MAKALAH

“Preposition and Comparative

Adjectives”

Disusun Untuk Memenuhi Mata Kuliah: Bahasa

Inggris Dosen Pengampu : Prof. Naeklan

Simbolon, M.Pd

DISUSUN

OLEH:

KELOMPOK 4

Anggita Uli Angel Gultom (1232411030)

Desi Sri Kelengna Surbakti (1233111102)

Dini Syarafina (1233111101)

Nadhilah Nazwa (1231111001)

KELAS A 2023

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN GURU SEKOLAH

DASAR FAKULTAS ILMU PENDIDIKAN

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN

2024
 KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kami ucapkan atas kehadiran Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena atas rahmat dan
karunia-Nya kami dapat menyelesaikan tugas Makalah ini tepat pada waktunya . Adapun
tugas ini dibuat untuk memenuhi tugas mata kuliah Profes Bahasa Inggris. Selama
penyusunan makalah,kami banyak mengalami berbagai hambatan dan kesulitan.Namun berkat
bantuan dan dorongan dari berbagai pihak,makalah ini dapat terselesaikan.Kami juga
menyadari bahwa dalam pembuatan makalah ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna,maka dari itu
kami mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun agar berguna untuk kedepannya.Akhir
kata ,kami mengucapkan terimakasih kasih kepada para pembaca semoga tugas ini
bermanfaat bagi yang membacanya.

Medan , April 2024

Kelompok 4

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 DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR................................................................................................................................................2
DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................................................................4
BAB I PENDAHULUAN..........................................................................................................................................1
A. Latar Belakang.............................................................................................................................................1
B. Rumusan Masalah....................................................................................................................................... 2
C. Tujuan..........................................................................................................................................................3
BAB II PEMBAHASAN............................................................................................................................................4
A. Preposition...................................................................................................................................................4
B. Fungsi Preposition.......................................................................................................................................10
C. Jenis-jenis Preposition................................................................................................................................11
D. Comperative adjectives.............................................................................................................................13
BAB III PENUTUP................................................................................................................................................ 19
A. Kesimpulan.................................................................................................................................................19
B. Saran..........................................................................................................................................................19
DAFTAR PUSTAKA.............................................................................................................................................. 21

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 BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

A. Latar Belakang
Prepositions and comparative adjectives are two different grammatical concepts in the
English language.

Prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other
elements in a sentence. They indicate location, direction, time, manner, and other
relationships. Examples of prepositions include “in,” “on,” “at,” “under,” “over,” “by,”
“with,” “from,” “to,” and “about.”

Comparative adjectives, on the other hand, are used to compare the qualities or
properties of two or more things. They are formed by adding the comparative suffix “-er” or
“more” to the base form of the adjective. For example, “tall” becomes “taller” or “more tall”
when comparing two things.

In the context of the search results provided, the article discusses the use of
comparative and superlative forms in English, which are types of comparative adjectives. The
comparative form is used to compare two things, while the superlative form is used to
compare more than two things. For example, “John is taller than Mary” is a comparative
statement, while “John is the tallest of all” is a superlative statement.

Prepositions and comparative adjectives are used in different ways and serve different
purposes in a sentence. Prepositions show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and
other elements in a sentence, while comparative adjectives are used to compare the qualities
or properties of two or more things.

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 B. Rumusan Masalah
Adapun rumusan masalah sebagai berikut:

1. What is the meaning of Prepositions and Comparative Adjective?

2. What is the types of Prepositions and Comparative Adjective?

3. What is the example of Prepositions and Comparative Adjective?

C. Tujuan
Adapun tujuan dari makalah ini yaitu sebagai berikut:

1.Knowing about the meaning of Prepositions and Comparative Adjective

2.Knowing about the types of Prepositions and Comparative Adjective
3.Knowing about the example of Prepositions and Comparative Adject

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3
 BAB II

PEMBAHASAN

A. Preposition

1. Pengertian Preposition

Preposition (kata depan) adalah kata yang biasanya ditempatkan sebelum noun atau pronoun;
menunjukkan hubungan antara noun dan pronoun itu dengan kata-kata lain dalam kalimat
atau bisa dikatakan juga preposition adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan kata
benda yang berbeda yang kata-kata yang termasuk dalam preposition antara lain at, in, on,
about, under, of, to, for dan lain sebagainya.

Preposition (adalah “kata depan”, dalam Bahasa Indonesia) bukan sebagai kata penghubung
dalam kalimat. Preposition biasanya bergabung dengan kata lain (verbs [kata kerja), nouns
[kata benda], atau adjectives [kata sifat].

Berikut kata-kata yang tergolong prepositions (kata depan):

At (pada)

 She shows remarkable ability at mathematics. (Ia menunjukkan kemampuan luar

biasa pada/ di bidang matematika).
 I’m not very clever at cooking (saya tdk begitu pandai [dalam] memasak) At the
cinema (di bioskop)
 I saw him at noon. (saya bertemu dengan dia pada siang itu)

Of (dari, terhadap, karena, ...)

 Sari is afraid of cockroach. (sari takut terhadap kecoa)

 Two of five students (dua dari lima siswa)

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  Far more smokers than non-smokers die of lung-cancer. (Jauh lebih banyak perokok
dari ada yang bukan perokok yang mati karena kanker paru)
 Both of the children have been to Greece. (Kedua anak itu telah ke Yunani)

On (pada, di atas], atas, tentang)

 On Monday morning (pada hari Senin pagi)

 She lives on Boulevard Street, (la tinggal di Jln. Boulevard).
 We’ll have to put the party off (Kami akan harus menghentikan/mengakhiri pesta)
 Put off the candle! (padamkan lilin itu!)

Away (jauh)

 He throws the cigarette butt away (ia melempar puntung rokok jauh)
 Go away (pergi jauh)

During (selama)

 I can see you during the week. (Saya bisa bertemu kamu selama sepekan)
 Above (di atas [lebih tinggi daril)
 He lives on the floor above us. (la tinggal di lantai [atas] di atas kami)

Below (di bawah | lebih rendah dari])

 He lives on the floor below us. (la tinggal di dilantai [bawah] di bawah kami)

Near (dekat, sinonim dg “by”)

 He lives near the university. (la tinggal dekat universitas)

Beside (di samping [pada satu sisi orang/benda yang memiliki dua sisi])

 He sat beside his wife during the party. (la duduk di samping isterinya selama pesta)

Between (di antara [dua])

 He sat between his two sons. (la duduk di antara dua anaknya)

Among (di antara lebih dari dual)

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  He sat among his friends (la duduk di antara teman-temannya)

Opposite (berhadapan langsung dengan)

 The museum is just opposite the post office. (Musium tepat berhadapan
langsung dengan kantor pos)

Around (di sekitar)

 The ship sailed around the island (Perahu itu berlayar di sekitar pulau)

Toward(s) (keļarah])

 Pilgrims headed toward(s) Mecca. (Para jamaah haji bergerak ke (arah) Mekah.

Away from (jauh dari)

 They moved away from their old neighborhood. (Mereka pindah jauh dari
tetangganya yang lama)
 I must apologize for disturbing you (saya mesti minta maaf karena telah
mengganggumu)
 O, God. Please forgive me for my sins (Ya Tuhan, ampuni saya atas dosa- dosaku)
 We have studied in SMP 1 Sindang for three years (kami telah belajar di SMP 1
Sindang selama 3 tahun)

Through (melalui)

You can drive through that town in an hour. (kamu bisa mengendarai [mobil] melalui kota itu
dalam sejam).

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Jenis preposisi Definisi Contoh proposition
Proposition of time Di gunakan untuk kata In digunakan padal bulan
waktu, ada 3 macam kata dan tahunIn September, In
yaitu On, In, dan At 19912. waktu-waktu
tertentu.
In the morning, in first
week of December, In
winter
On digunakan pada
 Hari On Saturday

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Preposition of Place Untuk menunjukkan tempat
Sama seperti preposition of
time ada 3 jenis kata yang
digunakan yaitu On, In, At
Preposition for Direction Digunakan untuk
menggambarkan arah.
Biasanya menggunakan kata
to,toward,through,into
Preposition for agent Digunakan untuk sebuah
benda yang menjadi sebab
atau pelaku dalam sebuah
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 Tanggal On 1924
 Hari-hari tertentu On
my birthday
At
 Jam At 07.30 Am
 Pada waktu
tertentu yang jelas
At noon, At
lunch time
In digunakan pada tempat
yang ber-ruang:
 In hall
 In school
 In a building
On digunakan pada
permukaan suatu tempat
 On a table
 On the wall
 On the roof
At digunakan pada tempat-
tempat tertentu. Biasanya
nama Jalan, nama kota.
 At Bogor
 At the entrance
of School
She goes to libraryShe ran
away when she felt someone
was coming toward her
This book is written by
Ateng The bottle is filled
with water
kalimat. Biasanya
menggunakan kata by, dan
with.

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Preposition for
Device, Instrument,
or Machine.
Prepositional phrases
Seperti judulnya, jenis kata
ini digunakan pada alat atau
sebuah mesin. Biasanya
menggunakan
kata by atau with
Gabungan dari kata kerja dan
preposisi
She comes by Bus daily
She opens the door with
key
She is listening to music We
Believe in God

Sebuah preposisi atau kata depan merupakan suatu kata yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan
hubungan antara kata benda atau sebuah kata ganti. Hubungan diantara keduanya dapat dilihat
dalam rangkai kalimat di bawah ini:

 I walked to the house

 I walked around the house
 I walked through the house
 The book by him is new
 The book about him is new
 The book for him is new

Kata-kata yang umumnya digunakan sebagai kata depan:

Aboard Beyond On account of

About But Onto
Above By means of On top of
According to Concerning Opposite
Across from Considering Out
Across Despite Out of
After Down Outside
Against During Owing to
Ahead of Except Over

2. Fungsi Preposition.

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Kegunaan Preposition yaitu untuk menerangkan letak atau posisi benda atau yang lainnya.
Dalam pemakaiannya, preposition tidak mempunyai ketentuan yang baku, untuk itu kita harus
menghafalkan pemakaian preposition sebanyak mungkin sehingga menambah
perbendaharaan kata kita.

3. Jenis-jenis Preposition

 Simple Prepositions

Preposition (kata depan) ini dibentuk hanya dengan menggunakan satu kata, contoh: in, on,
at, about, over, under, off, of, for, to,

Contoh:

 The kids were playing in the street (Anak-anak bermain di jalan).

 She put a blanket over the sleeping child (Dia meletakkan selimut di atas anak
yang sedang tidur).

 Double Prepositions

Preposition (kata depan) yang dibentuk dengan cara menggabungkan dua kata dari simple
preposition, contoh: without, within, inside, outside, into, beneath, below, behind, between
dan lain sebagainya.

Contoh:

 You should receive a reply within seven days (Anda semestinya menerima balasan
dalam waktu tujuh hari).
 For years we had little knowledge of what life was like inside China (selama bertahun-
tahun kami memiliki sedikit pengetahun tentang seperti apa hidup didalam negara
Cina).

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  Compound Prepositions

Preposition (kata depan) yang terdiri dari dua kata preposition (kata depan), contoh according
to, because of, next to, due to, ahead of, apart from dan lain-lain.

Contoh:

 You’ve been absent six times, according to our records (nda sudah absen enam
kali, menurut catatan kami).
 We sat next to each other (Kami duduk di samping satu sama lain).

 Participle Prepositions

Preposition (kata depan) yang berbentuk participle, contoh during. Considering, given,
including, following, regarding dan lain sebagainya.

Contoh:

 Please remain seated during the performance (Harap tetap duduk selama pertunjukan).
 Six people were killed in the riot, including a policeman (Enam orang tewas dalam
kerusuhan, termasuk seorang polisi ).

 Phrase Prepositions

Phrase Prepositions adalah gabungan antara sebuah phrase prepositions dengan objek, objek
yang biasanya mengikuti sebuah prepositions tersebut. Objek dari prepositions ini dapat
berupa noun (kata benda ), pronoun (kata ganti benda) atau noun phrase (frase kata benda),
agar lebih jelas coba perhatikan rumus berikut preposition + object contoh at (preposition) +
home (object) at home (phrase preposition), in time, with me, from my father dan lain
sebagainya.

Contoh:

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  We have so much fun in this classroom (Kami menemukan begitu
banyakkesenangan didalam kelas ini).
 All of my sisters are taller than 1 (Semua saudara saya lebih tinggi dari pada Saya).

B. Cooperative adjectives

Comparative adjectives are a form adjectives take when comparing two (and only two) things,
such as “she is older than him” or “he is more serious than them.” For most short adjectives,
we simply add the suffix -er at the end of the word, while for longer adjectives we usually add
the adverb more directly before the word.

In theory, any adjective can become a comparative adjective, as long as you follow the rules.
However, some words have meanings that can’t be compared, such as unique—something
cannot be more or less unique than something else.

How to use comparative adjectives in a sentence

The easiest way to use comparative adjectives in a sentence is this:

[Noun A] + [be or another linking verb] + [comparative adjective] + than + [Noun

B] In this construction, Noun A has more of the comparative adjective’s trait than

Noun B. The movie was more boring than the book.

She seems nicer than her sister.

This is the simplest way to use comparative adjectives, but it’s not the only way. Because
comparative adjectives are still adjectives, you can use them to form adjective phrases.

Stronger than a bull, Hercules easily completed his twelve tasks.

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You don’t always have to mention both things in a comparison. Sometimes one is already
mentioned, so your audience already knows what you’re talking about. In this case, the second
thing is assumed or understood, so you don’t need to repeat it.

My laptop weighs more than a brick! I need a newer one.

If one of the things is assumed and not mentioned, you don’t need the word than.

When to use more with comparative adjectives

Earlier we said that “short” adjectives use the suffix –er and “long” adjectives use the word
more before them. That is a little vague, so here are the specific adjectives that use more:

All adjectives with three or more syllables

Adjectives with two syllables except those that end in –er, –ow, –le, or –y

So if an adjective has two or more syllables, it will probably use more. The only exceptions
are two-syllable adjectives with the endings –er, –ow, –le, and –y—those use special spelling
rules with the suffix –er, explained below.

Also note that using more with comparative adjectives is similar to using less. You can add
less before any adjective without having to change the spelling.

5 spelling rules for forming comparative

adjectives 1 One-syllable adjectives

For most adjectives with one syllable, simply add the suffix –er at the end of the word
without changing the spelling.

Smart ->

smarter Kind ->

kinder

The exceptions are one-syllable adjectives that end in –e or a consonant-vowel-consonant,

which have different rules, explained below.
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2 One-syllable adjectives ending in –e

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If a one-syllable adjective already ends in -e, just add an -r at the end. You don’t need to
add another e.

Large ->

larger Free ->

freer

3 One-syllable adjectives ending in consonant-vowel-consonant

Be careful of one-syllable adjectives with the last three letters in a consonant-vowel-

consonant format, like big or thin. For these, you have to double the last consonant and then add
–er.

Big -> bigger

Thin -> thinner

4 One- or two-syllable adjectives ending in –y

If an adjective with either one or two syllables ends in a -y, first change the y into an i and
then add –er.

Dry -> drier

Likely ->

likelier

5 Two-syllable adjectives ending in –er, –ow, or –le

If an adjective with two syllables ends with -er (like bitter) or –ow (like narrow), you can
just add –er to the end without changing the spelling (bitterer or narrower). If a two-syllable
adjective ends in –le, you can just add –r without adding a second e.

Clever -> cleverer

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Shallow -> shallower

Simple -> simpler

Irregular comparative adjectives

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Not all adjectives follow the rules above. Try memorizing these irregular comparative
adjectives so you always know the right word to use.

Standard form Comparative

form Good better

Bad worse

Far farther or further

Fun funner or more

fun Handsome handsomer

Many more

Polite politer

Quiet quieter

Stupid stupider

Note that fun has two options. There’s a lot of confusion about funner vs. More fun, but the
truth is that both are perfectly acceptable in English. However, most modern English speakers
prefermorefun.

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 BAB III

PENUTUP

A. Kesimpulan
Preposition (kata depan) adalah kata yang biasanya ditempatkan sebelum noun atau
pronoun; menunjukkan hubungan antara noun dan pronoun itu dengan kata-kata lain dalam
kalimat atau bisa dikatakan juga preposition adalah kata yang digunakan untuk
menghubungkan kata benda yang berbeda yang kata-kata yang termasuk dalam preposition
antara lain at, in, on, about, under, of, to, for dan lain sebagainya.

Comparative adjectives are a form adjectives take when comparing two (and only two)
things, such as “she is older than him” or “he is more serious than them.” For most short
adjectives, we simply add the suffix -er at the end of the word, while for longer adjectives we
usually add the adverb more directly before the word.

B. Saran
In English grammar, prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun
or pronoun and other words in a sentence. Prepositions are used to indicate location, direction,
time, manner, or other relationships. Some common prepositions include “in,” “on,” “at,”
“under,” “over,” “from,” “to,” “with,” “about,” and “during.”

Comparative adjectives are used to compare two things, while superlative adjectives are used
to compare one thing with all others in a group. Comparative adjectives are formed by
adding “-er” to the base adjective, while superlative adjectives are formed by adding “-est” to
the base adjective. For example, “Joe is older than Mike” uses a comparative adjective,
while “Sheila is the youngest girl in the family” uses a superlative adjective. Here are some
examples of comparative and superlative adjectives: Comparative: bigger, faster, taller, older,
happier Superlative: biggest, fastest, tallest, oldest, happiest

Prepositions are not typically used after superlative adjectives. For example, “The castle is the
tallest in the city” does not require a preposition like “of” or “in” after the superlative
adjective “tallest.” However, in some cases, prepositions may be used with superlative
adjectives to express a different meaning. For example, “The city is the tallest in the country”
could be interpreted as “The city is the tallest among all cities in the country,” which might
require a preposition like “among” or “in.”

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Comparative and superlative adjectives are used in various contexts to describe the qualities
of nouns or pronouns. They help to express comparisons and make sentences more descriptive
and precise

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 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Hartle, B. S. (2003). Fundamentals Of English Grammar, Third Edition Teacher’s Guide.

United States Of America: Longman.

Herring, P. (2016). Complete English Grammar Rules. Farlex International.

UNUBI, A. S. (2016). CONJUNCTIONS IN ENGLISH: MEANING, TYPES AND

USES.
International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research.

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