TEGANGAN
TARGET
2
PENGANTAR MEKANIKA BAHAN
3
PENGANTAR MEKANIKA BAHAN
4
• Tujuannya untuk
menentukan tegangan
menentukan regangan
menentukan peralihan (defleksi /lendutan vertikal,
horizontal dan rotasi / putaran sudut) pada
struktur
dan komponen-komponennya akibat beban-beban
yang bekerja padanya
5
• Bila kita dapat memperoleh besaran-besaran ini
untuk semua harga beban
• Maka kita akan dapat mempunyai gambaran
mengenai perilaku mekanis pada struktur
tersebut yang mana penting untuk desain yang
aman bagi semua jenis struktur
6
• Itu sebabnya mekanika bahan adalah materi dasar
pada begitu banyak cabang ilmu teknik
7
Edition
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf
Concept of Stress
• Types of Stress
• – Normal stress: internal forces acting
perpendicular to a given cross-sectional area
• – Shear stress: internal forces acting parallel
to a given cross- sectional area
A change from Statics
– The basic assumption of Statics: bodies are rigid
and do not deform under a mechanical load
– The basic assumption of Strength of
Materials: bodies are not rigid and do deform
under a mechanical load
Stress Analysis
Loading
Stress
Geometry
Review of Statics
• Results:
A = 40 kN → C x = 40 kN C y = 30 kN
Method of Joints
• The boom and rod are 2-force members, i.e.,
the members are subjected to only two forces
which are applied at member ends
Stress Analysis
Can the structure safely support the 30 kN
load?
• From a statics analysis
FAB = 40 kN (compression)
FBC = 50 kN (tension)
Design
• Design of new structures requires selection of
appropriate materials and component dimensions
to meet performance requirements
• For reasons based on cost, weight, availability,
etc., the choice is made to construct the rod from
aluminum (all= 100 MPa). What is an
appropriate choice for the rod diameter?
P P 50 103 N
all = A= = = 500 10− 6 m 2
A all 100 106 Pa
d2
A=
4
d=
4A
=
(
4 500 10− 6 m 2 ) = 2.52 10−2 m = 25.2 mm
Shearing Stress
• Forces P and P’ are applied transversely to the
member AB.
• Corresponding internal forces act in the plane
of section C and are called shearing forces.
• The resultant of the internal shear force
distribution is defined as the shear of the section
and is equal to the load P.
• The corresponding average shear stress is,
P
ave =
A
• Shear stress distribution varies from zero at the
member surfaces to maximum values that may be
much larger than the average value.
• The shear stress distribution cannot be assumed to
be uniform.
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 - 21
Edition
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf
P F P F
ave = = ave = =
A A A 2A
Bearing stress
P
A= where (σ b )allowable is the allowable bearing stress of the weaker material
( b ) allowable
P 50 103 N
BC ,end = = = 167 MPa
A 300 10− 6 m 2
Maximum Stresses
• Normal and shearing stresses on an oblique
plane
P P
= cos 2 q = sin q cos q
A0 A0
V yx Vzx
xy = lim xz = lim
A→0 A A→0 A
State of Stress
• Stress components are defined for the planes
cut parallel to the x, y and z axes. For
equilibrium, equal and opposite stresses are
exerted on the hidden planes.
• The combination of forces generated by the
stresses must satisfy the conditions for
equilibrium:
Fx = Fy = Fz = 0
Mx = My = Mz = 0
• Consider the moments about the z axis:
M z = 0 = ( xy A)a − ( yx A)a
xy = yx
similarly, yz = zy and yz = zy
Factor of Safety