Bimtek

Standarisasi Bahan Material dan Logam untuk

industri otomotif

Januari, 2023
 ILHAM KHOIRUL IBAD

Experience & Achievement

• 4 Years of Experience in Steel Making process

 Sr. Engineer Process & Product • 3 Years of Experience in Process & Product Development
Development
PT Krakatau Steel, Persero. Tbk” • Best Employee 2021 PT Krakatau Steel

• Awarded By CEO “Silmy Karim” for contribute cost Reduction

(111.000 USD)
1. Bechelor Degree, 10 Nopember
Institute of Technology. Material & • Speaker in “The South East Asia Iron and Steel Institute” (SEAISI)
Metallurgy E-Conference 2020

• Speaker SEAISI Steel Mega Event & Expo 2022, Selangor. Malaysia

2. Ilhamk.ibad@krakatausteel.com
2
Outline
 STEEL INDUSTRIES

 PT KS EXPERIENCE IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRIES

 STEEL SPECIFICATION FOR AUTOMOTIVE

 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT STEEL APPLICATION

FOR KAROSERI
01
STEEL
INDUSTRIES

4
 Pengenalan Besi & Baja

Besi adalah unsur kimia dengan

• Simbol Fe (dari bahasa Latin: Ferrum)
• Nomor atom 26
• Terbesar keempat penyusun kerak bumi

Bijih Besi Besi Cor

Jenis Produk Besi:
 Besi Cor atau Besi Tuang (cast iron)
 Besi Kasar (Pig Iron, Sponge Iron)

Sifat-Sifat Logam Besi :

 Mudah teroksidasi (karat)
Sponge Iron Pig Iron
 Konduktor panas & listrik yang baik
 Bahan baku melimpah di alam
 Lunak dan ulet
 Dapat berpadu harmonis dengan unsur lain (alloying element) menghasilkan
sifat-sifat unggul, yaitu menjadi logam baja
 Dalam bentuk besi cor (cast iron) mengandung fasa grafit yang getas,
sehingga besi cor cenderung kurang ulet dibandingkan baja

5
 Pengenalan Besi & Baja
Baja:
Paduan ferrous (logam berbahan dasar besi) dengan kadar unsur C (karbon) 0,008 ~ 2%,
dengan sedikit tambahan unsur-unsur paduan lain seperti Mn (Mangan), Si (Silikon),
Al (Aluminium), V (Vanadium) , Cr (kromium) ,Ti (Titanium), dan lainnya.

Baja Ringan

Jenis Produk Baja:

Baja Karbon (plain carbon), Baja Paduan Rendah (HSLA), Baja Paduan (alloy steel),
Baja Tahan Karat (stainless steel), Baja Perkakas (tool steel), dan sebagainya.
Plain Carbon Steel Stainless Steel

Sifat-Sifat Baja:
 Mudah teroksidasi (karat)
 Konduktor panas dan listrik yang baik
 Cenderung lunak dan ulet, namun menjadi lebih kuat dan keras jika berpadu dengan
unsur karbon, mangan, silikon atau paduan (alloying element) lainnya
 Dapat memiliki berbagai macam sifat-sifat yang unggul : tangguh (toughness), ulet
(ductile), keras (hardness), mampu las (weldability), mampu pengerasan (hardenable,
heat treatable), tahan aus (wear-resistance), tahan peluru (bullet-proof) Tool Steel
 Umumnya memiliki fasa ferrit, austenite, cementite, pearlite

6
 Bahan Baku Pembuatan Baja

 Pig Iron (besi pig): produk
yang dihasilkan oleh proses
peleburan bijih besi dalam
tanur tinggi (blast furnace).
 Komposisi kimianya:
Fe ~ 85-90%
C ~ 3.5 - 4%
S ~ 2 - 4%
Ash 2%
• Sponge Iron (besi
spons): produk yang
dihasilkan oleh proses
reduksi pellet bijih besi
dalam reaktor DR (direct
reduction).
• Komposisi kimianya:
Fe ~ 85-95%
C ~ 1-2%
residual 2-4% (oksida)
• Steel scrap (baja bekas): berbagai
barang bekas dan produk sisa yang
terbuat dari baja.
• Kategori:
HMS-1, HMS-2, Shredded scrap,
Wire scrap, dsb.
• Fe-Mn (Ferro Mangan): sejenis
produk ferro-alloy yang
dihasilkan dari peleburan
(smelting) MnO2 dan Fe2O3.
• Komposisi kimianya:
– Fe ~ 10-15%
– Mn ~ 85-90%
– residuals

• Fe-Si (Ferro Silikon) : produk • Fe-Cr (Ferro Krom) : produk

sejenis ferro-alloy yang sejenis ferro-alloy yang
dihasilkan dari reduksi (smelting) dihasilkan dari reduksi (smelting)
SiO2, C & scrap. Cr2O5, C dan scrap.
• Komposisi kimianya:
• Komposisi kimianya:
– Fe ~ 10-55%
– Fe ~ 30-50%
– Si ~ 45-90%
– Cr ~ 50-70%
– residuals
– residuals
7
Bahan Baku Pembuatan Baja

• Fe-Ni (Ferro Nikel): produk ferro- • Fe-V (Ferro Vanadium) : • Fe-Nb (Ferro Niobium): • Fe-Ti (Ferro Titanium) :
alloy yang dihasilkan dari proses produk sejenis ferro-alloy yang produk sejenis ferro-alloy adalah produk sejenis ferro-
melting logam nikel dan scrap. dihasilkan dari reduksi yang dihasilkan dari proses alloy yang dihasilkan dari
(smelting) V2O5, C dan scrap. aluminothermic Nb2O5, proses aluminothermic TiO2
Fe2O3 dan Al. (ilmenite), scrap Fe, dan Al.
• Komposisi kimianya: • Komposisi kimianya:
• Komposisi kimianya: • Komposisi kimianya:
– Fe ~ 30-40% – Fe ~ 25-80%
– Fe ~ 10-20% –Fe ~ 20-40%
– Nb ~ 60-70% – Ti ~ 20-75%
– Ni ~ 80-90% –V ~ 60-80%
– residuals – residuals
– residuals –residuals

This presentation has been prepared specifically by Krakatau Steel. The content of this presentation may not be used, duplicated or transmitted in any form without the written consent from Krakatau Steel. All rights reserved. 8
Outlook National Steel Industries
MINING ORE IRON MAKING STEELMAKING HOT COLD FINISHED PRODUCT End Use
DRESSING & CASTING FORMING FORMING

Bloom Heavy Profile Rail Rail way

Round Billet Seamless Pipe Oil & Gas

Iron Ore Sponge
Iron Ore
Concentrate Iron PC-Wire, Wire Rope,
Billet Wire Rod Wire Building
Hot Bricket Electrode Wire
Iron
Rod, Bolt, Nut Automotive
Hot Metal
Profile & Deformed
Pig Iron Bar Bar Construction

Scrap Shaft Bar

Agriculture
Hot Rolled GI-Sheet, Tin plate,
Iron Iron Sand Reduced Cold Rolled
Slab Coil Galvanum Coated-
Sand Concentrate Iron Sand Coil Ship
Sheet
Plate, Welded-Pipe &
Iron/Steel Profile Electronic
Ni-Ore Ni-Calcine Fe-Nickel Plate
Cast Casing
Plate, Welded-Pipe &
Profile
Chrom Chrom Sand Stainless Stainless Stainless Defense
Fe-Chrom
Sand Concentrate Steel Slab Steel HRC Steel CRC Stainless Steel Sheet
Household
Stainless Stainless Stainless Steel Rod,
Steel Billet Steel Rod/Bar Shaft Bar
Health

available PT KS Available in Indonesia Not Available in Indonesia Packaging

Food 10
Production Facilities & Capacities
Raw materials Semi-finished Finished
Raw materials Ironmaking Steelmaking Casting Hot roilling Downstream
preparation products products

PT KP slab /
HSM 2 Hot rolled coil (HRC)
imports
1.5 mtpa
Coke battery Blast furnace
(BF) Pickling line

Coking coal 0.95 mtpa

0.48 mtpa HSM 1 Hot rolled pickled
2.4 mtpa and oiled
Sinter line 1.2 mtpa (HRPO)
\
Electric arc
Iron ore furnace (EAF) Slab caster CRM 1
Pellets, lump, 1.78 mtpa Cold rolled coil
fines
(CRC)
0.8 mtpa
2.4 mtpa
2.2 mtpa Slab

Wire rod mill

DRI making Electric arc
furnace (EAF) Billet caster
Natural gas

Wire rod
Billet 0.45 mtpa
Iron ore pellets 1.7 mtpa
0.6 mtpa 0.6 mtpa

Scrap, Grain
shots Billet import

This presentation has been prepared specifically by Krakatau Steel. The content of this presentation may not be used duplicated or transmitted in any form without the written consent from Krakatau Steel. All rights reserved.
 Production Process (Automotive)
 Penyesuaian komposisi kimia
dilakukan di steel making
Steel making Process process termasuk cleanliness
steel practice
Very clean steel --> S,P,O,N (total
maximum 100 ppm)

 KS Supply condition HSS

S=60 ppm
 Clean steel hanya dapat di
lakukan dengan fasilitas
secondary metallurgy LF & RH

Hot Rolling Process

 Hot Rolling menggunakan
Reheating Vertical Edger & Crop Finishing Mill Laminar Cooling Down Coiler
Furnace Roughing Mill Shear
technology Thermo Mechanical
Control Process
 Untuk HSS Design chemical
menggunakan Microalloy
Niobium dan Titanium untuk
meningkatkan sifat mekaniknya

12
Steel Product – Krakatau Steel
HOT ROLLED COIL / PLATE COLD ROLLED COIL / SHEET WIRE ROD

CAPACITY : 3,9 mtpy CAPACITY : 0,85 mtpy CAPACITY : 0,45 mtpy

DIMENSION DIMENSION DIMENSION
Thickness : 1,4 – 25,0 mm Thickness : 0,2 – 3,0 mm Diameter : 5,5 – 20.0 mm
Width : 600 – 2000 mm Width : 620 – 1250 mm

APPLICATION APPLICATION APPLICATION

 Oil & Gas Pipes  General Purposes  General Wire & Nail
 Boiler & Pressure Vessels  Galvanized & Galvalum Sheet  Bolt & Nut
 Gas Cylinders/LPG Bottle  Pipe & tubes  High Carbon Application
 General & Welded Structures  Automotive Body & Part  Electrode Wire
 Ship Plate & Tubes  Tin Mill Black Plates  Shafting Bar
 Weathering Corrosion Resistant Steel  Enameled Wares  Grinding Ball
 Containers  Steel Frame Housing  Spring
 Heavy Duty Vehicle  Home & Office Appliances  Spoke Wire
 Drum

This presentation has been prepared specifically by Krakatau Steel. The content of this presentation may not be used duplicated or transmitted in any form without the written consent from Krakatau Steel. All rights reserved.
 History of steel development PT KS
Current Development (Automotive)
 Toyota  590 Mpa Class (HRPO) --> Success first step
 HINO  620 Mpa Class (HRC) --> on going
1990
HSLA Steel
1985
 High Strength
Low-Medium Strength  Good Toughness
(Mild Steel)  Good Weldability
 Good
Ductility/Formability
Application  Good Corrosion
 General Construction Resistance
 Rerolling
Application
 General and Welded
Construction up to 490 Mpa
Class
 Boiler and pressure vessel
 Oil & Gas line pipe up to 65
Class
 Weathering Steel
 Interstitial free steel
2021-Now
2010 HSLA Steel , TMCP, acc
cooling, microstructural
monitoring system, Dual
TMCP, Accelerated
2000 Phase
cooling, microstructural
HSLA Steel with monitoring system  Reduced alloyed elements
 Improved Mechanical
Thermo-mechanical
controlled, Quenched & Properties
 Reduced alloyed elements  Improved Toughness
Tempered Steel
 Improved Mechanical  Improved Wear
 Improved Mechanical Properties Reasistance
Properties  Improved Toughness  Special purposes
 Improved Toughness  Improved Wear  DP Steel
 Improved Wear Reasistance
Reasistance  Special purposes
Application
 Special purposes
 Fire resistant steel
Application  General and Welded
Application Construction up to 590 Mpa
 Fire resistant steel
 General and Welded  General and Welded Class
Construction up to 590 Mpa Construction up to 590 Mpa  Oil & Gas line pipe up to 80
Class Class Class
 Oil & Gas line pipe up to 80  Oil & Gas line pipe up to 80  Oil & gas line pipe X65 for sour
Class Class condition
 Oil & gas line pipe X60 for  Oil & gas line pipe X65 for  Wear plate with stregth up to
sour condition sour condition 1000 Mpa
 Wear plate with stregth up  Wear plate with stregth up to  Automotive up to 650 Class
to 1000 MPa 1000 MPa  Dual Phase 600 14
TMCP dan Unsur pemadu (alloy) yang digunakan
untuk Membuat baja HSS 1. Ti
• Membentuk TiN yang sulit larut dan
digunakan untuk penghalus butiran
(grain refinement)
• Proses presipitasinya terjadi pada saat
proses sekunder (steelmaking)
• Membentuk TiC dengan kelarutan
medium dan digunakan untuk
penguatan presipitasi (precipitation
hardening)
2. Nb
• Membentuk NbC dan NbN dengan
kelarutan medium dan digunakan untuk
penguatan presipitasi (precipitation
hardening)
• Proses presipitasinya terjadi pada saat
Tnr (º C )  887  464C  363 Al  357 Si  6445 Nb  644 Nb  732V  230 V ..........(Boratto Equation) rolling di finishing
Ar 3(º C )  910  310 C  80 Mn  20Cu  15Cr  55 Ni  80 Mo  0.35(t  8)..........(Ouchi Equation)
• Digunakan pula sebagai penghalus
butiran (grain refinement)
TMCP (Thermo-Mechanical Control Process) technology was developed in Japan in the 3. V
1980’s.
• Membentuk VC yang mudah larut dan
presitipasinya terjadi saat telah menjadi
Thermo-mechanical control process (TMCP) is one of microstructural control coil penguatan presipitasi (precipitation
techniques, combining controlled rolling and controlled cooling, to obtain excellent hardening)
properties of steel • Membentuk VN dengan kelarutan
medium dan presipitasinya terjadi saat
TMCP was originally developed to meet demands for efficiency and a reduction in rolling di finishing
operating costs in line pipe for oil and gas because TMCP Steel are high strength,
15
excellent toughness and good weldability
Metallography &
Bending Ability
Grain size: very fine and uniform
Lab Metallography PTKS
 Steel have a good quality with high strength, good toughness and
weldability
Picture: Microstructure TMCP thickness 12,7 mm at ¼ thickness fine ferrite ASTM No. 11.5 - 13

180° Pengujian Bending

test pada material
TMCP (no Crack)

16
Contribution Micro Alloy Nb & V in
Properties of steel

Niobium

Role of Nb & V
• Ferrite grain refinement with Nb.
• Precipitation strengthening
contribution from V

Penggunaan material Nb meskipun price/Kg jauh lebih

1 100 Mpa tinggi dari Mn, Cr, Cu dan silicon namun efeknya sangat
Dalam 0,02% Nb besar sehingga digunakan massive untuk HSS
Vanadium
2 60 Mpa Penggunaan material V sebagai precipitation
strengthening untuk menambah strength sesuai
Dalam 0,02% V 17
kebutuhan
Thermo-Mechanical Control Process – Advantages of TMCP
Some Advantages of TMCP Rolling are:
 Reducing the use of alloying elements
 Reducing or even eliminating the heat treatment process after rolling so that the production
lead time is faster
 Produces steel plates with better toughness and formability
 Has a lower Carbon Equivalent Value than Quech-tempered steel plates:
 Improve weldability
 Improves toughness in the HAZ area

18
02
PT KS
EXPERIENCE IN
AUTOMOTIVE
INDUSTRIES
19
Kendaraan mobil tersusun atas beragam jenis material (logam dan non
logam) sesuai dengan fungsi dimana penggunaan logam sangat dominan

a. Material kendaraan bermotor tahun 1977

Sumber: IRJET; Volume: 07 Issue: 08 | Aug 2020

Material yang digunakan pada body kendaraan

Logam merupakan komponen dengan tonase paling berat pada

kendaraan sekitar 80%, sehingga improvement pada mechanical
properties & dimensi part yang menggunakan material logam
akan dapat menurunkan bobot kendaraan dan harus tanpa
menurunkan standard safety-nya.
b. Historikal komposisi material penyusun kendaraan bermotor
20
Sumber: International Journal of Materials Engineering 2018, 8(3): 40-54; Archives of Foundry Engineering · June 2015, DOI: 10.1515/afe-2015-0042
 Steel Classification
Berdasarkan sifat
mekaniknya

IF Steel : Intertitial Free Steel dengan C < 60 ppm (ultra deep drawing quality)
CMn+ : Baja Karbon biasa
Mild Steel : Tensile strength of 400 Mpa dan carbon content of 0.05%-0.25%
HSLA : higher tensile strengths of up to 800 Mpa

DP Steel : Dual Phase ( Ferritic + Martensit / Bainite)

TRIP : Residual austenite dengan jumlah alloying element ± 3,5%
MS : Martensitic Steel dengan sedikit ferrit/bainite
Austenitic SS : Stainless steel dengan fasa austenite dalam temp kamar, Type 3xx
11.268 Unit
 PT KS Steel Supply for Domestic Automotive Market

100.000

90.000
93.977
81.065
 PT KS Supply year to year
sudah berlangsung sangat
80.000
Pandemi Covid 19
lama baik produk HRC, HRPO
70.000 dan CRC dimana produk
55.557
60.000
56.930
tebanyak adalah HRPO
45.156
50.000 41.532

40.000 29.247 27.898  Sales Volume tahun 2020

30.000 40.945 19.703
24.547 sangat terkontraksi akibat
13.593
15.817
pandemic COVID 19
20.000

10.000 174 16.933

168
8.441 8.353
0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 in tones

HRC HRPO CRC

22
 PT KS’s Supply for Domestic Automotive Segment
A. Automotive Structure
A. AUTOMOTIVE STRUCTURE PARTS
• Material : HR & HRPO
• Specification Chassis Parts (Side Rail, Cross Member, etc)
HR : 370 – 620 tensile strength class
HRPO : 370 – 440 (590 dev) tensile strength class
• Product requirements :
 Medium-High Strength
 Excellent in formabality
 Good impact and fatigue resistance
 Good surface appearance (painting)
B. Automotive Parts
• Material : HR, HRPO, CRC B. AUTOMOTIVE PARTS
• Specification
HR : 270 – 440 tensile strength class Inner Parts (Frame, Reinforce, Pillar, Panel, etc)
HRPO : 270 – 440 tensile strength class
CR : 270 - 440 tensile strength class
• Product requirements :
 Low-Medium strength
 Good weldability and formability
 Excellent in formability and drawability
 Good flatness and stiffness
C. Automotive Pipe & Tube C. AUTOMOTIVE PIPE & TUBE
• Material : HR, HRPO, CRC
• Specification Pipe & Tube Components (Chassis, Strir, etc)
HR : 270 – 590 tensile strength class
HRPO : 270 – 440 tensile strength class
CR : 270 - 440 tensile strength class
• Product requirements :
 Low-High Strength
 Excellent in formability and weldability
 Good appearance (painting)
This presentation has been prepared specifically by Krakatau Steel. The content of this presentation may not be used duplicated or transmitted in any form without the written consent from Krakatau Steel. All rights reserved.
Peluang & Tantangan PT KS dalam support industri otomotif
Automotive Steel Industries

Low Quantity Order High Volume Production

Jumlah order dalam satu ukuran
yang sama rendah.
Banyak Varian Size
Mempunyai variasi ukuran yang
banyak dan tidak populer untuk
order selain automotive.
High Quality
Mempunyai banyak requirement
khusus termasuk material
approval untuk part tertentu .
Trend Market
High Tensile & lower thickness dimana hal
tersebut mampu menurunkan berat
kendaraan dan effisensi bahan bakar .
Industri baja mempunyai kapasitas besar dimana
dalam satu kali memasak akan lebih effisien jika
Volumenya 2000-3000MT / Size/Spec.
Limit Size
Industri baja mempunyai batasan size yang dapat
diproduksi sehingga banyaknya variasi size lebar
akan mempersulit pemenuhan kebutuhan industri
automotive
Riject rate
Risiko terjadinya NG akan lebih tinggi
dibandingkan order dari segment lain seperti
general structure
Continuous Development
Untuk memenuhi trend market dibutuhkan
development secara berkesinambungan

Repeat Order 24
03
STEEL
SPECIFICATION FOR
AUTOMOTIVE

25
HRC Steel Grade

SEGMEN SPESIFIKASI

JIS G 3113 SAPH310-440, JIS G 3134 SPFH490-590, JIS G 3131 SPHC, SPHD, SPHE
Automotive
HSAPH540, KSAPH540, HSAPH620
Boiler, Pressure Vessel & ASTM A53 Grade B, ASTM A252 Grade 1-3, ASTM A283 Grade A-D, ASTM A285 Grade A-C, ASTM A515 Grade 70,
Gas Cylinder ASTM A516 Grade 70, JIS G 3116 SG255, SG295

API 5CT H40, J55, K55, API 5L Grade A, Grade BM, Grade BN,
Oil & Gas Pipe
API 5L X42-X80 (PSL1 and PSL2), ASTM A139, DNV 485, DNV OS F101 Grade 450

Pipe & Tube JIS G 3232 SPHT1-4, SPHK1, SPHK2, KSA29H, KSA37H, KSA39H, MPW1, MPW2, MP38

AS/NZ 1594 HA250, HA350, ASTM A36, A242 Grade 2, A284 Grade C-D, A570 Grade 30-50,
General & Welded A572 Grade 42-55, A573 Grade 70, BSEN S235-355 (J0, JR, J2), MS ENS235-355, DIN 17100 ST37-ST52,JIS G 3101
Structure SS330-540, JIS G 3106 SM400-SM570 (A,B,C), JIS G 3136 SN400B, SN490B,
SNI 07 0601 BJPC, BJPS,

ABS (A, AH32, AH36), BKI (Grade A, B, A32, A36), BV (Grade A & B), DNV (Grade A),
Shipbuilding
GL (Grade A & B), LR (Grade A), NKK (Grade A, A32, A36)

Reroll SAE 1006-1026, BSEN 10111 DD11, ASTM A1006-1012

Container &
CORTEN A-C, JIS G 3125 SPAH, BTKC Grade A, Grade B, Grade C
Weathering Corrosion

Floor Plate Checker Plate

26
PT KS Steel Supply for Domestic Automotive Market
AUTOMAKER MODEL/TYPE SPEC MATL KET SIZE
SPC270C CR GEN Thickness = 0.20 – 3.00 mm, Width = 620 – 1250 mm
SPC270D CR DRAW Thickness = 0.40 – 2.00 mm, Width = 620 – 1250 mm
DYNA
SPH270COD PO DRAW Thickness = 1.40 – 5.70 mm, Width = 620 – 1250 mm
SPH440OD PO GEN Thickness = 2.30 – 5.70 mm, Width = 620 – 1250 mm
SAPH440 HR GEN Thickness = 2.30 – 25.00 mm, Width = 850 – 2060 mm

HINO
SAPH490HY HR HSS Thickness = 2.30 – 25.00 mm, Width = 850 – 2060 mm  PT KS mampu mensupply
HSAPH540 HR HSS Thickness = 2.30 – 25.00 mm, Width = 850 – 2060 mm
material HRC, HRPO dan CRC
SPFH620 HR HSS Under Development
ISUZU TRUCK SPFH540 HR HSS Thickness = 2.30 – 25.00 mm, Width = 850 – 2060 mm kepada berbagai macam
KSAPH540 HR HSS Thickness = 2.30 – 25.00 mm, Width = 850 – 2060 mm Automaker domestic
MERCEDES DBLE380 HR GEN Thickness = 2.30 – 25.00 mm, Width = 850 – 2060 mm
DBLE500 HR HSS Thickness = 2.30 – 25.00 mm, Width = 850 – 2060 mm

MITSUBISHI
SAPH400 HR GEN Thickness = 2.30 – 25.00 mm, Width = 850 – 2060 mm  High strength steel dibutuhkan
SAPH440 HR GEN Thickness = 2.30 – 25.00 mm, Width = 850 – 2060 mm
untuk material HRC dan HRPO
VSHR350 HR GEN Thickness = 2.30 – 25.00 mm, Width = 850 – 2060 mm
VOLVO VSHR490 HR HSS Thickness = 2.30 – 25.00 mm, Width = 850 – 2060 mm (Automotive structure). Selain
SAPH540-V HR HSS Thickness = 2.30 – 25.00 mm, Width = 850 – 2060 mm itu ada produk yang
SPC270C CR GEN Thickness = 0.20 – 3.00 mm, Width = 620 – 1250 mm membutuhkan drawability
SPC270D CR DRAW Thickness = 0.40 – 2.00 mm, Width = 620 – 1250 mm
TOYOTA
SPH270COD PO DRAW Thickness = 1.40 – 5.70 mm, Width = 620 – 1250 mm
agar mudah dibentuk
MPV SPH440OD PO GEN Thickness = 2.30 – 5.70 mm, Width = 620 – 1250 mm
SPFH590 HRPO HSS Under Development
NISSAN SP121BQ CR GEN Thickness = 0.40 – 2.00 mm, Width = 620 – 1250 mm
DAIHATSU SPC270D CR DRAW Thickness = 0.40 – 2.00 mm, Width = 620 – 1250 mm
HONDA JSC270C PO GEN Thickness = 0.20 – 3.00 mm, Width = 620 – 1250 mm
MPV
HYUNDAI SAPH440 PO GEN Thickness = 2.30 – 5.70 mm, Width = 620 – 1250 mm
YAMAHA Motor Cycle YSH270C PO GEN Thickness = 1.40 – 5.70 mm, Width = 620 – 1250 mm
27
 Specification Steel for Automotive
Comparation with General structure

Automotive structure (SAPH)

General Structure (SS) Improved Formability (SPFH)

Available Class Available Class

1 4 Available Class 1 4 • SAPH 310
5 • SPFH 490
Class • SS 330 Class Class
• SS 400 Most Popular Spec • SAPH 370 • SPFH 540 & 540Y
• SS 490 • SAPH 400 • SPFH 590 & 590Y
SS 400 • SAPH 440
• SS 540

2 Size “No Limit in Thickness” 2 Size (Thick : 1,6 -14 mm) Size (Thick 1,6- 6 mm)

3 Chemical Composition 3 Chemical Composition

Material C max Mn max S max P max Material C max Mn max S max P max

SS 330 – 490 - - 0,05 0,05 SAPH - - 0,04 0,04

SS 540 0,3 1,6 0,04 0,04 SPFH - - - -

4 Mechanical 4 Mechanical
Material Ys Ts Elo t<5 Elo t:5-40 Material Ys Ts Elo t<5 Elo t:5-14

SS 400 235 Min 400-510 21 % 17 % SAPH 400 235 Min 400 min 31 % 36 %

SS 540 400 Min 540 Min 16 % 13 % SPFH 540 355 Min 540 Min 23 % 24 %28
04
Research & Development Steel
application for Karoseri

29
Overload pada baja yang digunakan
untuk automotive structure
Fatigue

UNSAFE

SAFE

 Berdasarkan berbagai literature salah satunya ASTM, typical Steel

Apa yang terjadi pada baja ketika menerima beban Endurance limit adalah ½ Tensile Strength, dimana hal ini
menunjukan adanya beban yang melebihi ½ Tensile strength
berlebih ??? mampu menyebabkan inisiasi crack dan kegagalan ketika
Beban
dilakukan berulang kali

Safety Factor

Beban Kompresi 30
Beban Tarik
Material Selection Mengurangi beban over load
Automotive Structure (SAPH)
Improved Formability (SPFH)
• High Strength Steel
• Excellence in Formability
> • Low Crack Sensitization
• Better Surface Quality
• Good weldability
• Good Impact and Fatigue
Resistance
• Improved Structure Design
General Structure (SS)
• Medium Strength Steel
• Good in Formability
> • Good weldability
Automtive Structure
Automotive Structure
• Menggunakan Automotive structure high
grade
• Mengurangi berat dengan cara mereduksi
thickness structure
• Melakukan Redesign Kendaraan
Automotive non Structure
• Pemilihan material dengan Densitas dan
kekuatan yang sesuai
• Optimalisasi design
• dll
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 Item list Research HSS aplikasi Karoseri

1. Penjelasan Process
pembuatan kendaraan Standarisasi penggunaan
2. Penjelasan inspeksi baja pada karoseri
Kualitas
3. Penjelasan Prosedur
1. Penjelasan Process welding dan
pengujiannya 1. Trial produksi baja HSS
& Product Capability
4. Penjelasan dengan standard kualitas baik
2. Penjelasan Teknologi
penggunaan standard 2. Pembuatan design karoseri
TMCP
SNI atau Sejenisnya yang baru (kerjasama
3. Product Baja aplikasi
5. Pengambilan sample Kedaireka)
automotive structure
1. Pemaparan masalah yang 3. Penggunaan baja sesuai
4. Penjelasan
sering terjadi (Study Kasus) prosedur yang baik
experience KS dalam
2. Pemaparan hasil 4. Pengujian safety kendaraan
industri automotive
investigasi material existing 5. Penentuan Hasil
Now 3. Diskusi process produksi
karoseri yang safety
(termasuk welding)
4. Diskusi penyusunan aturan
baja Karoseri
5. Menyepakati aturan bahan
32
baku baja karoseri
Thank you