Politeknik ATI Padang

Warehouse vs
Plant/ Factory
NOFAN HADI AHMAD ST., MT
2021
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Our Vision
PRIMUS INTER PARES

Pabrik (plant atau factory) adalah tempat di mana

faktor-faktor industri seperti manusia, alat,
material, energi uang (modal/capital), informasi

Definition dan sumber daya alam (tanah, air, mineral, dan

lain-lain) dikelola bersama-sama dalam suatu
sistem produksi guna menghasilkan suatu produk
atau jasa secara efektif, efisien, dan aman

(Pustaka Serpong, 2008)

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Klasifikasi Industri

1. Industri Penghasil Bahan Baku

(extractive/primary industry)
 Industri dengan aktivitas produksi mengolah sumber daya alam guna
menghasilkan bahan baku maupun bahan tambahan lainnya yang
dibutuhkan oleh industri penghasil produk atau jasa. Contoh : industri
perminyakan, industri pengolahan bijih besi, dan lainlain

2. Industri Manufaktur (The Manufacturing

Industries)
 Industri yang memproses bahan baku guna dijadikan bermacam-macam
bentuk/model produk, baik yang masih berupa produk setengah jadi
(semi finished good) ataupun produk jadi (finished goods product). Di sini
akan terjadi transformasi proses – baik secara fisik maupun kimiawi –
terhadap input material dan akan memberi nilai tambah terhadap
material tersebut. Contoh : industri permesinan, industri mobil, dan lain-
lain
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Klasifikasi Industri (Con’t)

3. Industri Penyalur (Distribution Industries)

 Industri yang berfungsi untuk melaksanakan pelayanan jasa industri baik
untuk bahan baku maupun finished goods product. Di sini bahan baku
ataupun bahan setengah jadi akan didistribusikan dari produsen yang lain
dan dari produsen ke konsumen. Operasi kegiatan akan meliputi aktivitas
pembelian dan penjualan, penyimpanan, sorting, grading, packaging dan
moving goods (transportasi).

4. Industri Pelayanan / Jasa (Service Industries)

 Industri yang bergerak di bidang pelayanan atau jasa, baik untuk
melayani dan menunjang aktivitas industri yang lain maupun langsung
memberikan pelayanan/jasa kepada konsumen. Contoh : Bank, jasa
angkutan, asuransi, rumah sakit, hotel, dan lain-lain.
Our Vision
PRIMUS INTER PARES 5
A warehouse should be viewed as a temporary place
to store inventory and as a buffer in supply chains.
It serves, as a static unit – in the main – matching
product availability to consumer demand and as
Definition such has a primary aim which is to facilitate the
movement of goods from suppliers to customers,
meeting demand in a timely and cost-effective
manner.

VAN DEN BERG, 2013

About WAREHOUSE REQUIREMENT
 ROLE OF WAREHOUSE
There are many different roles for a warehouse in today’s supply chain. As can
1. Raw Material Storage
be seen in above, warehouses can be operated by raw materials suppliers, These warehouses store raw
materials and components
component and finished goods manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and either close to the point of
extraction or close to the
companies involved in reverse logistics. The warehouses can be owner
manufacturing point. Raw
operated or subcontracted to third-party logistics providers. These warehouses materials must be held in
order to ensure continuous
fulfil the following roles: production. These materials
include plastics, precious
metals, sand, aggregates, etc.

2. Intermediate, postponement, customization or sub-

assembly facilities
These warehouses are used to store products
temporarily at different stages in production. These
centres are also used to customize products before
final delivery to the customer.
3. Finished goods storage
These warehouses are used to store products
temporarily at different stages in production. These
centres are also used to customize products before
final delivery to the customer.
 ROLE OF WAREHOUSE Con’t
4. Consolidation centres and transit warehouses
Consolidation centres receive products from different
sources and amalgamate them for onward delivery to
the customer or onto a production line. This can
include just-in-time centres where automotive parts
are delivered to a warehouse where they are brought
together and sequenced for delivery onto the
production line.
5. Transhipment or break-bulk centres
Transhipment centres receive products in large
quantities from suppliers and break them down into
manageable quantities for onward delivery to various
locations.
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6. Cross-dock centres
Cross-dock centres are seen as being the future for
warehousing. Efficient consumer response and quick
response within retail require operations to be able to
move goods quickly through the supply chain. Cross
docking requires deliveries into these centres to be
already labelled and ready for onward delivery. Here
the items are identified and consolidated with other
deliveries, ready for despatch. Items should remain in
the warehouse for as short a time as possible. Same-
day receipt and despatch is the target.
 ROLE OF WAREHOUSE Con’t
7. Sortation centres
Sortation centres are used in the main by letter, parcel
and pallet distribution companies. Goods are collected
from all parts of the country, delivered into hubs or
sortation centres, sorted by zip or post code,
consolidated and delivered overnight to their
respective distribution areas for onward delivery.
8. Fulfilment centres
The growth of e-retailing has seen an increase in the
number of customer fulfilment centres. These
warehouses have been designed and equipped
specifically to manage large volumes of small orders
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9. Reverse logistics centres
The growth of e-retailing and specific
environmental legislation such as the European
Union’s Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive (2007) has compelled companies to
focus time and energy on reverse logistics. Today,
companies recognize that returning product to stock
or disposing of it quickly can positively affect cash
flow.
As a result, a number of warehouses have
been set up specifically to deal with returned items.
Third-party contractors are providing a service to
retailers where customers return unwanted or
defective items to the stores; the items are then
consolidated and sent to the returns centre, where
they are checked and either repackaged, repaired,
recycled or disposed of.
ROLE OF WAREHOUSE Con’t
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10. Public sector warehousing
Outside the commercial world there are also
warehouse operations which support the public
sector, armed forces and the third sector.
The increasing number of natural disasters
such as earthquakes, droughts and tsunamis is
resulting in third-sector organizations opening up
warehouses in strategic locations across the globe.
This ensures that they are closer to the disaster areas
and thus able to react quicker.
Other public sector warehouses will store
supplies for local government facilities such as
schools and offices. Products will include stationery,
uniforms, furniture, computer hardware and software,
etc.
WAREHOUSE OF AMAZONE
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AGV

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Why do
we hold Our experience
shall
solve your problems
stock!
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Positive? Negative?

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一 三
 Trade-off between
transport and shipping
costs, justifying larger
 Uncertain and erratic shipments  Discounts via bulk
demand patterns buying
 The ability to move product
 Suppliers of ice cream,  The possibility of reducing the unit
in large quantities tends to
suntan lotion, umbrellas rate through buying in greater
attract lower costs per unit.
and the like will quantities is always an attractive
The trade-off here is
potentially experience proposition for buyers. This can,
between the cost of storing
erratic demand patterns however, have a negative effect
additional units compared
based on the overall if the company fails to sell
with the higher cost of
changeability of the all of the additional units
transport for smaller,
weather purchased or has to sell at a loss
groupage-type deliveries.
to clear the warehouse.

Positive? Negative?
四
 Distance between
manufacturer and the
end consumer
 As mentioned earlier, the distance
finished stock has to travel today
requires a greater amount of stock to
be held in the warehouse. Lead times
can be anything between four and
eight weeks depending on the
manufacturer’s location. The trade-off
here is between more expensive local
suppliers and producers and increased
costs in transport and inventory
holding costs.
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五 六
 Cover for production
 Ability to increase shutdowns
production runs  Many manufacturing companies and
 Changing or adjusting sectors continue to shut down their
production lines in order to operations for vacations, machine
accommodate changes in maintenance and stock counts. As a
models, colour, design result retailers and wholesalers need
features, etc is expensive. to build up stock prior to the shutdown
The longer the production period to ensure stock availability for
run, the lower the cost per their customers. Manufacturers will
unit to produce. However, also build 14 Warehouse Management
the trade-off here is up a stock of components to ensure
between the lower cost per that their production lines are not
unit versus the additional brought to a standstill as a result of
cost per unit for storage. supplier shutdowns.
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Make the world
go round
together!
Yes, we can do that