INFLEKSIONAL DAN DERIVASIONAL DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

Oleh:
Hilmatun Nafis (S112202003)
Program Studi S2 Linguistik Deskriptif

A. PENDAHULUAN
Terdapat beraneka ragam bahasa di dunia ini. Akan tetapi, antara bahasa satu
dengan lainnya tentu memiliki suatu kesamaan yaitu ciri tertentu. Hal ini bisa ditilik
atau dikaji melalui ilmu morfologi. Dalam morfologi membahas mengenai seluk
beluk bentuk suatu kata. Hal ini disebabkan kata merupakan suatu satuan terpenting
dalam bahasa.
Bauer (1988) membagi morfologi menjadi dua bagian, yaitu morfologi
derivasional dan morfologi infleksional. Pembentukan infleksional diselesaikan
dengan dua cara, antara lain tidak mengubah kelas dasar kata-kata yang diikutinya,
dan dapat mengubah jenis kata sehingga kata-katanya sesuai dengan susunan sintaksis
bahasa. Sementara itu, pembentukan derivasi yakni melalui dua cara, yaitu perubahan
makna dasar apabila imbuhan tersebut melekat pada akar kata dan perubahan kelas
kata dasar. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, dapat diketahui bahwa teori infleksi dan
derivasi mempunyai karakteristik yang berbeda. JJS JAK SN

B. INFLEKSIONAL DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

Infleksi merupakan proses morfologis yang menghasilkan struktur kata yang
berbeda dari leksem yang sama (Bauer, 1988). Infleksional dalam bahasa Inggris
terjadi pada noun, verb, adjective/adverb dengan distribusi sebagai berikut: jjs makak
mamsems makkd hdh jjdk jjxj jja mdjdjdj ekeke sjskwk skss jfr jsh jsjan dnjdje kjs
sha j
1. Infleksional Noun
Adapun infleksional noun dalam bahasa Inggris terjadi dalam terjadi dalam
dua kategori sebagai berikut.

2. Infleksional Verb
Adapun infleksional verb dalam bahasa Inggris terjadi dalam empat kategori
sebagai berikut. mm mnj n jjiinj jjj uu j jik j jk kn nh gd hj. Jkk kjh. Hhggjuy,
hgftg
 3. Infleksional Adjective/Adverb
Adapun infleksional dalam bahasa Inggris yang memiliki bentuk
adjective/adverb terjadi dalam dua kategori, yaitu:

C. DERIVASIONAL BAHASA INGGRIS

 Verhaar (2008) menyatakan bahwa derivasi merupakan perubahan morfemik
yang membentuk suatu kata dengan identitas morfemik lain. Adapun contoh distribusi
derivasi afiksasi dalam bahasa Inggris yaitu sebagai berikut.
1. Perubahan dari Noun ke Verb
Terjadinya perubahan dari noun ke verb dikarenakan adanya penambahan –
en-, em-, de-, dis-, inter-, -wise, –ify , dan ize/ise.

qqq
2. Perubahan dari Noun ke Adjective
Terjadinya perubahan dari noun ke adjective disebabkan oleh penambahan
post-, im-, ic-, anti-, -ic, -ous, -y, -ible, -ate, -ly, -al, -ary, -less, -able, -ar, dan –
ful.
3. Perubahan dari Noun ke Noun
Terjadinya perubahan dari noun ke noun disebabkan oleh penambahan –ship,
-hood, -ian, -dom, dan –ese.
4. Perubahan dari Adjective ke Noun
Terjadinya perubahan dari adjective ke noun disebabkan oleh penambahan -y,
–ity, -ness, dan im-.

5. Perubahan dari Adjective ke Verb

Terjadinya perubahan dari adjective ke verb disebabkan oleh penambahan en-
dan –em dalam prefiks, serta –en dalam sufiks.
6. Perubahan dari Adjective ke Adjective
Terjadinya perubahan dari adjective ke adjective disebabkan oleh penambahan
-in, -ir, -dis dan –un.

7. Perubahan dari Verb ke Noun

Terjadinya perubahan dari verb ke noun disebabkan oleh penambahan -ance,-
er, -ence, -or, -ment, -ion, dan –ee.
8. Perubahan dari Verb ke Adjective
Terjadinya perubahan dari verb ke adjective disebabkan oleh penanmbahan –
ent,-y, -less, -ant, -ible, -able.
 9. Perubahan dari Verb ke Verb
Terjadinya perubahan dari verb ke verb disebabkan oleh penambahan -re, -dis
dan –un.

D. KESIMPULAN
Berdasarkan gambaran di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa infleksional dalam
bahasa Inggris dibagi menjadi tiga struktur, yaitu 1) kata benda infleksional yang
 terdiri dari -s/es; 2) kata kerja infleksional terdiri dari -s, -ing, - n, dan -ed; 3)
infleksional adjektiva/adverbia yang terdiri dari -er, dan –est. Sementara itu, derivasi
dalam bahasa Inggris mencakup 1) perubahan dari noun menjadi verb yang terdiri dari
prefiks dan sufiks; 2) terjadinya perubahan dari noun ke adjective yang terdiri dari
prefiks dan sufiks; 3) perubahan dari noun menjadi noun yang hanya terdiri dari
sufiks; 4) perubahan dari adjective menjadi noun yang terdiri dari prefiks dan sufiks;
5) perubahan dari adjective menjadi verb yang terdiri dari prefiks dan sufiks; 6)
perubahan dari adjective menjadi adjective yang terdiri dari prefiks; 7) perubahan dari
verb menjadi noun hanya terdiri dari sufiks; 8) perubahan dari verb menjadi adjective
hanya terdiri dari sufiks; dan 9) perubahan dari verb ke verb hanya terdiri atas prefiks.

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jj jjjjjjjjNnnnnnnnjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj jjjjj jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj
jj jjjjjjjjNnnnnnnnjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj jjjjj jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj
jj jjjjjjjjNnnnnnnnjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj jjjjj jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj
jj jjjjjjjjNnnnnnnnjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj jjjjj jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj
j j j j j j j j j j N n n n n n n n j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j k k kk k k k k k k k k k k k k kk k k k k k
k kk k kk k kk k k kk k kk k k k k k kk k kk k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k
k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k kk k k kk kk k k k k k kk k k k k k k kkk k k k k k k k k
k k k kk k k k k kk k k k k k k k k k kkk k k k k kk k k k k kk k k k kk k k kk k k k k kk k k
kn n nn n n nn n n n n nsks j j j j jj jmm o o o oo o o o o o o o o o oo o o o o oo o o oo o h
hkh h h h h h hh h hh hh hh hh h h hh hh

REFERENSI
Bauer, Laurie. (1988). Introducing linguistic morphology. Great Britain: Edinburgh
University Press.

Verhaar. (2008). Asas-asas linguistik umum. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

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