2. Thalassemia:
a. Thalassemia-α
b. Thalassemia-β
c. Thalassemia-δβ, thalassemia-γδβ, dan thalassemia-άβ
d. Heterozigot ganda thalassemia-α atau -β dengan varian hemoglobin
thalassemik:
- Contohnya, thalassemia β/HbE
- 2 rantai globin-
- 2 rantai globin-
- 4 molekul heme
Beta globin chain
The heme group (in red) is held in place by interactions with histidine side
chains (shown in green). The iron atom is located in the middle of the
heme molecule
Jenis hemoglobin selama perkembangan
Alpha thalassemia
Akibat mutasi gen globin-
Kelebihan Sintesis Hb ↓
rantai globin- - Anemia
- mikrositik (MCV↓)
- hipokrom (MCH↓)
Hb composition
in -thalasaemia
AKIBAT MUTASI GEN GLOBIN-
4 (tidak stabil)
terurai
rantai globin- bebas (tidak larut)
presipitasi
Sumsum tulang sirkulasi
Prekursor sel darah merah Sel darah merah matang
• trauma fisik
• perubaha metabolisme
Thalassemia-β/Hemoglobin-E
Pembawa sifat tersembunyi
thalassemia-β (silent carrier)
variasi mutasi β heterogen
gangguan produksi rantai-β: hanya sedikit
rasio rantai globin β dan α : hampir normal
kelainan hematologis (-):
- kadar HbA2 normal
- mungkin mikrositosis yang sangat ringan
studi keluarga (+) pada anak dengan thalassemia-
β yang > berat daripada kedua orangtuanya
(thalassemia-β trait)
Thalassemia-β minor
4 (Hb Bart)
4 (HbH)
4=HbBart 4=HbH
• death during fetal life • HbH disease
• Hydrops fetalis • mild to severe anemia
Normal -thalassemia
- -/ - /
MCH : < 26-32 pg < 25 pg 25-27pg
HbA2 : 2.5-3.5% normal or low normal or low
HbF : <1% low or absent low or absent
CLINICAL PROBLEMS OF -THALASSAEMIA
Severe haemolytic anaemia during fetal life (Hb Bart’s, Hydrops Fetalis)
HbH disease:
Mild to severe anaemia
Jaundice
Hepato-splenomegaly
Severe splenomegaly – hypersplenism
Other complication of HbH disease:
Infection
Leg ulcer
Gall stone
Folic acid deficiency
Acute haemolytic episodes in response to infection or drugs