CORPORATE FINANCE
PROGRAM MAGISTER MANAJEMEN
UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN KRIDA WACANA
CORPORATE FINANCE 3
Dr. Ir. RUDOLF L. TOBING, MM, CRMP
Tujuan Analisis Laporan Keuangan
► Untuk menilai kinerja perusahaan dalam konteks tujuan dan
strategi yang telah dinyatakan. Ada dua alat utama analisis
keuangan: ratio analysis (analisis rasio) dan cash flow
analysis (analisis arus kas)
CORPORATE FINANCE 4
Dr. Ir. RUDOLF L. TOBING, MM, CRMP
Tujuan Analisis Laporan
Keuangan Bagi Berbagai Pihak
CORPORATE FINANCE 5
Dr. Ir. RUDOLF L. TOBING, MM, CRMP
ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN
4 Kelompok Analisis Laporan Keuangan:
CORPORATE FINANCE 6
Dr. Ir. RUDOLF L. TOBING, MM, CRMP
1. ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN
CORPORATE FINANCE 8
Dr. Ir. RUDOLF L. TOBING, MM, CRMP
SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL RATIOS
1. Rasio Likuiditas mengukur kemampuan perusahaan memenuhi kewajiban
jangka pendeknya (yang akan jatuh tempo)
HOW
RATIO FORMULA EXPRESSED MEANING
HOW
RATIO FORMULA EXPRESSED MEANING
2.
Profitability
Ratios Net Profit after Taxes percentage Show how much after – tax profits
Net Profit Net Sales are generated by each dollar of
Margin sales
Return on Net Profit After Taxes percentage Measures the rate of return on the
Equity (ROE) Stockholders’ Equity book value of stockholders total
investment in the company
HOW
RATIO FORMULA EXPRESSED MEANING
3. Activity
Ratios Indicated the average length of
time in days that a company must
Average Account Receivable Days wait to collect a sale after making
collection Sales for Year 360 it; may be compared to the credit
period terms offered by the company to
its customers
HOW
RATIO FORMULA EXPRESSED MEANING
4. Leverage
Ratios Measures the extend to which
Debt to Total Debt Percentage borrowed funds have been
Asset Ratio Total Assets used finance the company’s
assets
Debt to Measure the fund provided by
Equity ratio Total Debt creditors versus the fund
Stockholders Equity provided by owners
(Debt to Percentage
Net Worth) Net Worth = Common Stock +
Retained Earning
Times
Interest Profit Before Interest &Taxes Decimal Indicates the ability of the
Earned Interest Charge company to meet its annual
interest cost
(Coverage
Ratio)
HOW
RATIO FORMULA EXPRESSED MEANING
5. Valuation
Ratios
Shows the current market’s
Price/ Market Price per Share Decimal evaluation of stock, based on its
Earning Earning per Share earning; shows how much the
ratio investor is willing to pay for each
dollar of earning
Sebanyak 40%FINANCE
CORPORATE laba bersih dibagi sebagai dividen
Dr. Ir. RUDOLF Sebanyak
L. TOBING, 40% laba bersih dibagi sebagai dividen
MM, CRMP 16
RASIO LIKUIDITAS (LIQUIDITY RATIO)
Aset Lancar
Current Ratio = -------------------
Utang Lancar
CORPORATE FINANCE 17
Dr. Ir. RUDOLF L. TOBING, MM, CRMP
RASIO LIKUIDITAS
CORPORATE FINANCE 18
Dr. Ir. RUDOLF L. TOBING, MM, CRMP
RASIO AKTIVITAS (ACTIVITY RATIO)
Penjualan
Perputaran Piutang (ARTO) = ---------------------
Piutang
Harga Pokok Penjualan
Perputaran Persediaan (ITO) = -------------------------------
Persediaan
Penjualan
Perputaran Aktiva (TATO) = -------------------
Total Aktiva
CORPORATE FINANCE 19
Dr. Ir. RUDOLF L. TOBING, MM, CRMP
RASIO AKTIVITAS (ACTIVITY RATIO)
2021 2022 Industri
90.000 114.000
ARTO = ---------- = 11,25 ------------ = 12,00 10,50
8.000 9.500
Total Utang
Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) = ------------------
Total Aktiva
Total Utang
Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) = ------------------
Total Ekuitas
EBIT
Interest Coverage (TIE) = ------------------
Beban Bunga
CORPORATE FINANCE 21
Dr. Ir. RUDOLF L. TOBING, MM, CRMP
RASIO LEVERAGE KEUANGAN
Dividen
Dividen Payout Ratio (DPR) = ------------------------
Laba Bersih (EAT)
Laba Ditahan
Retention Ratio = ---------------------
Laba Bersih (EAT)
CORPORATE FINANCE 24
Dr. Ir. RUDOLF L. TOBING, MM, CRMP
2. ANALISIS TREND – LABA RUGI
CORPORATE FINANCE 32
Dr. Ir. RUDOLF L. TOBING, MM, CRMP
Digunakan untuk :
• Menilai apakah kinerja perusahaan sesuai dengan
target umum perusahaan itu sendiri dan harapan
investor
• Mengestimasi dampak dari perubahan-perubahan
operasi
• Mengantisipasi kebutuhan pendanaan perusahaan
di masa depan
• Menentukan rencana yang memaksimalkan nilai
pemegang saham, yakni:
• Rencana Strategis
misi, lini bisnis & geografis, tujuan, strategi
• Rencana Operasi
pedoman implementasi dari rencana strategis
• Rencana Keuangan
CORPORATE FINANCE 38
Dr. Ir. RUDOLF L. TOBING, MM, CRMP
Rasio-rasio :
1. Rasio kas thd penjualan = Kas/penjualan
Penjualan 3.000
Biaya kecuali depresiasi 2.616
Depresiasi 100
Total biaya operasi 2.176
EBIT 284
Bunga 88
EBT 196
Pajak (40%) 78
Laba bersih sblm div shm.prefren 118
Dividen saham preferen 4
Laba bersih utk saham biasa 114
Dividen saham biasa 58
Tambahan utk laba ditahan 56
Bunga 88 88
Pajak (40%) 78 89
Forecast 2023
2022 Basis sales 1st Pass
Acc.payable $ 60 0.02 X sales $ 66
Notes payable 110 110 + 28
Accruals 140 0,0467 X sales 154
Total CL $ 310 $330
L-T debt 754 754 + 28
Preferen Stock 40 40
Common stock 130 130 + 56
Ret.earnings 766 +68* 834
Total asset $2,000 $2,088 + 112
Tambahan dana yg dibutuhkan /AFN $ 112
Forecast 2023
Basis-From sales
2022 1st Pass
Cash $ 10 0.0033 $ 11
Acc. recv. 375 0.125 412
Inventories 615 0.205 677
Total CA $ 1000 $ 1100
Net FA 1000 0.333 1100
Total assets $2,000 $2200
2022 2023
1st Pass AFN 2nd Pass
Cash $ 11 - $ 11
Accts. rec. 412 - 412
Inventories 677 677
Total CA $ 1.100 $ 1.100
Net FA 1.100 - 1.100
Total assets $2.200 $2,200
2023 2023
1st Pass AFN 2nd Pass
Acc.payable $ 66 - $ 66
Notes payable 110 +28 138
Accruals 154 - 154
Total CL $ 330 $ 358
L-T debt 754 +28 782
Preferen stk 40 40
Common stk. 130 +56 186
Ret.earnings 834 - 834
Total $2.088 $2.200
CORPORATE FINANCE 52
Dr. Ir. RUDOLF L. TOBING, MM, CRMP
Neraca PT Elerge, Tbk (dalam Juta Rp)
AKTIVA 2021 2022 Pasiva 2021 2022
Aktiva Lancar: Kewajiban Lancar:
Kas 900 1.200 Utang Dagang 1.500 2.100
Surat Berharga 600 1.800 Utang Wesel 2.100 1.800
Piutang 1.500 1.200 Akrual 600 300
Persediaan 2.700 1.800 Total Utang Lancar 4.200 4.200
Jumlah Aktiva Lancar 5.700 6.000 Utang Obligasi 1.200 1.800
Jumlah Utang 5.400 6.000
Aktiva Tetap: Modal Pem Saham:
Tanah & Bangunan 3.150 3.600 Saham Preferen 300 300
Mesin & Peralatan 2.400 2.550 Saham Biasa 360 360
Meubel dan lain-lain 810 1.050 Agio Saham 1.140 1.140
Kendaraan 240 300 Laba Ditahan 1.500 1.800
Jumlah Ak Tetap Kotor 6.600 7.500
Akumulasi Penyusutan (3.600) (3.900) Jumlah Modal Ekuitas 3.300 + 3.600+
Aktiva Tetap Bersih 3.000 + 3.600 +
Penjualan 5.100
Harga Pokok Penjualan (3.000)
Marjin Laba Kotor 2.100
Beban-beban Operasi:
Beban Penjualan (210)
Beban Administrasi & Umum (360)
Beban Leasing (120)
Depresiasi (300)
Jumlah Beban (990)
Laba Operasi (EBIT) 1.110
Beban Bunga (210)
Laba Sebelum Pajak (EBT) 900
Pajak 40% (360)
Laba Akhir (EAT) 540
(-) dividen saham preferen (30)
Laba untuk Pemegang Saham 510
Dividen untuk saham biasa 210
CORPORATE FINANCE Dr. Ir. RUDOLF L. TOBING, MM, CRMP 54
Diminta : Hitung Rasio-Rasio Keuangan PT Elerge, Tbk.
1.Rasio Likuiditas :
- Current Ratio (Rasio Lancar) 4. Rasio Profitabilitas :
- Quick Ratio (Rasio Cepat)
- Cash Ratio (Rasio Kas) - Gross Profit Margin (GPM)
2. Rasio Solvabilitas/Leverage :
- Profit Margin (PM)
- Debt To Total Asset Ratio (DAR)
- Net Profit Margin (NPM)
- Debt To Equity Ratio (DER)
- Return On Asset (ROA)
- Time interest Earned Ratio (Coverage Ratio)
3. Rasio Aktivitas : - Return On Equity (ROE)
- Perputaran persediaan (Inventory Turn over) - Earning Per Share (EPS)
- Perputaran piutang (Receivable Turnover)
- Perputaran aktiva tetap (Fixed Asset Turnover)
- Perputaran aktiva (Asset Turnover)
5. Lakukan Analisis Common Size & Angka Indeks berikut interpretasinya!