Onkologi (Deteksi Dini Tumor Ovarium)
Onkologi (Deteksi Dini Tumor Ovarium)
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• Kanker ovarium salah satu keganasan ginekologi yang
palingsering ditemukan pada perempuan dan menempati
urutan kedua setelah kanker serviks.
• Setiap tahunnya 200.000 wanita didiagnosa dengan
kanker ovarium di seluruh dunia dan 125.000 meninggal
karena penyakit ini.
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Data Kanker Nasional di Indonesia tahun 2000-2015
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Perut terasa penuh
Susah BAB
Perdarahan lewat vagina
Sesak napas
Penurunan berat badan
Mudah lelah
Classic triad:
• Watery vaginal discharge
• Pelvic pain
• Pelvic mass
Berdasarkan penelitian Wasim et al (Toronto)
Jinak Tidak
bergejala
Gejala
Ganas Nyeri Perut
(66%)
WASIM ET AL. COMPARISON OF CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF BENIGN AND MALIGNANT OVARIAN TUMORS.JPMA 59:18;2009.
Pembesaran Perut Jinak&Ganas
Jinak Ganas
Tidak metastasis & tidak invasi jaringan Dapat metastasis & menginvasi jaringan
Gambaran ganas :
Gambaran jinak : dapat timbul malignant ascites
Spider nevi
Riwayat keluarga BRCA1, BRCA2 mutasi, DNA mismatch repair gene mutation
READE CJ, MCVEY RM, TONE AA, FINLAYSON SJ, MCALPINE JN, FUNG-KEE-FUNG M, ET AL. THE FALLOPIAN TUBE AS THE ORIGIN OF HIGH GRADE SEROUS OVARIAN CANCER: REVIEW OF A
PARADIGM SHIFT. J OBSTET GYNAECOL CAN. 2014 FEB. 36 (2):133-40
TUMOR GANAS EPITEL OVARIUM
J. Kaijser, T. Bourne, L. Valentin, A. Sayasneh, C. Van Holsbeke, I. Vergote et al. Improving strategies for diagnosing ovarian cancer:
a summary of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) studies. UOG Journal Club. 2013; 41: 9-20.
J. Kaijser, T. Bourne, L. Valentin, A. Sayasneh, C. Van Holsbeke, I. Vergote et al. Improving strategies for diagnosing ovarian cancer:
a summary of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) studies. UOG Journal Club. 2013; 41: 9-20.
J. Kaijser, T. Bourne, L. Valentin, A. Sayasneh, C. Van Holsbeke, I. Vergote et al. Improving strategies for diagnosing ovarian cancer:
a summary of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) studies. UOG Journal Club. 2013; 41: 9-20.
KISTA MULTILOKULER - PADAT
= kista multilokuler dengan komponen padat terukur atau minimal satu tonjolan papiler
(tumor padat dengan dinding kista ireguler)
Tonjolan papiler padat adalah tonjolan Garis imajiner untuk mengukur tonjolan
Padat ke rongga kista dari dinding kista yang Papiler.
tingginya ≥ 3 mm. Tonjolan papiler terbesar
diukur dalam 3 dimensi: panjang, lebar, dan tinggi.
2. Risk of Malignancy
Index (RMI) SASSONE (1991)
Skor min 4
Skor max 15
3. ROMA Skor > 9 à keganasan
Sensitifitas 100%
Spesifisitas 83%
PPV 37%
NPV 100%
IOTA (Adnex
5.
Model)
2. Risk of Malignancy
Index (RMI) DEPRIEST (1994)
3. ROMA
INTERPRETASI
2. Risk of Malignancy
Index (RMI)
Dari 62 pasien,
Skor > 5 à ganas (3 pasien stage I dan 1 stage III)
3. ROMA Skor < 5 à jinak
Tidak ada kanker ovari yang memiliki volume < 10 cm3 dan
biasanya memiliki projeksi papiler / komponen solid.
4. IOTA Simple Rules
IOTA (Adnex
5.
Model)
3. ROMA
2. Risk of Malignancy
Index (RMI)
IOTA (Adnex
5.
Sassone AM et al. Obstet Gynecol 1991;78:70-6 // De Priest et al. Gynecol Oncol 1993;51:7-11 //
Model) Ferazzi E et al. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1997;10:192-7 // Alcazar JL et al. Am J Obstet Gynecol
2003;188:685-692
1. Indeksmorfologi
Ultrasound changes
2. Risk of Malignancy
Index (RMI) IOTA ULTRASOUND RULES FOR OVARIAN MASSES
3. ROMA
IOTA (Adnex
5.
Model)
2. Risk of Malignancy
Index (RMI)
3. ROMA
IOTA (Adnex
5.
Model)
1. Indeksmorfologi
Ultrasound changes
2. Risk of Malignancy
Index (RMI)
3. ROMA
IOTA (Adnex
5.
Model)
1. Indeksmorfologi
Ultrasound changes
RMI Score
2. Risk of
Malignancy Index
(RMI)
3. ROMA
IOTA (Adnex
5.
Model)
3. ROMA
IOTA (Adnex
5.
Model)
2. Risk of U à ultrasound
Malignancy Index RMI = U x M x Ca125 diberi skor masing-masing 1 bila
terdapat : multilocular cysts, solid
(RMI)
areas, metatases, ascites, dan lesi
bilateral
M à status menopause
3. ROMA Skor 1 = pre-menopausal
Skor 2 = post-menopausal
Ca 125 à kadar serum Ca125
ROMA
2. Risk of Malignancy
Index (RMI)
Kombinasi HE4 dan Ca125
Kriteria :
Usia >18 tahun
3. ROMA
Terdapat masa ovarium
Akan direncanakan oeoperasi
Rheumatoid Factor <250 IU/ml
IOTA (Adnex
5.
Model)
1. Indeksmorfologi
Ultrasound changes
INTERPRETASI
2. Risk of Malignancy
Index (RMI)
3. ROMA
IOTA (Adnex
5.
Model)
Wanita monopuse
dengan kista ovarium
TVS
Serum CA125
Hitung RMI
Dapat ditatalaksana oleh gynaecology Laparoskopi atau laparotomi di Laparotomi dilakukan di pusat
umum unit onkologi kanker
Kista hilang atau bertambah kecil Kista tidak berubah Kista bertambah besar atau
ukurannya membentuk tambahan baru
3. ROMA
IOTA (Adnex
5.
Model)
1. Indeksmorfologi
Ultrasound changes
2. Risk of Malignancy
Index (RMI)
3. ROMA
IOTA (Adnex
5.
Model)
PERBANDINGAN AKURASI IOTA ADNEX MODEL, IOTA SIMPLE RULES, DAN RMI1
Westwood M. Test in secondary care to identify people at high risk of ovarian cancer: A systemic review and
cost effectiveness analysis; 2016; 74-81.
OVARIAN CANCER
Screening
-Widely available & easy to perform à high sensitivity & specificity
-Screening à detect lower-grade epithelial ovarian tumours at an early stage (mucinous or
endometrioid)
-Screening with USG & CA 125 à high-risk patients with 1 or 3 gene mutations associated with
ovarian carcinoma (BRCA1/2, and HNPCC)
-Mixed: IOTA, RMI-2, ROMA, etc
Characterization
-Features suspicious for malignancyà wall irregularity, papillary projections, solid components,
size (>4cm), bilaterality and presence of ascites or metastases
-Colour Doppler ultrasound à tumour neovascularity à New blood vessels are fragile on duplex
have a characteristic waveform with a low resistive index (RI <0.4)
Thank You
A? B?
ALGORITHM RECOMMENDATIONS
Ovarian Cancer
Ultrasound (first-line investigation) à MRI (problem-solving tool)
MRI is useful in assessing pelvic side wall involvement
CT à susp. advanced ovarian carcinoma à evaluate peritoneal disease & nodal metastases
-CT can assess surgical resectability & complications (hydronephrosis & bowel obstruction)
-In patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma deemed not suitable for primary surgery, ultrasound or CT-
guided percutaneous biopsy of omental/peritoneal disease or adnexal mass is used to establish the
diagnosis prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Cross-sectional imaging, primarily by CT à treatment follow-up & detection of recurrent
FDG-PET/CT is of value in cases of suspected recurrence where there is an increase in tumour markers but
indeterminate findings on CT or MRI.