Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Persis

Ujian Akhir Semester Ganjil 2022/2023

Nama : Agnia Salsabila

Kode / Nama Mata Kuliah : Bahasa Inggris/kelas PGMI 1 A
Dosen Pengampu : Dr. Undang, M.A
Hari/Waktu : Kamis 26 Januari 2023
Durasi waktu : 07.00 – 09.00 dan di kerjakan di rumah
Ruang : Virtual

Instruction to candidates :
1. Terjemahkan English text ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia
2. Dibenarkan membuka hard copy kamus dan kamus on line
3. Jawaban di dalam bentuk word atau hand writing
4. Kata dalam setiap narasi diberikan/ diitalic/bold jawaban synonimnya, bisa di akses
secara on line cari jawban di dalam talian internet

1. In 2023 countries and other partners will consolidate and expand recent gains in
agricultural innovation to address climate resilience and mitigation, including for
smallholder farmers and in the realm of agro ecology. For the first time, the UN Food and
Agriculture Organization announced that it will develop a plan by COP 28 to reduce
emissions from food and agriculture systems in line with the goal of keeping
temperatures from rising above 1.5°C. The AIM for Climate initiative, led by the United
States and the United Arab Emirates, and of which the UN Foundation is a partner, will
hold a major summit in Washington, D.C., in May, and the initiative’s work is expected
to be prominently featured at COP 28 given that the UAE is the host.
Terjemahan:
Pada tahun 2023, negara-negara dan mitra lainnya akan mengonsolidasikan dan
memperluas pencapaian baru-baru ini dalam inovasi pertanian untuk mengatasi
ketahanan dan mitigasi iklim termasuk bagi petani kecil dan bidang agroekologi untuk
 pertama kalinya organisasi pangan dan pertanian PBB mengumumkan akan
mengembangkan rencana pada COP 28 untuk mengurangi emisi dari sistem pangan dan
pertanian sejalan dengan tujuan menjaga suhu agar tidak naik di atas 1,5°C inisiatif AIM
untuk iklim dipimpin oleh Amerika Serikat dan Uni Emirat Arab dan di mana Yayasan
PBB adalah mitranya akan mengadakan pertemuan Puncak besar di Washington, DC,
pada bulan Mei dan karya prakarsa tersebut diharapkan akan ditampilkan Secara
mencolok di COP 28 Mengingat bahwa UEA adalah tuan rumahnya.

2. 2022 was the long-awaited “Super Year of the Ocean,” and it did not disappoint.
Throughout the year, the ocean took center stage, including at the One Ocean Summit in
Brest, France, the Our Ocean Conference in the Micronesian Republic of Palau, and the
UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon, Portugal. Together, these conferences highlighted the
critical role the ocean plays in supporting human well-being broadly, from food security
to climate adaptation and mitigation. Recognizing this, governments, companies, and
civil society actors made commitments and pledges to address the full range of ocean
challenges and provide billions of dollars in needed funding for ocean action. Highlights
included renewed efforts to combat illegal fishing, protect and restore marine and coastal
ecosystems, and promote ocean-based climate action such as by succeeded shipping and
increasing offshore renewable energy.
Terjemahan:
2022 adalah "Tahun super samudra" yang telah lama ditunggu-tunggu, dan itu tidak
mengecewakan. Sepanjang tahun lautan menjadi pusat perhatian termasuk Di one Ocean
Summit di Brest, prancis, our ocean conference di Republik mikronesia palau dan
Konferensi laut PBB di Lisbon,Portugal. Bersama-sama konferensi ini menyoroti peran
penting yang dimainkan laut dalam mendukung kesejahteraan manusia secara luas mulai
dari ketahanan pangan hingga adaptasi dan mitigasi iklim menyadari hal ini Pemerintah
perusahaan dan pelaku masyarakat sipil membuat komitmen dan janji untuk mengatasi
berbagai tantangan laut dan menyediakan miliaran dolar dana yang dibutuhkan untuk aksi
laut . Highlight termasuk upaya baru untuk memerangi penangkapan ikan ilegal
melindungi dan memulihkan ekosistem laut dan pesisir dan mempromosikan aksi iklim
 berbasis laut seperti dengan pengiriman yang berhasil dan meningkatkan energi
terbarukan lepas pantai
3. Civilization describes a complex way of life that came about as people began to develop
networks of urban settlements. The earliest civilizations developed between 4000 and
3000 B.C.E., when the rise of agriculture and trade allowed people to have surplus food
and economic stability. Many people no longer had to practice farming, allowing a
diverse array of professions and interests to flourish in a relatively confined area.
Civilizations first appeared in Mesopotamia (what is now Iraq) and later in Egypt.
Civilizations thrived in the Indus Valley by about 2500 B.C.E., in China by about 1500
B.C.E. and in Central America (what is now Mexico) by about 1200 B.C.E. Civilizations
ultimately developed on every continent except Antarctica.
Terjemahan:
Peradaban menggambarkan cara hidup yang kompleks yang muncul ketika orang mulai
mengembangkan jaringan permukiman perkotaan . Peradaban paling awal berkembang
antara 4000 dan 3000 SM, ketika kebangkitan pertanian dan Perdagangan
memungkinkan orang untuk memiliki kelebihan pangan dan stabilitas ekonomi . banyak
orang tidak lagi harus bertani, memungkinkan beragam profesi dan minat berkembang di
daerah yang relatif terbatas . Peradaban pertama kali muncul di Mesopotamia (sekarang
Irak) dan kemudian di Mesir . Peradaban berkembang pesat di lembah indus sekitar 2.500
SM di Cina sekitar 1500 SM dan di Amerika tengah (sekarang Meksiko) sekitar 1200 SM
peradaban akhirnya berkembang di setiap benua kecuali Antartika.
4. Alternative methods to slow or reduce global warming have been proposed that are,
collectively, known as "climate engineering" or "geoengineering." Some geoengineering
proposals involve cooling Earth's surface by injecting reflective particles into the upper
atmosphere to scatter and reflect sunlight back to space. Other proposals involve seeding
the oceans with iron to stimulate large-scale phytoplankton blooms, thereby drawing
down carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere through photosynthesis. Such methods could
work, in principle, but many climate scientists oppose undertaking geoengineering until
we have a much better understanding of the possible side effects. Additionally, there are
unresolved legal and ethical issues surrounding geoengineering.
 Terjemahan:
Metode alternatif untuk memperlambat atau mengurangi pemanasan global telah
diusulkan yang secara kolektif dikenal sebagai rekayasa iklim atau rekayasa bumi.
beberapa proposal Geo Engineering melibatkan pendinginan permukaan bumi dengan
menyuntikkan partikel reflektif ke atmosfer bagian atas untuk menyebarkan dan
memantulkan sinar matahari kembali ke angkasa. proposal lain melibatkan penyemaian
lautan dengan besi untuk merangsang mekar phytoplankton skala besar sehingga menarik
karbondioksida keluar dari atmosfer melalui fotosintesis .metode seperti itu pada
prinsipnya bisa berhasil, tetapi banyak ilmuwan iklim menentang melakukan Geo
Engineering sampai kita memiliki pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang kemungkinan efek
samping .Selain itu ada masalah hukum dan etika yang belum terselesaikan seputar Geo
Engineering.
5. Defined neutrally as a system of belief rooted in the past, traditionalism is expectedly
doctrinally unambitious: it cannot assign original dogmatic tasks to those who succeeded
the first generation. The first generation itself has no original task since it receives the
raw material from heaven – although it does actively witness it taking shape in the human
world. The two fold duty of Muslims who succeeded the early community was to
preserve this original pure Islam and then to transmit the faithful heritage to future
generations, a duty that Muslims have discharged with dedication. The normative desire
to bring the early Muslim vision within the range of every new generation implies that
Islam, at a given point in its history, is authentic only insofar as it resembles the original
faith. Therefore, doctrinal deviation, whether through addition, deletion, creative
variation, or outright alteration, invariably earned censure and rebuke. Deviation was
necessarily innovation – the unforgivable sin of doctrinal reform in a direction away
from the original template. Muslims see themselves as either maintaining or debasing
Islam, never as improving it. The perfect Islam could only be tarnished by later
generations: religion in its history must always be a tale of the pilgrim’s regress.
Terjemahan:
Didefinisikan secara Netral sebagai sistem kepercayaan yang berakar di masa lalu
tradisionalisme diharapkan tidak ambisius secara doktrin ia tidak dapat memberikan tugas
dogmatis asli kepada mereka yang menggantikan generasi pertama. Generasi pertama
sendiri tidak memiliki tugas asli karena menerima bahan mentah dari surga meskipun
secara aktif menyaksikannya terbentuk di dunia manusia. tugas ganda umat Islam yang
menggantikan komunitas awal adalah melestarikan Islam asli yang murni ini dan
kemudian mewariskan warisan yang setia kepada generasi mendatang, sebuah kewajiban
yang telah dilaksanakan oleh umat Islam dengan dedikasi keinginan normatif untuk
membawa visi muslim awal ke dalam jangkauan setiap generasi baru menyiratkan bahwa
Islam pada titik tertentu dalam sejarahnya adalah otentik hanya sejauh menyerupai Iman
aslinya . Oleh karena itu ,penyimpangan doktrin baik melalui penambahan,
penghapusan ,variasi kreatif atau perubahan langsung selalu mendapatkan kecaman dan
teguran . penyimpangan tentu saja merupakan inovasi dosa reformasi doktrinal yang
tidak dapat diampuni dalam arah yang menyimpang dari pola aslinya muslim melihat diri
mereka sebagai mempertahankan atau merendahkan Islam tidak pernah memperbaikinya
Islam yang sempurna hanya bisa dinondai oleh generasi selanjutnya . agama dalam
sejarahnya harus selalu menjadi kisah kemunduran para peziarah.
Jawaban:
1. Consolidate : to make firm or secure : STRENGTHEN
consolidate their hold on first place
He consolidated his position as head of the political party.
2. Mitigation : the act of mitigating something or the state of being mitigated : the process
or result of making something less severe, dangerous, painful, harsh, or damaging
3. Agroekology = agribusiness, agronomy, agriculture
an ecological approach to agriculture that views agricultural areas as ecosystems and is
concerned with the ecological impact of agricultural practices
4. Initiative=ambition, enterprise
: an introductory step
took the initiative in attempting to settle the issue
: energy or aptitude displayed in initiation of action : ENTERPRISE
5. Featured= highlighted, identified, emphasized
to indicate the importance of by centering attention on
Ex: a restaurant featuring an extensive list of American wines to complement its creative
American cuisine
6. Throughout= around
in random positions within the boundaries of
Ex. Saw red-tailed hawks throughout the game preserve
7. Conference : as in assembly
a body of people come together in one place
Ex. the conference voted to conclude that day's meeting and to resume discussions the
next morning
8. Highlighdate : as in emphasized
to indicate the importance of by centering attention on
Ex. according to the TV schedule, this week's "Astronomy Today" highlights the
accomplishments of Maria Mitchell
9. Climate (iklim) = climatic
-> a region of the earth having specified climatic conditions (wilayah bumi yang
memiliki kondisi iklim tertentu)
Adaptation (adaptasi) = adapted
->a composition rewritten into a new form (sebuah komposisi yang ditulis ulang menjadi
bentuk baru)
10. Highlights (menyorot) = highlighted; highlighting
-> something (such as an event or detail) that is of major significance or special interest
( sesuatu (seperti peristiwa atau detail) yang sangat penting atau minat khusus )
11, protect ( melindungi) = protected; protecting; protects
-> to cover or shield from exposure, injury, damage, or destruction ( untuk menutupi atau
melindungi dari paparan, cedera, kerusakan, atau kehancuran )
12. Restore ( memulihkan) = restored; restoring
-> to put or bring back into existence or use (untuk menempatkan atau membawa kembali
ke keberadaan atau penggunaan)
13. Ecosystems (ekosistem) = ecosystemic
-> the complex of a community of organisms and its environment functioning as an
ecological unit (kompleks komunitas organisme dan lingkungannya yang berfungsi
sebagai unit ekologis)
14. Climate (iklim) = climatic
-> a region of the earth having specified climatic conditions (wilayah bumi yang
memiliki kondisi iklim
Ocean-based (berbasis laut) = ocean sea
-> a vast sea which is a continuous mass of salt water covering the earth's surface
bounded by continents or large islands. (laut yang luas dan merupakan massa air asin
yang sambung-menyambung meliputi permukaan bumi yang dibatasi oleh benua ataupun
kepulauan yang besar.
15. Civilization  (peradaban) = civilized
-> a relatively high level of cultural and technological development (tingkat
perkembangan budaya dan teknologi yang relatif tinggi)
16. Trade (perdagangan) = trading
-> the business of buying and selling or bartering commodities (bisnis jual beli atau barter
komoditas)
17. DIVERSE : differing from one another:
DIFFERENT may imply little more than separateness but it may also imply contrast or
contrariness.
18. REDUCE : to narrow down ;
LOWER relatively low in position, rank, or order
19. CLIMATE : a region of the earth having specified climatic conditions ;
MOOD a conscious state of mind or predominant emotion
20. INVOLVE : to engage as a participant ;
COMPREHEND implies that something comes within the scope of a statement or
definition.
21. STIMULATE : to excite to activity or growth or to greater activity ;
EXCITE implies a stirring up or moving profoundly.
22. PHOTOSYNTHESIS : synthesis of chemical compounds with the aid of radiant
energy and especially light
23. DOGMATIC : characterized by or given to the expression of opinions very strongly
or positively as if they were facts ;
DICTATORIAL stresses autocratic, high-handed methods and a domineering manner.
24. ORIGINAL TASK
Original : Origin : of, relating to, or constituting an origin or beginnin
Task : duty a usually assigned piece of work often to be finished within a certain time.
ORIGINAL TASK :
25. Succeeded: a: to turn out well
b: to attain a desired object or end
students who succeed in college
26. preserve: a: to keep alive, intact, or free from decay
b: MAINTAIN
27. Heritage : property that descends to an heir
a: something transmitted by or acquired from a predecessor : LEGACY, INHERITANCE
proud of her Chinese heritage a rich heritage of folklore
The battlefields are part of our heritage and should be preserved.
28. Dedication: a devoting or setting aside for a particular purpose the dedication of funds
raised from the bake sale to the class trip
29. Resembles :to be like or similar tohe resembles his father
archaic : to represent as like
30. Unforgivable: :too bad to be forgiven : not forgivable
an unforgivable crime/sin/error
Such boldness on the part of a man of my own class would have been almost
unforgivable.
31. Maintaining: to keep in an existing state (as of repair, efficiency, or validity) :
preserve from failure or decline
32. Tarnished : to dull or destroy the luster of by or as if by air, dust, or dirt : SOIL,
STAIN
b: to bring disgrace on : SULLY
the scandal has tarnished his reputation