UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA
1. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi EMPAT (4) SOALAN. Jawab SEMUA soalan.
This question paper comprises of FOUR (4) QUESTIONS. Answer ALL questions.
2. Jawapan perlu dihantar dalam format PDF, menggunakan tulisan Times New
Roman (saiz 12) dan langkau dua baris. Jawapan boleh ditulis menggunakan
Bahasa Melayu ATAU Bahasa Inggeris.
Answers must be submitted in PDF format, using Times New Roman font (size 12)
with double spacing between lines. Answers can be written in either Malay OR English.
3. Pelajar diberikan tempoh masa EMPAT PULUH LAPAN (48) JAM untuk
menyelesaikan pentaksiran alternatif ini, bermula dari pukul 8.00 pagi, 6 Februari
2024 hingga 8.00 pagi, 8 Februari 2024. Jawapan perlu dihantar melalui
SPeCTRUM sebelum atau selewatnya pada 8.00 pagi, 8 Februari 2024.
Sebarang alasan berkaitan kelewatan adalah tidak diterima.
Students are given a period of FORTY-EIGHT (48) HOURS to complete this alternative
assessment, starting from 8:00 am on February 6, 2024, to 8:00 am on February 8,
2024. Answer documents should be submitted through SPeCTRUM no later than 8:00
am on February 8, 2024. Any reasons related to the delay will not be accepted.
4. Sumber rujukan adalah tidak terhad kepada nota kuliah sahaja. Pelajar perlu
merujuk pelbagai sumber akademik seperti jurnal artikel dan buku rujukan untuk
menjawab soalan daripada pentaksiran alternatif ini. Senarai rujukan perlu ditulis
dengan menggunakan Format APA Edisi ke-7.
References for this alternative assessment should not be limited to lecture notes alone.
Students are expected to refer to a variety of academic sources, including journal articles
and reference books, to address the questions. The reference list must adhere to the
formatting guidelines of APA Format 7th Edition.
PON7002
The American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP) emphasizes the importance of unstructured play
in children's development, promoting creativity, problem-solving, and social skills. Outdoor
play, in particular, enables children to directly engage in the environment, fostering lifelong
interests and contributing to health benefits such as increased exercise for a healthy heart
and brain. Unfortunately, recent research suggests that contemporary children are engaging
less in outdoor play due to various factors, with a variety of potential consequences.
(20 markah/marks)
3
PON7002
Bincangkan secara kritis bagaimana gaya keibubapaan memberi kesan kepada individu pada
pelbagai peringkat jangka hayat mereka. Bandingkan pengaruh gaya keibubapaan yang
berbeza terhadap perkembangan kognitif, sosial dan emosi semasa zaman kanak-kanak,
remaja dan dewasa. Nilaikan kesan jangka panjang amalan keibubapaan terhadap individu
dan pertimbangkan peranan faktor budaya dan kontekstual dalam membentuk gaya
keibubapaan. Sokong analisis anda dengan perspektif teori dan penyelidikan empirikal.
Critically discuss how parenting styles impact individuals at various stages of their lifespan.
Compare the influence of different parenting styles on cognitive, social, and emotional
development during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Evaluate the long-term effects
of parenting practices on individuals and consider the role of cultural and contextual factors in
shaping parenting styles. Support your analysis with theoretical perspectives and empirical
research.
(20 markah/marks)
3. Pengaruh rakan sebaya secara signifikan membentuk tingkah laku individu, kerana manusia
sering mengharapkan rakan sebaya mereka untuk bimbingan, pengesahan dan norma sosial,
yang memberi kesan kepada pilihan dan tindakan mereka dalam pelbagai aspek kehidupan.
Dalam bidang perkembangan sepanjang hayat, terokai isu masalah tingkah laku dan
pengaruh rakan sebaya merentasi peringkat kehidupan yang berbeza. Gunakan teori utama
untuk menganalisis bagaimana rakan sebaya menyumbang kepada manifestasi isu tingkah
laku atau sikap. Bincangkan peranan pengaruh rakan sebaya dalam membentuk tingkah laku
pada zaman kanak-kanak, remaja, dan dewasa, dengan mengaitkan kepada teori psikologi
yang penting bagi setiap peringkat kehidupan.
Peer influence significantly shapes individual behaviour, as people often look to their peers
for guidance, validation, and social norms, impacting choices and actions in various aspects
of life.
In the realm of lifespan development, explore the issues of behavioural problems and peer
influence across different life stages. Apply major theories to analyse how peers contribute to
the manifestation of behavioural or attitude issues. Discuss the role of peer influence in
shaping behaviour during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, drawing connections to
prominent psychological theories for each life stage.
(20 markah/marks)
4
PON7002
4. Teori perapatan berfungsi sebagai rangka kerja asas untuk memahami dinamik rumit bagi
hubungan manusia merentasi pelbagai peringkat kehidupan.
In the context of lifespan development and attachment theory, critically discuss the
role of early attachment experiences in shaping interpersonal relationships and socio-
emotional development throughout the lifespan. Apply key concepts and research
findings to illustrate the impact of secure or insecure attachments on later social
functioning, emotional regulation, and mental health outcomes.
(10 markah/marks)
Discuss relevant attachment patterns and their association with different caregiving
environments. Explore interventions and strategies that aim to enhance secure
attachments in various contexts, considering both individual and societal implications.
(10 markah/marks)
Sokong hujah anda dengan contoh kehidupan sebenar, sintesis penyelidikan semasa dan
perspektif teori, menunjukkan pemahaman yang bernuansa tentang dinamik perapatan.
Support your arguments with real-life examples, a synthesis of current research, and
theoretical perspectives, demonstrating a nuanced understanding of the attachment
dynamics.
TAMAT
END