Oral DDS
Oral DDS
DOSAGE FORM - Dosage forms are the means by which drug molecules are
delivered to sites of action within the body.
The system to deliver the drug to the body to produced desired therapeutic action and
activity against diseases and disorders is known as Drug delivery system.
Subterapetik Range
Immediate Release
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Membran sel
• Sifat semipermeable (tebal: 8nm)
• Struktur t.a: sel hidup yg dikelilingi membran yg Faktor yg mempengaruhi absorpsi:
berfungsi memelihara kesatuan sel, mengatur
pemindahan nutrisi, zat tdk terpakai ke & dari sitoplasma 1. Kelarutan obat
• Membran sel ta: 3 elemen yg slg berhub:
1. Membran plasma 2. Kemampuan obat berdifusi melintasi membran
2. Retikulum endoplasma 3. Kadar obat
3. Membran inti
4. Sirkulasi darah pd tempat absorpsi
• Tipe membran sel: 5. Luas permukaan kontak obat
1. Membran kulit, tbt oleh bbrp lapis sel
2. Membran intestin t.a lapis sel tunggal
6. Bentuk sediaan obat
3. Membran yg kurang dr 1sel (tebal), spt membran sel 7. Rute pengggunaan obat
tunggal
• Membran plasma ta: protein, lipid, karbohidrat • Fisiologi manusia: aliran darah, surface area, permeasi obat melintasi
• Tdp 2 gol lipid utama: kholesterol & fosfolipid ionik membran, pH, waktu pengosongan lambung, waktu transit pada usus, isi
• Karbohidrat terikat pd lipid & protein sbg glikolipid&
saluran cerna
glikoprotein
•Sifat dari penyakit: lokal/sistemik, perlu obat bekerja cepat,
• Cara pemindahan zat: perlahan-lahan, dalam waktu pendek/lama, keadaan biasa/gawat darurat
1. Difusi pasif: perpind zat lgs melalui lipid & saluran berair •Umurpasien: bayi, anak-anak, dewasa, manula
2. Transport aktif/ difusi fasilitated •Dosis
3. Pinositosis & fagositosis •Fisika kima obat: Ukuran partikel, bentuk kristal, bentuk garam, hidrasi, pH
4. Persorpsi: filtrasi/ difusi berair & akhirnya tjd difusi ion dan pKa
•Bentuk sediaan obat: bentuk, disintegrasi, disolusi bahan tambahan dan
karakteristik sediaan: (pengisi, pengikat, penyalut, penghancur) , metode
pembuatan
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Terminologi
• The following terms have been applied to “extended” or “sustained” Extended-release products
drug delivery systems:
– Extended release (ER) • Dirancang untuk melepaskan obat mereka
– Timed-release (TR) dalam cara yang terkendali, pada pre-
– Long-acting (LA) determined rate, durasi and lokasi dalam
– Prolonged-action (PA), tubuh untuk mencapai dan mempertahankan
– Sustained and Controlled Release Drug Delivery System (SRDDS & CRDDS) optimum therapeutic blood levels of drug.
– Continuous Release System (CRS) (SA)
– Delayed Transit & Continuous Release System (Gastroretentive DDS)
– Pulsatile Drug Delivery System (PDDS)
– Delayed Release Systems: (Intestinal specific and Colon Specific)
PERBEDAAN SR - CR
Kerugian Sediaan Lepas Lambat SR/CRDDS
1. Biaya
2. Korelasi in vitro-in vivo (sering jelek)
3. Dose dumping
4. Mengurangi fleksibilitas pemberian obat
5. Menaikkan kemungkinan “first-pass effect”
6. Secara umum, bioavailabilitas kurang baik
7. Efektivitas pelepasan obat dipengaruhi dan
dibatasi oleh GI residence time
Examples :
– Natural- Guar gum,Tragacanth.
– Semisynthetic -HPMC,CMC,Xanthum gum.
– Synthetic -Polyacrilamides.
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6 SAGAR SAVALE 37
Reservoir System
Rate controlling steps :
Polymer yang
terkandung dalam Osmotic Pressure Controlled
penyalut, kandungan
penyalut, ketebalan
System
penyalut, kekerasan
microcapsule. • Mengikuti pelepasan orde nol
• Obat dapat terosmosis aktif, atau
dikombinasi dengan suatu osmotically
active salt (e.g., NaCl).
• Semipermeable membrane usually
made from cellulose acetate.
• More suitable for hydrophilic drug.
• Examples: Glucotrol XL, Procardia XL,
The dosage form containing drug and buffer is coated with permeable substance that allow entry of aqueous medium but
Osmotic pressure: It is the hydrostatic pressure produced by a solution in a space divided by a semipermeable membrane due to difference in
concentration of solutes. (The pressure is exerted in the walls of semipermeable membrane is known as Osmotic Pressure)
Drug may be osmotically active, or combined with an osmotically active salt (e.g., NaCl).
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