Warehousing and storage

TML3363 -WAREHOUSING FOR LOGISTCS

SLIDE 3
Type of Warehousing
KATEGORI GUDANG BERLESEN
(BONDED)
Gudang berlesen yang terdapat di Negara ini terdiri daripada
kategori-kategori berikut:-
 Gudang Berlesen Awam (GBA)
 Gudang Berlesen Persendirian (GBP)
 Gudang Berlesen PEKEMA
 Gudang Berlesen Petroleum (Petroleum)
 Gudang Berlesen Awam (Petroleum)
 Gudang Berlesen Persendirian (Petroleum
Aktiviti-aktiviti yang dibenarkan
 Penggudangan barang-barang yang berduti / bercukai dan
barang-barang yang duti belum dibayar
 Pecah Pukal (Break Bulk)
 Pembungkusan Semula (repacking)
 Penandaan Semula (Relabeling)
 Jual Beli (Devending)
 Penggabungan (Consolidation)
 Perdagangan Enterpor (entrepot)
Gudang Berlesen Awam (GBA)
 Menyimpan barangan pelanggan yang berduti/cukai belum bayar
 Sekurang-kurangnya memiliki 30% ekuiti bumiputra
 Modal berbayar untuk pemyimpanan barangan kritikal RM 1 Juta
dan barangan bukan kritikal RM 250,000
 Keluasan premis untuk menyimpan barangan kritikal 4645.15
meter persegi / 28000m3 isipadu atau 20000 kaki
persegi. Keluasan premis untuk menyimpan barangan bukan
kritikal adalah 1858.06 meter persegi, 20,000 kaki persegi atau
12,000 m3 (cubic meter) isipadu
 Lulus tapisan keselamatan
 Jaminan Bank dari jumlah purata bulanan bagi tempoh setahun ke
atas duti/cukai yang terlibat
 Gudang Berlesen Persendirian (GBP)
 Menyimpan barangan sendiri yang duti/cukai belum dibayar
 Modal Berbayar sekurang-kurangnya RM 150,000 bagi penyimpanan
barangan kritikal dan untuk barangan bukan kritikal adalah sekurang-
kurangnnya RM100,000.
 Nilai barangan yang disimpan dalam satu(1) tahun sekurang-kurangnya RM
5 juta bagi barangan kritikal dan RM 2 juta untuk barangan bukan kritikal.
 Kelonggaran syarat ke atas nilai barangan yang simpan dalam setahun
diberikan kepada Gudang Berlesen yang memenuhi salah satu ciri atau
keadaan berikut:-
-GBP yang tedapat di Bandar kecil di mana tidak ada kemudahan
Gudang Berlesen Awam
-GBP untuk bekalan kapal (ship chandliry) di Pelaburan yang tidak
mempunyai kemudahan GBA.
 10% Jaminan Bank dari jumlah purata bulanan bagi tempoh setahun ke atas
duti/cukai yang terlibat
Gudang Berlesen PEKEMA

 Menyimpan kenderaan import yang duti/cukai belum

berbayar
 100% Bumiputera dan disahkan sebagai ahli PERKEMA
 Lulus tapisan keselamatan
 Bon Am diperlukan
Gudang Berlesen Awam (Petroleum)
 Menyimpan petroleum /diesel oleh pelanggan yang berduti/cukai
belum dibayar
 Sekurang-kurangnya memiliki 30% ekuiti bumiputra
 Modal berbayar untuk pemyimpanan barangan kritikal RM 1 Juta
dan barangan bukan kritikal RM 250,000
 Keluasan premis untuk menyimpan barangan kritikal 4645.15
meter persegi / 28000m3 isipadu atau 20000 kaki
persegi. Keluasan premis untuk menyimpan barangan bukan
kritikal adalah 1858.06 meter persegi, 20,000 kaki persegi atau
12,000 m3 (cubic meter) isipadu
 Lulus tapisan keselamatan
 10% Jaminan Bank dari jumlah purata bulanan bagi tempoh
setahun ke atas duti/cukai yang terlibat
Gudang Berlesen Awam (Petroleum)

 Menyimpan barangan(petroleum) kepunyaan sendiri yang

berduti/cukai belum berbayar.
 Model Berbayar sekurang-kurangnya RM 150,000 bagi
penyimpanan barangan kritikal dan untuk barangan bukan
kritikal adalah sekurang-kurangnnya RM100,000.
 Nilai barangan yang disimpan dalam satu(1) tahun sekurang-
kurangnya RM 5 juta bagi barangan kritikal dan RM 2 juta
untuk barangan bukan kritikal.
 lulus tapisan keselamatan
 0% Jaminan Bank dari jumlah purata bulanan bagi tempoh
setahun ke atas duti/cukai terlibat.
Public & Private Warehouses
1. General merchandise warehouse (manufactured goods)
-practically storing any kind of product.
2. Refrigerated or cold storage
warehouse
-A temperature-controlled storage environment.
- used to preserve perishable items such as frozen food product, fruits & vegetables.
3. Bonded warehouse
A bonded warehouse is a warehouse in which duty on goods stored within need
not be paid until the goods are removed from the warehouse. A bonded
warehouse is referred to by Malaysian Customs as a ‘Gudang Berlesen Awam’ or
Licenced General Warehouse.
4.Household goods and furniture
warehouses
Used for personal property rather than merchandise.
3 types: open storage concept, private room, container storage
5. Special commodity warehouses

Used for particular

agricultural
products such as
grains, wool, and
cotton,
6. Bulk storage warehouses
Provide tank storage of liquids and open storage of
dry products such as coal, sand and chemicals.
Auto Terminal
Container Yard
Licensed Manufacturer Warehouse
(Gudang Pengilangan Berlesen (GPB)
 LMW is a manufacturing unit (factory) granted to any person for
warehousing and manufacturing approved products on the same
premise. It is primarily intended to cater for export oriented
industries. Customs duty exemption is given to all raw materials
and components used directly in the manufacturing process of
approved produce from the initial stage of manufacturing until the
finished product is finally packed ready for export.
 Di bawah kemudahan ini pengilangan akan diberi pengecualian ke
atas bahan mentah/komponen dan mesin serta peralatan yang
digunakan secara langsung di dalam proses pengilangan untuk
menghasilkan suatu keluaran siap yang baru.
Aktiviti-Aktiviti Selain Pengilangan
 Aktiviti nilai ditambah (value added)
 Re-manufacturing, repairing dan servicing
 International Procurement Centre (IPC)
 Regional Distribution Centre (RDC)
Tujuan GPB
 Mengalakkan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi berorentatsikan
Eksport
 Memperkasakan Industri Pembuatan Tempatan
 Mempertingkatkan Pelaburan di Malaysia
 Mempertingkatkan peluang pekerjaan
 Menyediakan Fasilitasi kepada pelabur dan kemudahan
pengecualian cukai
Advantages and disadvantages of
warehouses
Public warehouse
(advantages) Disadvantage
1. Conservation of capital 1. Communication
2. Adjust for seasonality problem
3. Reduced risk 2. Lack of specialized
4. Economies of scale services
5. Flexibility 3. Shortage of space
6. Tax advantages
7. Knows exact
warehousing cost
8. Can minimize labor
dispute
Private warehouse
(advantages) Disadvantages

1. Degree of control 1. Lack of flexibility

2. Flexibility 2. Financial constraint
3. Less costly 3. Rate of return
4. Better use of human
resources
5. Tax benefit
6. Intangible benefit
Facilities Development
 Size and Number of Warehouse  Factors influencing the number
 Factors affecting warehouse size of warehouses:
1. Customer service level 1. Cost of lost sales
2. Number of product marketed 2. Inventory cost
3. Size of product 3. Warehousing cost
4. Material handling used
4. Transportation cost
5. Throughput rate
6. Production lead time
7. Economies of scale  Location analysis
8. Stock layout  Macro approaches
9. Aisle requirement 1. Market positioned
10. Office area in warehouse 2. Production positioned
11. Types of racks and shelves 3. Intermediately position
12. Level and pattern of demand
 Micro approaches  If choose public warehouse
 If choose private warehouse
: 1. Facility characteristics
1. quality and variety of 2. Warehouse services
transportation,
2. quality & quantity of 3. Availability and proximity
labour, to carrier terminals
3. labour rates 4. Availability of local cartage
4. Cost and quality of 5. Other companies using the
industrial land
5. Potential for expansion facility
6. Tax structure 6. Availability of computer
7. Building codes services and
8. Nature of community communication
environment
9. Cost of construction
7. Type and frequency of
10. Cost of availability of
inventory reports.
utilities
11. Local government tax.
Warehouse layout and design
 A good warehouse layout can:
 Increase output
 Improve product flow
 Reduce cost
 Improve customer service
 Provide better employee working conditions
• How products can be located and arranged?
 Randomized storage
 Dedicated storage
 3 method used to implement the dedicated storage approach:
Part number sequence
Usage rates
Activity levels (eg: grouping groups based on how fast products
move in and out)
• Overall warehouse layout, products may be grouped
according to their 1) compatibility- whether products can be
stored harmoniously
2)complementarily- how often products
are ordered together and stored
together
3)popularity (velocity)- demand rates of
products.
Function of warehouses
 Movement; further divided into several activities including
receiving, transfer, order selection, cross-docking,
shipping.
 Storage- temporary storage & semi-permanent
storage
 Information transfer- info on inventory level,
throughput level, inbound outbound shipment,
customer data, space utilization etc..
CROSS-DOCKING
Warehouse option (cross-docking)
-
by passes the storage activity by transferring items directly from the receiving docks to the shipping docks
Activities in Cross-docking

 Unloading / Inbound
 Inspect / Screening
 Sorting
 Reloading / Outbound
Cross-docking
Cross-docking
Traditional vs. Cross-docking
When cross docking should be
considered:
1. Inventory destination is known when received.
2. Customer is ready to receive inventory immediately.
3. Shipment fewer than 200 locations daily.
4. Daily throughput exceeds 2000 cartons.
5. More than 70 percent of the inventory is conveyable.
6. Large quantities of individual items received by firm.
7. Inventory arrives at firm’s dock prelabeled.
8. Some inventory is time sensitive
9. Firm’s distribution centre in near capacity
10. Some of the inventory is prepriced.
THE END