Islam Dan Syariat Islam
Islam Dan Syariat Islam
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ISLAM DAN SYARIAT ISLAM
Pengenalan kepada syariat islam.
Definisi fiqh :
Pengertian fiqh dari segi bahasa arab bermaksud
“faham dan mengetahui akan sesuatu atau memahami
tujuan dari percakapan seseorang” seperti firman Allah :
(Ash-shura:13)
PERBEZAAN-PERBEZAAN
DI ANTARA
FIQH DAN SYARIAH
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
FIQH AND SHARIA
PENGERTIAN
SYARIAH FIQAH
Dari segi bahasa:
- Jalan yang lurus Dari segi bahasa : Bermaksud
- Sumber atau aliran yang datangnya faham.
air yang digunakan untuk minuman.
SHARIA FIQH
In terms of language:
- A straight path In terms of language:
- The source or stream from
which the water used for It means to understand.
drinking comes.
SYARIAH FIQAH
Hasil pemikiran
Anugerah daripada mujtahid dalam
Allah dan sumber memahami ayat al-
daripada Rasul. Quran dan Hadith Nabi
SAW atau hasil istinbat.
SOURCE
SHARIA FIQH
Shariah law is a right Some of the
that must be truly jurisprudence is of
believed and trusted. zanni level only.
SUDUT HUKUM
SYARIAH FIQAH
Hukum Merangkumi
i’tiqad, akhlak hukum amali
dan amali. sahaja.
LEGAL ANGLE
SHARIA FIQH
Law of i’tiqad, Includes
akhlaq and practical deeds
deed. law only.
BIDANG LAIN YANG BOLEH
DIPEROLEHI
Ø There are some other mazhab that are still alive, remain,
develop, and are given attention, but the ijtihad of their
supporters has left the circle of Ahli Sunnah wa al-
Jama'ah in terms of Usul (principle) and Furu. The
most important are the Shia and Khawarij schools, then
the most famous is the al-Ibadiyyah school from among
the al-Khawarij, the al-Imamiyyah school from the Shia,
the al-Zaydiyyah school from the Shia also but it is
better known as a moderate sect and close to Ahli
sunnah wa al-jama'ah.
Ketiga : Mazhab-Mazhab Fiqh Ahli al-Sunnah
wa al- Jama’ah.
37
iMaM-iMaM of
Mazhab fiqh
38
Imam Hanafi ( 80-150 H ).
Ø Beliau ialah al-Nu’man bin Thabit bin Zuwata al-Kufi,
dilahirkan di Kufah pada tahun 80 hijrah dan berasal
dari keturunan Parsi, merdeka dan keturunan nenek
moyangnya tidak pernah menjadi hamba menurut satu
pendapat.
Ø Di antara tokoh gurunya yang masyhur ialah Ati bin Abi
Rabah, al-Sya’bi, Ikrimah maula Abdullah bin Abbas,
Nafi maula Umar, Hammad bin Abi Sulaiman dan lain-
lain lagi.
Ø Dasar-dasar mazhab Abu Hanifah ialah sumber syarak
yang menjadi asas kepada fiqh beliau.
Ø Sumber- sumber ini seperti Al-Quran, Al-Sunnah, Al-
Ijma, Aqwal al-Sahabah (beliau memilih mana-mana
pendapat yang difikirkan benar ) dan Al-Qiyas dan Al-
Ijtihad.
Imam Hanafi ( 80-150 H ).
Ø He is al-Nu'man bin Thabit bin Zuwata al-Kufi, born in
Kufa in the year 80 of the Hijrah and comes from
Persian descent, independent and the descendants of his
ancestors were never slaves according to one opinion.
Ø Among his famous teachers are Ati bin Abi Rabah, al-
Sya'bi, Ikrimah maula Abdullah bin Abbas, Nafi maula
Umar, Hammad bin Abi Sulaiman and others.
Ø The principles of Abu Hanifah's school of thought are
the source of Sharia which is the basis of his
jurisprudence.
Ø These sources are such as Al-Quran, Al-Sunnah, Al-
Ijma, Aqwal al-Sahabah (he chooses any opinion he
thinks is true) and Al-Qiyas and Al-Ijtihad.
Imam Maliki ( 93- 179 H ).
Ø Beliau ialah Malik bin Anas bin Abu Amir al-Asbahi,
dilahirkan di Madinah al-Munauwarah pada tahun 93
hijrah.
Ø Menetap di Madinah dan tidak pernah keluar dari
Madinah melainkan kerana melakukan ibadat haji.
Ø Beliau dibesarkan dalam masyarakat Islam yang penuh
dengan ilmu warisan Rasulullah s.a.w, para sahabat dan
tabi‘in dan dididik dalam gedung ilmu, kota ilmu, dar al-
hijrah, sumber sunnah, tempat rujukan ulama dan
tempat lahirnya fatwa-fatwa sahabat.
Ø Di antara guru-gurunya ialah Abd al-Rahman bin
Hurmuz, Muhammad bin Muslim bin Syihab Al-Zuhri
dan mengambil hadith, fiqh al-athar dan fatwa sahabat.
Imam Maliki ( 93- 179 H ).
Ø He is Malik bin Anas bin Abu Amir al-Asbahi, born in
Madinah al-Munauwarah in the year 93 Hijrah.
Ø Settled in Madinah and never left Madinah except for
the Hajj.
Ø He grew up in a Muslim society full of the knowledge of
the Prophet s.a.w, his companions and tabi'in and was
educated in the building of knowledge, the city of
knowledge, dar al-hijrah, the source of the sunnah, the
place of reference for scholars and the birthplace of the
fatwas of the companions.
Ø Among his teachers were Abd al-Rahman bin Hurmuz,
Muhammad bin Muslim bin Syihab Al-Zuhri and took
hadith, fiqh al-athar and fatwas of the companions.
Imam Syafi‘i ( 150 – 204 H ).
Ø Beliau dilahirkan di Ghazza pada tahun 150 hijrah,
nama beliau ialah Muhammad bin Idris bin al-Abbas bin
Uthman bin Syafi’i bin al-Saib bin Ubayd bin Abu Yazid
bin Hasyim bin al- Muttalib bin Abdul Manaf.
Ø Imam Syafi’i dibesarkan dalam keadaan yatim, bapanya
meninggal dunia sewaktu beliau masih dalam buaian lagi.
Ø Beliau dibesarkan di Makkah dan mempelajari ilmu fiqh
dengan Muslim bin Khalid al-Zanji, mufti Makkah
sehingga beliau diizinkan memberi fatwa ketika
umurnya dalam lingkungan lima belas tahun.
Ø Kemudian beliau mengembara ke Madinah dan berguru
dengan Imam Malik, mempelajari kitab Al-Muwatta dan
meriwayatkannya dari Imam Malik.
Imam Syafi‘i ( 150 – 204 H ).
Ø He was born in Ghazza in the year 150 Hijrah, his name
is Muhammad bin Idris bin al-Abbas bin Uthman bin
Syafi'i bin al-Saib bin Ubayd bin Abu Yazid bin Hasyim
bin al-Muttalib bin Abdul Manaf.
Ø Imam Syafi'i grew up as an orphan, his father died when
he was still in the cradle.
Ø He grew up in Makkah and studied jurisprudence with
Muslim bin Khalid al-Zanji, the mufti of Makkah until
he was allowed to give fatwas when he was around
fifteen years old.
Ø Then he traveled to Medina and studied with Imam
Malik, studied the book Al-Muwatta and narrated it
from Imam Malik.
Imam Hambali ( 164 – 241 H ).
Ø Nama sebenarnya ialah Abu Abdullah Ahmad bin
Hanbal al-Syaibani al-Baghdadi. Di lahirkan di Baghdad
pada bulan Rabi’al-Awwal tahun 164 hijrah dan wafat
pada tahun 241 hijrah.
Ø Keyatiman beliau ini memberi saham kepada kekuatan
jiwanya, kecerdikan akalnya dan ketinggian hikmahnya.
Gurunya yang masyhur Imam al-Syafi’i ketika imam
Syafi’i tiba di Baghdad.
Ø Namanya terkenal sebagi ahli dan imam al-Sunnah serta
himpunan hadithnya yang terkenal dengan Musnad al-
Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal.
Ø Beliau juga adalah guru kepada Imam Bukhari dan
Imam Muslim yang menghasilkan karya hadis sahih.
Imam Hambali ( 164 – 241 H ).
Ø His real name is Abu Abdullah Ahmad bin Hanbal al-
Syaibani al-Baghdadi. Born in Baghdad in the month of
Rabi'al-Awwal in the year 164 Hijrah and died in the
year 241 Hijrah.
Ø His orphanhood gives advantage to the strength of his
soul, his intelligence and the height of his wisdom. His
famous teacher Imam al-Syafi'i when Imam Shafi'i
arrived in Baghdad.
Ø His name is famous as an expert and imam of al-Sunnah
as well as his famous hadith collection Musnad al-Imam
Ahmad bin Hanbal.
Ø He was also the teacher of Imam Bukhari and Imam
Muslim who produced authentic hadith works.
Imam Zahiri ( 202 – 270 H ).
MAZHAB ةّيرهاظلا
YANG TIDAK
AL-HANAFIYYAH
POPULAR &
PUPUS ةّيفرنظلا
AL-MALIKIYYAH
ةّكرّمظا
MAZHAB AHL AL-SYAFI‘YYAH
Mazhab- AL-SUNNAH ةّعرنشظا
Mazhab DaLaM WA AL-
JAMA‘AH AL-HANABILAH
fiqh isLaM
ةّيفرحلا
AL-ZAIDIYYAH
ةّيظيظلا
MAZHAB
SYI‘AH & AL-JA‘FARIYYAH
KHAWARIJ
ةّيشفاظلا
AL-IBADIYYAH
حريظلاﻹة
AL-ZAHIRIYYAH
MAZHAB ةّيرهاظلا
THAT
ALREADY AL-HANAFIYYAH
EXTINCT &
NOT POPULAR
ةّيفرنظلا
AL-MALIKIYYAH
ةّكرّمظا
MAZHAB AHL AL-SYAFI‘YYAH
Mazhab- AL-SUNNAH ةّعرنشظا
Mazhab in WA AL-
JAMA‘AH AL-HANABILAH
isLaMiC fiqh
ةّيفرحلا
AL-ZAIDIYYAH
ةّيظيظلا
MAZHAB
SYI‘AH & AL-JA‘FARIYYAH
KHAWARIJ
ةّيشفاظلا
AL-IBADIYYAH
حريظلاﻹة