14-2
14 Kewajiban Tidak Lancar
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Menjelaskan prosedur formal yang 5. Explain the accounting for long-term
terkait dengan menerbitkan utang notes payable.
jangka panjang 6. Describe the accounting for the
extinguishment of non-current liabilities.
2. Identify various types of bond issues.
7. Describe the accounting for the fair
3. Describe the accounting valuation for
value option.
bonds at date of issuance.
8. Explain the reporting of off-balance-
4. Apply the methods of bond discount
sheet financing arrangements.
and premium amortization.
9. Indicate how to present and analyze
14-3 non-current liabilities.
HUTANG OBLIGASI
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Describe the formal procedures 5. Explain the accounting for long-term
associated with issuing long-term debt. notes payable.
3. Describe the accounting valuation for 7. Describe the accounting for the fair
bonds at date of issuance. value option.
14-7 LO 2
Jenis dan Peringkat Obligasi
Secured dan Unsecured bonds
Dijamin : dijamin dengan harta perusahaan
Tidak dijamin: tidak menyebutkan jaminan
secara eksplisit -> diterbitkan terutama untuk
perusahaan yang memiliki kemampuan
keuangan kuat
Term dan Serial bonds
Term -> pelunasan pada saat jatuh temponya
menunjuk pada tanggal tunggal
Serial -> pelunasan dengan cara cicilan
14-8
Jenis dan Peringkat Obligasi
Registered dan Bearer bonds
Registered (atas nama) diterbitkan dengan
dicantumkan nama pemiliknya
Bearer (atas unjuk) diterbitkan tanpa nama
pemilik, pembayaran dilakukan dengan kepada
orang yang menunjukkan obligasi tersebut
Convertible dan Callable bonds
convertible -> obligasi dapat dikonversi menjadi
modal saham
callable -> dilunasi dengan uang dan dapat
dilunasi sebelum jatuh tempo
14-9
Types and Ratings of Bonds
14-10 LO 2
14 Non-Current Liabilities
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Describe the formal procedures 5. Explain the accounting for long-term
associated with issuing long-term debt. notes payable.
2. Identify various types of bond issues. 6. Describe the accounting for the
extinguishment of non-current liabilities.
3. Menjelaskan penilaian akuntansi
untuk obligasi pada tanggal 7. Describe the accounting for the fair
value option.
penerbitan.
8. Explain the reporting of off-balance-
4. Apply the methods of bond discount
sheet financing arrangements.
and premium amortization.
9. Indicate how to present and analyze
14-11 non-current liabilities.
Penilaian Hutang Obligasi
14-12 LO 3
Penilaian Hutang Obligasi
Harga jual obligasi ditetapkan oleh
1.Tergantung pada tingkat bunga pasar
2. Perhitungan nilai jual:
- hitung PV nilai jatuh tempo, plus
Tarif tersebut merupakan % dari nilai nominal atau face value, par
value, principal amount, maturity value..
14-14
Penilaian Hutang Obligasi
Suku bunga
14-16 LO 3
Penilaian Hutang Obligasi
14-17 LO 3
Penilaian Hutang Obligasi
Jika bunga nominal 8%
6% Premium
8% Par Value
10% Discount
14-18 LO 3
Bonds Issued at Par
ILLUSTRATION 14-1
Time Diagram for Bonds
Issued at Par
14-19 LO 3
Bonds Issued at Par ILLUSTRATION 14-1
Time Diagram for Bonds
Issued at Par
ILLUSTRATION 14-2
Present Value
Computation of
Bond Selling at Par R$ 100.000 X 0,64993 (TABEL 6-2) R$ 64.993
14-20 LO 3
Bonds Issued at Par
Cash 100,000
Bonds payable 100,000
Entri jurnal untuk mencatat bunga yang masih harus dibayar di Dec. 31, 2015.
ILLUSTRATION 14-3
Time Diagram for Bonds
Issued at a Discount
14-22 LO 3
Bonds Issued at a Discount ILLUSTRATION 14-3
Time Diagram for Bonds
Issued at a Discount
ILLUSTRATION 14-4
Present Value
Computation of
Bond Selling at R$ 100.000 X 0.59345 = R$ 59.345
Discount
14-23 LO 3
Bonds Issued at a Discount
Entri jurnal pada tanggal penerbitan, Jan. 1, 2015.
Cash 92,608
Bonds payable 92,608
Entri jurnal untuk mencatat bunga yang masih harus dibayar di Dec. 31, 2015.
1. Investor menuntut tingkat bunga lebih tinggi dari tingkat yang dinyatakan.
14-25 LO 3
14 Non-Current Liabilities
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Describe the formal procedures 5. Explain the accounting for long-term
associated with issuing long-term debt. notes payable.
2. Identify various types of bond issues. 6. Describe the accounting for the
extinguishment of non-current liabilities.
3. Describe the accounting valuation for
bonds at date of issuance. 7. Describe the accounting for the fair
value option.
4. Menerapkan metode diskon
obligasi dan amortisasi premium 8. Explain the reporting of off-balance-
sheet financing arrangements.
9. Indicate how to present and analyze
14-26 non-current liabilities.
Metode Bunga Efektif
14-27 LO 4
Effective-Interest Method
ILLUSTRATION 14-5
Bond Discount and Premium
Amortization Computation
14-28 LO 4
Effective-Interest Method
ILLUSTRATION 14-6
Computation of Discount on Bonds Payable
14-29 LO 4
ILLUSTRATION 14-7
Bond Discount
Amortization Schedule
14-30
Effective-Interest Method ILLUSTRATION 14-7
Bond Discount
Amortization Schedule
Cash 92,278
Bonds Payable 92,278
14-31 LO 4
Effective-Interest Method ILLUSTRATION 14-7
Bond Discount
Amortization Schedule
ILLUSTRATION 14-8
Computation of Premium on Bonds Payable
14-34 LO 4
ILLUSTRATION 14-9
Bond Premium
Amortization Schedule
14-35
Effective-Interest Method ILLUSTRATION 14-9
Bond Premium
Amortization Schedule
Cash 108,530
Bonds payable 108,530
14-36 LO 4
Effective-Interest Method ILLUSTRATION 14-9
Bond Premium
Amortization Schedule
ILLUSTRATION 14-10
Computation of Interest
Expense
14-38 LO 4
Effective-Interest Method
14-39 LO 4
Effective-Interest Method
14-40 LO 4
Effective-Interest Method
Cash 100,000
Bonds payable 100,000
Cash 2,667
Interest expense 2,667
14-41 LO 4
Effective-Interest Method
14-42 LO 4
Effective-Interest Method
ILLUSTRATION 14-12
Partial Period Interest
Amortization
14-44 LO 4
Effective-Interest Method
ILLUSTRATION 14-13
Partial Period Interest
Amortization
14-45 LO 4
Effective-Interest Method
14-46 LO 4
14 Non-Current Liabilities
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Describe the formal procedures 6. Describe the accounting for the
associated with issuing long-term debt. extinguishment of non-current liabilities.
2. Identify various types of bond issues. 7. Describe the accounting for the fair
value option.
3. Describe the accounting valuation for
bonds at date of issuance. 8. Explain the reporting of off-balance-
sheet financing arrangements.
4. Apply the methods of bond discount
and premium amortization. 9. Indicate how to present and analyze
non-current liabilities.
5. Menjelakan akuntansi untuk long-term
notes payable.
14-47
HUTANG JANGKA PANJANG
14-48 LO 5
Catatan Ditempatkan pada Nilai nominal
14-50 LO 5
Zero-Interest-Bearing Notes
ILLUSTRATION 14-14
Time Diagram for Zero-Interest Note
14-51 LO 5
Zero-Interest-Bearing Notes
Cash 7,721.80
Notes Payable 7,721.80
14-52 LO 5
Zero-Interest-Bearing Notes
ILLUSTRATION 14-15
Schedule of Note
Discount Amortization
14-53 LO 5
Zero-Interest-Bearing Notes
ILLUSTRATION 14-15
Schedule of Note
Discount Amortization
ILLUSTRATION 7-16
Computation of
Present Value—
Effective Rate
Different from
Stated Rate
14-55 LO 5
Interest-Bearing Notes
Cash 9,520
Notes Payable 9,520
14-56 LO 5
Interest-Bearing Notes
ILLUSTRATION 14-16
Schedule of Note
Discount Amortization
14-57 LO 5
Interest-Bearing Notes
ILLUSTRATION 14-16
Schedule of Note
Discount Amortization
14-59 LO 5
Special Notes Payable Situations
14-60 LO 5
Special Notes Payable Situations
14-61 LO 5
Special Notes Payable Situations ILLUSTRATION 14-18
Time Diagram for
Interest-Bearing Note
ILLUSTRATION 14-19
Computation of Imputed Fair Value and Note Discount
14-62 LO 5
Special Notes Payable Situations
ILLUSTRATION 14-19
Computation of Imputed Fair Value and Note Discount
14-64 LO 5
Special Notes Payable Situations
ILLUSTRATION 14-20
Schedule of Discount
Amortization Using
Imputed Interest Rate
14-66 LO 5
14 Non-Current Liabilities
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Describe the formal procedures 6. Menjelaskan akuntansi untuk
associated with issuing long-term debt. pelunasan kewajiban tidak lancar.
2. Identify various types of bond issues. 7. Describe the accounting for the fair
3. Describe the accounting valuation for value option.
bonds at date of issuance. 8. Explain the reporting of off-balance-
4. Apply the methods of bond discount sheet financing arrangements.
and premium amortization. 9. Indicate how to present and analyze
5. Explain the accounting for long-term non-current liabilities.
notes payable.
14-67
SPESIAL ISU YANG BERKAITAN DENGAN
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
14-68 LO 6
Pelunasan Liabilitas Tidak Lancar
14-69 LO 6
Pemadaman uang tunai sebelum Jatuh Tempo
14-70 LO 6
Extinguishment with Cash before Maturity
14-72 LO 6
Exchanging Assets
Illustration: Bank Hamburg meminjamkan € 20.000.000 kepada
Perusahaan Hipotek Bonn. Bonn, pada gilirannya, menginvestasikan
uang ini di bangunan apartemen tempat tinggal. Namun, karena tingkat
hunian yang rendah, ia tidak dapat memenuhi kewajiban pinjamannya.
Bank Hamburg setuju untuk menerima dari real estate Bonn Mortgage
dengan nilai wajar € 16.000.000 dalam penyelesaian penuh dari
kewajiban pinjaman € 20.000.000. Real estat memiliki nilai tercatat €
21.000.000 pada buku-buku Bonn Mortgage. Bonn (debitur) mencatat
transaksi ini sebagai berikut.
14-74 LO 6
Pemadaman dengan Modifikasi Ketentuan
14-75 LO 6
Modifikasi Ketentuan
Illustration: Pada tanggal 31 Desember 2015, Morgan National Bank
menandatangani perjanjian modifikasi hutang dengan Resorts
Development Company. Bank merestrukturisasi piutang pinjaman ¥
10.500.000 yang diterbitkan pada nilai nominal (bunga dibayarkan
hingga saat ini) dengan:
► Mengurangi kewajiban pokok dari ¥ 10.500.000 menjadi ¥
9.000.000;
► Memperpanjang tanggal jatuh tempo dari 31 Desember 2015,
hingga 31 Desember 2019; dan
► Mengurangi tingkat bunga dari tingkat efektif historis dari 12
persen menjadi 8 persen. Mengingat kesulitan keuangan
Resorts Development, tingkat pinjaman berbasis pasar adalah
15 persen.
14-76 LO 6
Modification of Terms
ILLUSTRATION 14-23
Fair Value of Restructured Note
14-77 LO 6
Modification of Terms
14-78 LO 6
Modification of Terms
ILLUSTRATION 14-24
Schedule of Interest and Amortization
after Debt Modification
14-79 LO 6
14 Non-Current Liabilities
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Describe the formal procedures 6. Describe the accounting for the
associated with issuing long-term debt. extinguishment of non-current liabilities.
2. Identify various types of bond issues. 7. Menjelaskan akuntansi untuk opsi
3. Describe the accounting valuation for nilai wajar.
bonds at date of issuance. 8. Explain the reporting of off-balance-
4. Apply the methods of bond discount sheet financing arrangements.
and premium amortization. 9. Indicate how to present and analyze
5. Explain the accounting for long-term non-current liabilities.
notes payable.
14-80
Opsi Nilai Wajar
14-81 LO 7
Fair Value Option
14-82 LO 7
14 Non-Current Liabilities
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Describe the formal procedures 6. Describe the accounting for the
associated with issuing long-term debt. extinguishment of non-current liabilities.
2. Identify various types of bond issues. 7. Describe the accounting for the fair
value option.
3. Describe the accounting valuation for
bonds at date of issuance. 8. Menjelaskan pelaporan pengaturan
4. Apply the methods of bond discount pembiayaan di luar neraca.
and premium amortization. 9. Indicate how to present and analyze
5. Explain the accounting for long-term non-current liabilities.
notes payable.
14-83
Pembiayaan Off-Balance-Sheet
14-84 LO 8
14 Non-Current Liabilities
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Describe the formal procedures 6. Describe the accounting for the
associated with issuing long-term debt. extinguishment of non-current liabilities.
2. Identify various types of bond issues. 7. Describe the accounting for the fair
value option.
3. Describe the accounting valuation for
bonds at date of issuance. 8. Explain the reporting of off-balance-
sheet financing arrangements.
4. Apply the methods of bond discount
and premium amortization. 9. Menunjukkan cara menyajikan dan
5. Explain the accounting for long-term menganalisis liabilitas tidak lancar.
notes payable.
14-85
Presentasi dan Analisis
14-87 LO 9
Presentation and Analysis
14-88 LO 9
Presentation and Analysis
ILLUSTRATION 14-28
Computation of Long-Term
Debt Ratios for Novartis
14-89 LO 9
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
LIABILITIES
U.S. GAAP and IFRS have similar definitions for liabilities. In addition, the
accounting for current liabilities is essentially the same under both IFRS and
U.S. GAAP. However, there are substantial differences in terminology related
to noncurrent liabilities as well as some differences in the accounting for
various types of long-term debt transactions.
14-90
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
Relevant Facts
Similarities
• U.S. GAAP and IFRS have similar liability definitions. Both also classify
liabilities as current and non-current.
• Much of the accounting for bonds and long-term notes is the same under
U.S. GAAP and IFRS.
• Both U.S. GAAP and IFRS require the best estimate of a probable loss. In
U.S. GAAP, the minimum amount in a range is used. Under IFRS, if a range
of estimates is predicted and no amount in the range is more likely than any
other amount in the range, the midpoint of the range is used to measure the
liability.
• Both U.S. GAAP and IFRS prohibit the recognition of liabilities for future
losses.
14-91
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
Relevant Facts
Differences
• Under U.S. GAAP, companies must classify a refinancing as current only if
it is completed before the financial statements are issued. IFRS requires
that the current portion of long-term debt be classified as current unless an
agreement to refinance on a long-term basis is completed before the
reporting date.
• U.S. GAAP uses the term contingency in a different way than IFRS. A
contingency under U.S. GAAP may be reported as a liability under certain
situations. IFRS does not permit a contingency to be recorded as a liability.
• U.S. GAAP uses the term estimated liabilities to discuss various liability
items that have some uncertainty related to timing or amount. IFRS
generally uses the term provisions.
14-92
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
Relevant Facts
Differences
• U.S. GAAP and IFRS are similar in the treatment of environmental liabilities.
However, the recognition criteria for environmental liabilities are more
stringent under U.S. GAAP: Environmental liabilities are not recognized
unless there is a present legal obligation and the fair value of the obligation
can be reasonably estimated.
• U.S. GAAP uses the term troubled debt restructurings and develops
recognition rules related to this category. IFRS generally assumes that all
restructurings should be considered extinguishments of debt.
14-93
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
Relevant Facts
Differences
• Under U.S. GAAP, companies are permitted to use the straight-line method
of amortization for bond discount or premium, provided that the amount
recorded is not materially different than that resulting from effective-interest
amortization. However, the effective-interest method is preferred and is
generally used. Under IFRS, companies must use the effective-interest
method.
• Under U.S. GAAP, companies record discounts and premiums in separate
accounts (see the About the Numbers section). Under IFRS, companies do
not use premium or discount accounts but instead show the bond at its net
amount.
14-94
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
Relevant Facts
Differences
• Under U.S. GAAP, bond issue costs are recorded as an asset. Under IFRS,
bond issue costs are netted against the carrying amount of the bonds.
• Under U.S. GAAP, losses on onerous contract are generally not recognized
unless addressed by industry- or transaction-specific requirements. IFRS
requires a liability and related expense or cost be recognized when a
contract is onerous.
14-95
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
14-96
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
On the Horizon
As indicated in Chapter 2, the IASB and FASB are working on a conceptual
framework project, part of which will examine the definition of a liability. In
addition, the two Boards are attempting to clarify the accounting related to
provisions and related contingencies.
14-97