.1 Stainless Steel 304........................................................................................ 32
vii
Gambar 3.2 Neoprene (Viscoelastic) ................................................................................ 33
Gambar 3.3 Dimensi BendaaKerja ................................................................................... 33
Gambar 3.4 Mesin HAAS VF-2 ....................................................................................... 34
Gambar 3.5 SurfaceaRoughnessaTesteraSJ-301 .............................................................. 35
Gambar 3.6 Dimensi Pahat ............................................................................................... 36
Gambar 3.7 Regular Helix Angle EndaMill Tool ............................................................. 36
Gambar 3.8 Accelerometer ............................................................................................... 36
Gambar 3.9 Arduino Uno .................................................................................................37
Gambar 3.10 Laptop ...........................................................................................................37
Gambar 3.11 Height Gauge ................................................................................................ 38
Gambar 3.12 Skema Penelitian .......................................................................................... 38
Gambar 3.13 Diagram Alir Penelitian ................................................................................ 40
Gambar 3.14 Diagram Alir Input-Output Pengambilan Data Penelitian ........................... 38
Gambar 4.1 Stability Lobe Diagram proses milling Stainless Steel 304 .......................... 42
Gambar 4.2 Grafik FFT Proses Milling Stainless Steel 304 Pada 3000 rpm Pada
A) Depth ofaCuta0,4amm (Unchatter) dan B) DepthaofaCuta0,6 mm
(Chatter) .......................................................................................................44
Gambar 4.3 Grafik Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Proses Down Milling Stainless Steel
304 dengan 1000 rpm pada Depth of Cut 1 mm A) Dengan CLD dan B)
Tanpa CLD ...................................................................................................45
Gambar 4.4 Grafik Acceleration-Time Doman dan Letak Pengambilan Sampel Titik Uji
Constrained Layer Damping dan B) Tanpa Peredaman pada 1000 rpm dan
Depth of Cut 1 mm ....................................................................................... 47
Gambar 4.5 Pengeplotan Titik Sampel Uji Kekasaran pada Proses Down Milling Stainless
Steel 304 menggunakan metode A) Constrained Layer Damping dan B)
Tanpa Peredaman ........................................................................................... 48
Gambar 4.6 Data Surface Roughness Proses Down Milling Constrained Layer Damping
dan Tanpa Peredaman Dengan 1000 rpm dan Depth of Cut 1 mm
A) Pengambilan Titik A, B) Pengambilan Titik B, C) Pengambilan Titik C
...................................................................................................................... 49
Gambar 4.6 Spesimen Hasil Permesinan Menggunakan Metode Constrained Layer
Damping (Atas); Tanpa Peredaman (Bawah) ...............................................49
viii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
ix
x
RINGKASAN
Mohamad Syafrizal Fauzy Amin, Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik Universitas
Brawijaya, Januari 2021, Pengaruh Low Spindle Speed Dan Constrained Layer Damping
Pada Down Milling Terhadap Perancangan Stability Lobe Diagram Dan Kekasaran
Permukaan Thin-Walled Plate Stainless Steel 304, Dosen Pembimbing: Dr. Ir. Achmad
As’ad Sonief, MT., dan Ir. Tjuk Oerbandono, M.Sc.CSE.
Kata kunci: thin-walled plate, constrained layer damping, chatter, permukaan hasil
permesinan, stability lobe diagram.
xi
xii
SUMMARY
Milling machining performed on thin-walled plates has its own challenges because this
component has a low level of rigidity. As a result, this weakness often gives rise to the
phenomenon of chatter. This phenomenon causes many disadvantages, among others:
causing high chisel wear, lowering productivity levels, and lowering product quality.
Stability Lobe Diagram (SLD) is one of the solutions to minimize chatter phenomenon
which in SLD itself is a visualization of spindle speed and depth of cut parameters so that
the diagram can be used to determine the combination of the two parameters precisely to
minimize chatter. Another solution is to use the Constrained-Layer Damping (CLD)
method.
Experimental method used in research by using end milling process using down
milling spindle speed parameter 1000; 1500; 2000; 2500; 3000 rpm with each depth of cut
of 0.2; 0,4; 0,6; 0.8 1 mm against SLD design and surface roughness using vertical
machining center machine on stainless steel plate work material 304. During the machining
process, the effectiveness of CLD was measured using the identification of Fast Fourier
Transform (FFT) graphs which then the research continued by arranging SLD as a
reference for unchatter areas, transitions, and chatter from food by looking at the maximum
depth of cut of each spindle speed during the occurrence of significant amplitude increases
in the eating process. After that, data justification is done using surface roughness test.
The final result shows from the SLD obtained, it can be seen that the effective option
in machining thin-walled stainless steel milling 304 is to use the parameters of spindle
speed of 1000 rpm and 3000 rpm because it has a high chatter free zone compared to other
variations of spindle speed parameters, namely reaching a depth of cut of 0.6 mm. Another
conclusion is that cld damping method can dampen vibration and minimize chatter that
occurs during milling machining. This is verified through the measurement of roughness
values where the average roughness obtained in stainless steel 304 with CLD has a lower
value. compared to stainless steel 304 without using CLD. the average value obtained in
stainless steel 304 with CLD of 0.274 μm while stainless steel 304 without using CLD has
a higher roughness, which is 1.17 μm.
Kata kunci: thin-walled plate, constrained layer damping, chatter, surface result, stability
lobe diagram.
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