diajukan sebagai tugas pengganti UTS mata kuliah Metode Riset Manajemen Pemasaran
Oleh
Judul Strategi pemasaran: Pengaruh Corporate Social Tanggung Jawab atas Kesadaran Merek
Jurnal International Journal of Engineering, Business and Management (IJEBM)
Volume & Tahun Vol-6, Issue-5, Sep-Oct, 2022
Penulis Zain Noori Ismael
Fenomena Yang Konsumen dengan CSR memiliki beberapa efek loyalitas merek. Efek ini termasuk loyalitas sikap,
Terjadi niat beli, tingkat pengeluaran, dan dari mulut ke mulut. Kedua, tujuannya adalah untuk menentukan
ada tidaknya korelasi antara konstruksi kunci ini dan loyalitas merek. Kedua, salah
satu tujuan kami adalah memasukkan gagasan ini ke dalam model kausal yang akan membantu
kami memahami faktor-faktor yang bertanggung jawab atas loyalitas konsumen (Singh dan Misra,
2021). Studi ini memberikan kontribusi untuk badan penelitian saat ini dengan menganalisis cara
dimana asosiasi CSR dapat menumbuhkan loyalitas pelanggan dengan cara meningkatkan hasil
dari ekuitas merek (yaitu, kesadaran merek, sikap merek, dan kepuasan)
Riset Gap Konsep tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan (CSR) telah mendapatkan pertimbangan yang luas
dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Saat ini perusahaan menggunakan CSR untuk mendapatkan
keunggulan kompetitif dan untuk membangun hubungan jangka panjang dengan para pemangku
kepentingannya. Meskipun CSR sangat populer di negara maju, namun potensi manfaat CSR
kurang disorot di pasar berkembang seperti Kurdistan.
Review Literature tentang CSR kegiatan pemasaran pro-sosial dapat membentuk strategi pasar yang
Permasalahan berbeda untuk merek dan membangun nilai merek yang pada gilirannya dapat membuat konsumen
Yang terjadi shg jd tetap setia. Gagasan ini didukung oleh fakta literatur tentang CSR Oleh karena itu, tanggung jawab
rumusan masalah sosial perusahaan (CSR) bukan hanya kebutuhan moral dan intelektual tetapi juga merupakan
dan Tujuan kebutuhan ekonomi. Dengan kata lain, perusahaan menjadi semakin sadar bahwa realitas sosial dan
Penelitian bisnis mengundang mereka untuk merancang tindakan CSR. Ketika sebuah perusahaan
mengadopsi praktik CSR, itu tidak hanya memperkuat melakukan hal yang benar dengan baik,
tetapi juga melakukannya dengan lebih baik untuk memberikan efek positif pada pemangku
kepentingan utama, khususnya konsumen. Meskipun CSR sangat populer di negara maju, namun
potensi manfaat CSR kurang disorot di pasar berkembang seperti Kurdistan.
Landasan Teori Sejak awal 1950-an, penelitian tentang perilaku konsumen telah memberikan penekanan yang
signifikan pada konsep kesadaran merek (Faeq et al., 2020).
Sadq et al. (2021) adalah orang yang pertama kali mendirikan gagasan kesadaran merek. Dia juga
menyatakan bahwa barang memiliki aspek sosiologis dan emosional, dan konsumen membangun
hubungan emosional dengan merek. Karena mencakup semua keterkaitan di benak pelanggan yang
terkait dengan merek tersebut, kesadaran merekmerupakan komponen paling penting dari ekuitas
merek.
Oleh karena itu, kesadaran konsumen terhadap merek-merek populer merupakan aset yang sangat
berguna bagi bisnis. Pandangan ini, yang didasarkan pada keterkaitan antara atribut dan nama
merek, biasanya disebut sebagai citra merek (Anwar dan Ghafoor, 2017). Jadi, kesadaran merek
pada dasarnya adalah apa yang diingat pelanggan tentang suatu merek, dan itu menunjukkan apa
yang dipikirkan pelanggan tentang suatu merek secara umum (Faeq,
2022). Saat ini, sebuah merek tidak hanya dianggap sebagai logo yang terkait; sebaliknya, ini lebih
cenderung dianggap sebagai pengalaman yang telah dinilai secara menyeluruh dan didukung oleh
anggaran pemasaran yang sangat besar, aktivitas, dan pola pikir
budaya (Sadq et al., 2020)
Hipotesis Hipotesis Penelitian (1): Environment sebagai salah satu dimensi Corporate Social Responsibility
berpengaruh signifikan dan positifterhadap brand awareness.
Hipotesis Penelitian (2): Komunitas sebagai salah satu dimensi Corporate Social Responsibility
berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap brand awareness.
Hipotesis Penelitian (3): Workplace sebagai salah satu dimensi Corporate Social Responsibility
berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap brand awareness.
Desain Risetnya Penelitian eksplanasi , Karena penelitian yang menggambarkan dua variabel yang dikaji, yaitu
(Rancangan veriabel terkait dan juga variabel bebas. Kemudia kedua variabel tersebut dijelaskan apa
Penelitian dengan pengaruh dan hubungannya.
pendekatan apa..
Explorasi atau
Explanasi, knp..
Variabel apa saja Corporate Social Responsibility, Environment , Komunitas, Workplace, dan brand awareness
(dijelaskan
pengaruh variable Hipotesis Penelitian (1): Environment sebagai salah satu dimensi Corporate Social Responsibility
apa) berpengaruh signifikan dan positifterhadap brand awareness.
Hipotesis Penelitian (2): Komunitas sebagai salah satu dimensi Corporate Social Responsibility
berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap brand awareness.
Hipotesis Penelitian (3): Workplace sebagai salah satu dimensi Corporate Social Responsibility
berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap brand awareness.
Populasi, sampel, Pendekatan kuantitatif,
teknik sampling Peneliti menggunakan teknik random sampling
Hanya 268 dari 300 kuesioner kota Sulaimaniah yang dikembalikan dengan semua kolom wajib
diisi. Tujuan dari survei ini adalah untuk memperoleh data tentang bagaimana berbagai taktik CSR
mempengaruhi dayaingat konsumen terhadap merek tertentu.
Hasil Penelitian Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh yang berbeda pada dimensi brand value berpengaruh,
dan data menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh CSR tidak dapat direduksi menjadi satu variabel karena
kompleksitas hubungan yang terlibat. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi lain dengan
mengidentifikasi atribut merek yang memperkuat manfaat CSR pada kesadaran merek. Ini adalah
aspek penting dari penelitian. Ada kemungkinan bahwa efek CSR terhadap kesadaran merek akan
miring jika kita tidak memperhitungkan peran moderasi yang dimainkan oleh atribut merek.
Misalnya, dalam penelitian ini skala merek dan identitas merek diperkenalkan sebagai elemen
penting dalam upaya menjelaskan hubungan antara berbagai tindakan CSR dan
kesadaran merek.
Temuan Yang Temuan analisis menunjukkan bahwa tindakan CSR memiliki efek menguntungkan pada
Menarik kesadaran merek. Selain itu, pertumbuhan dalam dimensi kesadaran merek tertentu bergantung
pada apakah perusahaan terlibat dalam bentuk CSR tertentu atau tidak, dengan mempertimbangkan
ukuran, segmen, dan identitas merek yang bersangkutan.
Menurut temuan penelitian ini, manfaat CSR dapat bervariasi tergantung pada ukuran, identitas,
dan pasar perusahaan. Menurut temuan penelitian ini, citra merek perusahaan dapat
ditingkatkan dengan terlibat dalam praktik CSR yang relevan baik dengan produk maupun
komunitas, dan ukuran peningkatannya lebih besar untuk perusahaan kecil.
Menurut temuan penelitian ini, konsumen lebih memilih untuk lebih mementingkan praktik
tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan (CSR) yang dapat dengan mudah dilihat oleh publik, seperti
yang terkait dengan produk atau komunitas.
Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Usaha Kecil Bermerek harus lebih memusatkan perhatian mereka
pada kegiatan CSR yang relevan dengan produk mereka dan komunitas tempat mereka beroperasi
untuk meningkatkan citra merek mereka.
Keterbatasan dan Terlepas dari kenyataan bahwa itu membuat sejumlah penemuan teoretis yang signifikan dan
Rekomendasi memiliki sejumlah konsekuensi manajerial, studi ini memang memiliki beberapa kelemahan.
Penelitian Dalam penelitian ini, subsequence dari konstruksi brand awareness tidak dipertimbangkan,
Selanjutnya melainkan konstruksi tersebut dianggap sebagai variabel paralel. Dalam penelitian selanjutnya,
dimungkinkan untuk menyelidiki hubungan antara kegiatan CSR dan faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi kesadaran merek dalam urutan tertentu. Dalam contoh khusus ini, dimungkinkan
untuk melihat bagaimana upaya CSR terus meningkatkan kesadaran merek.
International Journal of Engineering, Business and Management (IJEBM)
ISSN: 2456-7817
[Vol-6, Issue-5, Sep-Oct, 2022]
Issue DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijebm.6.5
Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijebm.6.5.6
Received: 01 Oct 2022; Received in revised form: 19 Oct 2022; Accepted: 25 Oct 2022; Available online: 30 Oct 2022
©2022 The Author(s). Published by AI Publications. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Abstract— The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gained extensive consideration in
recent years. Nowadays firms are using CSR to gain competitive advantage and to establish long lasting
relations with its stakeholders. Although CSR is much popular in the developed world but the potential
benefits of CSR are less highlighted in the developing markets like Kurdistan. A quantitative approach was
applied for data analysis in this study. Researcher employed a random sampling technique to obtain data
from participants so that their study would be representative of the entire population of interest. The
researchers gathered data from a wide range of shops in the Sulaimaniah area. Only 268 of the city of
Sulaimaniah's 300 questionnaires were returned with all the required fields filled out. The findings of this
research aim to shed light on the correlation between CSR and brand awareness. In the study, brand
awareness was measured by looking at the environment, the community, and the workplace, which are all
dimensions of corporate social responsibility.
Keywords— Corporate Social Responsibility, Workplace, Marketing Strategy, Brand Awareness
the search for differential positioning to stimulate marketing literature and business practices call for a
consumer reactions (Anwar, 2017). Although the terms are greater understanding of the antecedents of consumer
frequently used interchangeably, corporate social loyalty based on CSR associations (Anwar, 2017). The
responsibility (CSR) and greenwashing are not the same research gap that involves identifying the antecedents of
thing. CSR refers to the practice of proactively CSR and how they affect consumer loyalty has been
incorporating into a company's social, environmental, or approached through a variety of constructs, such as brand
cultural initiatives those activities which, when translated awareness, brand attitude, and brand satisfaction, but there
into monetary terms, are capable of generating beneficial has been a lack of an integrative approach. These
outcomes for both the company and its various structures include This research fills in the gap by
stakeholders (Faeq et al., 2020). As a result, it is much embracing brand loyalty as a reflective second-order
more than a communication reaction (a "facelift" in the construct that is formed from the perspective of the
social or environmental sense), as a response to bad brand consumer and is shaped by attitudinal loyalty, purchase
positioning or an image crisis (Ali and Sohail, 2018). intention, expenditure level, and the intention to refer. As a
According to the literature on CSR (Anwar and Shukur, result, the objective of our research is twofold (Faeq et al.,
2015), pro-social marketing activities can shape a 2022). First, the goal is to conduct an analysis of the
differentiated market strategy for the brand and build influence that key constructs, such as brand awareness,
brand value (Anwar and Shukur, 2015), which, in turn, brand attitude, and consumer satisfaction with CSR have
might keep consumers loyal. This idea is supported by the on multiple effects of brand loyalty. These effects include
fact that the literature on CSR (Faeq et al., 2021). attitudinal loyalty, purchase intention, expenditure level,
Therefore, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is not just and word of mouth. Secondly, the goal is to determine
a moral and intellectual necessity (Dhar et al., 2022), but it whether or not there is a correlation between these key
is also an economic necessity. To put it another way, constructs and brand loyalty. Second, one of our goals is to
companies are becoming more and more aware that social include these notions into a causal model that would help
and business realities invite them to design CSR actions. us understand the factors that are responsible for consumer
When a company adopts CSR practices, it not only loyalty (Singh and Misra, 2021). This study makes a
reinforces doing the right thing well, but also doing it contribution to the current body of research by analyzing
better in order to have a positive effect on key the means by which CSR associations are able to cultivate
stakeholders, specifically consumers. Different customer loyalty by means of enhancing the outcomes of
perspectives have been brought to bear on the question of brand equity (i.e., brand awareness, brand attitude, and
how corporate social responsibility affects consumer satisfaction). To be more specific, our findings reveal two
behavior (Anwar and Qadir, 2017). For instance, there is a noteworthy insights that can be beneficial to academics as
body of research that is specifically devoted to well as practitioners. First, our research reveals that there
investigating and assessing the manner in which customers is more than one path that CSR associations take to lead to
view socially responsible brands (Faeq et al., 2021). Other brand loyalty. In point of fact, previous research has shown
works have focused on knowing the antecedents of CSR that CSR associations have a direct, positive influence on
image formation, such as the attribution of consumer customer loyalty (Anwar, 2017). However, there is also
motivations (Anwar and Shukur, 2015), cause-brand fit another, possibly more interesting, indirect influence that
(Abdullah et al., 2017), or brand reputation. For example, stems from the positive effect that these associations have
the attribution of consumer motivations has been the on brand awareness and customer satisfaction. Second, the
subject of research by Han et al. (2019). Finally, other effect of CSR on customer loyalty is not significantly
studies, with which this article is aligned, have analyzed impacted by the brand's attitude toward the company. This
the consequences of CSR perception in the company- contentious result will be discussed in greater depth in the
consumer relationship. These studies have looked at the following paragraphs. It is possible that it can be explained
ways in which CSR perception can improve customer by either of the following two ideas: At the same time,
satisfaction (Anwar and Abd Zebari, 2015), perceived some customers are skeptical of businesses' genuine
value (Faeq et al., 2022), or the identification of the motivations for implementing CSR initiatives, or they are
consumer with the company (Hernández et al., 2020), aware of businesses' lack of social responsibility (Grover
amongst other things. Along these same lines, the et al., 2019).
Hypotheses:
Research Hypothesis (1): Environment as a dimension of Corporate social responsibility has a significant and positive
influence on brand awareness.
Research Hypothesis (2): Community as a dimension of Corporate social responsibility has a significant and positive
influence on brand awareness.
Research Hypothesis (3): Workplace as a dimension of Corporate social responsibility has a significant and positive
influence on brand awareness.
V. DATA ANALYSIS
Table 1- Demographic Analysis
Information Items Frequency Percentage
Gender Male 159 59.3
Female 109 40.7
20-25 29 10.8
Age 26-30 43 16.0
31-35 78 29.1
36-40 68 25.4
41-45 21 7.8
46-50 18 6.7
50 + 11 4.1
The above table 3 demonstrates the correlation between correlation between community and brand awarenss
dependent variable and each independent variables; the =.527**, this indicates that the value of correlation is
results of correlation analysis revealed that the Pearson significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed), the Pearson
correlation between environment and brand awarenss correlation between workplace and brand awarenss
=.683**, this indicates that the value of correlation is =.873**, this indicates that the value of correlation is
significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed), the Pearson significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Coefficients
Model Unstandardized Standardized t Sig.
Coefficients Coefficient
B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) .117 .145 .805 .425
Environment .578 .004 .581 6.652 .000
Community .599 .106 .611 2.848 .000
Workplace .399 .123 .411 1.285 .035
R Square .813
F 39.184
The researcher utilized multiple regression analysis, influence of CSR efforts on the value of the brand This
generally to find the relationship between each dimension study investigated how all of the important operation-
of CSR and brand awarenss, particularly to find which related CSR activities in the company influence a
CSR dimension has stronger relationship than another multidimensional customer-based brand awareness, in
type. However, the results of multiple regression analysis contrast to CSR studies in the hospitality industry, which
revealed that the Beta value = .581 with significant level are confined to investigating only a few CSR activities or
of .000, this indicates that environment has positively and one component of brand awareness. According to the
significantly predict brand awarenss as result first research findings, implementing CSR activities that are related to
hypothesis supported. As for community, it was found products, jobs, communities, and the environment can
that the value of Beta = .611 with significant level of .000 improve a brand's image and the quality with which
this indicates that community has positively and consumers view the company. CSR can add value to a
significantly predict brand awarenss as result second company by sending a message about the quality of its
research hypothesis supported. Concerning workplace, the products. As a result of the halo effect, such signals of
value of Beta= .411 with significant level of .035 which is product excellence have the potential to spread to other
higher than .000 this indicates that workplace has areas of the company. Therefore, businesses that engage in
positively and significantly predict brand awarenss as socially responsible practices can be perceived as brands
result third research hypothesis supported. that provide high-quality goods and services, and CSR
activities have the potential to improve the overall image
of a company's brand. When compared to businesses that
VI. CONCLUSION
did not utilize any CSR program, companies that
This study evaluated how corporate social responsibility participated in community-related CSR programs achieved
(CSR) efforts toward products, the environment, the biggest gain in perceived quality and brand image.
employment, and community affect many aspects of brand This was one of the consequences of the four different
awareness, including perceived quality, brand awareness, types of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Donations
brand image, and brand loyalty. In addition to this, it to charitable organizations and volunteer work in the local
investigated the roles that brand size, market sector, and community are two examples of community-related CSR
identity have in determining the linkages between CSR actions that can help reduce the psychological barrier
and brand awareness in a company's operations. The between a company and its clientele. This is an effective
findings of the analysis suggest that CSR actions have a means through which a brand can differentiate itself from
beneficial effect on brand awareness. [Citation needed] In those of its competitors (Brunk, 2010; Wu and Wang,
addition, growth in a given brand awareness dimension is 2014). These kinds of activities can lead people to believe
contingent on whether or not a company engages in a that a particular company makes a contribution to the areas
particular form of CSR, taking into account the size, in which it operates, which would be beneficial to the
segment, and identity of the brand in question. The brand's reputation among both its current and potential
customers. So, CSR practices that have to do with the related CSR initiatives might provide a chance for small
community have the potential to have a big effect on how businesses to effectively improve their image.
people think of a business's brand.
According to the findings of this study, the benefits of VII. THEORETICAL CONTRIBUTIONS
CSR can be somewhat variable depending on the size,
In previous studies, CSR practices have either been
identity, and market of a company. According to the
viewed as a unidimensional variable (e.g., He and Lai,
findings of this study, a company's brand image can be
2014; Pai et al., 2015) or as predominantly being limited
improved by engaging in CSR practices that are relevant
to green practices (e.g., Namkung and Jang, 2013). This
to either the product or the community, and the size of the
study focuses on four essential aspects of corporate social
improvement is greater for smaller companies. When
responsibility (CSR) in businesses. The company is a
compared to organizations of a lesser size, larger
significant user of a variety of resources, including
businesses receive a greater amount of attention from
electricity, water, and others. In addition to this, it prevents
outside stakeholders (Burke et al., 1986), and as a result,
the wastage of products, requires a lot of labor, and plays a
they frequently make plans to build brand awareness
significant part in away-from-home items. Therefore, the
through the use of advertisements and promotions.
contribution of the sector to sustainability and the
Therefore, regardless of their level of corporate social
associated benefits ought to be understood by making use
responsibility, large businesses in our study had a high
of a CSR classification that is appropriate to the industry.
level of brand image. As a result, the potential for small
Furthermore, this research showed that different influences
businesses to improve their brand image through CSR was
on brand value dimensions have an effect, and the data
significantly greater. Additionally, communities and
suggests that the effect of CSR cannot be reduced to a
products are extremely important to small enterprises, and
single variable due to the complexity of the relationships
small firms frequently rely on the communities and
involved. This study makes another contribution by
products in their immediate vicinity. According to the
identifying brand attributes that amplify the benefits of
findings of this study, consumers prefer to place greater
CSR on brand awareness. This is an important aspect of
importance on practices of corporate social responsibility
the study. It's possible that the effect that CSR has on
(CSR) that may be easily viewed by the public, such as
brand awareness will be skewed if we don't take into
those related to products or communities. Customers may
account the moderating role that brand attributes play. For
have a difficult time seeing CSR initiatives that are related
instance, in this research, the scale of the brand and the
to the environment or employment because those actions
identity of the brand were introduced as significant
typically take place internally. This suggests that it may be
elements in the attempt to explain the relationship between
difficult for customers to correlate those practices to their
various CSR actions and brand awareness. The size of a
own lives and interests. On the other hand, they have
company's brand can frequently affect the quantity of
firsthand knowledge of both the product and the
resources that it possesses and puts to use, and it also
community services. Therefore, combining brand size and
provides additional options for commercial growth.
CSR to evaluate brand image is likely to occur in the case
"Brand identity" is an analysis of the ways in which
of product-and community-related CSR practices due to
consumers interact with and recognize a particular brand.
the fact that CSR practices are becoming increasingly
It has the potential to boost clients' purchasing behavior as
intertwined with business operations. Finally, the findings
well as give them a sense of belonging in the business. A
suggest that small brand size Businesses should focus
deeper understanding of the connection between various
more of their attention on CSR activities that are relevant
CSR practices and brand awareness was the goal of this
to both their products and the communities in which they
study, which made use of these characteristics. It is
operate in order to improve their brand image. When a
essential to keep in mind that these outcomes may be
company expands its brand, it may no longer be able to
exceptional for the company on account of the large
provide the same level of attention to its local community
proportion of business franchises relative to the overall
as it did when it was smaller. As a result, large businesses
number of businesses as well as the requirement to market
ought to center their efforts on preserving a high level of
the brand. For instance, the moderating influence of brand
product quality and advocating for an eating style that is
features may not be as evident in other industries that are
both healthy and well-balanced. In addition to this, they
less sensitive to the brand, such as those serving essentials
should prioritize the development of community services,
like health care or agricultural products. This is because
the donation of funds to regional charitable organizations,
these industries tend to place less importance on the brand.
and the procurement of goods and services from regional
In order to differentiate themselves from one another and
vendors. On the other hand, product-and community-
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these constructs were considered as parallel variables. In Empirical Investigation Among Employees Work in The
Tourist Companies in Erbil-City Kurdistan Region of
subsequent research, it might be possible to investigate the
Iraq. The Scientific Journal of Cihan University–
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this particular instance, it was possible to see how CSR of corporate social responsibility on financial expert CEOs'
efforts steadily improve brand awareness. turnover in heavily polluting companies in
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