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KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN

KANTOR SEWA DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR

HIJAU DI SURAKARTA

TUGAS AKHIR

Diajukan sebagai Syarat untuk Mencapai

Gelar Sarjana Arsitektur
Universitas Sebelas Maret

Disusun Oleh :
Muhammad Rochbani Utsman
I0214065

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
TAHUN 2018

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KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN

KANTOR SEWA DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR

HIJAU DI SURAKARTA

TUGAS AKHIR

Diajukan sebagai Syarat untuk Mencapai

Gelar Sarjana Arsitektur
Universitas Sebelas Maret

Disusun Oleh :
Muhammad Rochbani Utsman
I0214065

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
TAHUN 2018

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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................................... i

PENGESAHAN ...................................................................................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI.......................................................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................................. x
BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................................... 1

A. Pemahaman Judul ....................................................................................................... 1

1. Pengertian Judul .................................................................................................. 1
2. Esensi Judul ......................................................................................................... 1
B. Latar Belakang Masalah ............................................................................................. 2
1. Kebutuhan Kantor Sewa di Surakarta ................................................................. 2
C. Permasalahan dan Persoalan ........................................................................................ 3
1. Permasalahan ...................................................................................................... 3
2. Persoalan ............................................................................................................. 4
D. Tujuan dan Sasaran ...................................................................................................... 4
1. Tujuan ................................................................................................................. 4
2. Sasaran ................................................................................................................ 4
E. Lingkup dan Batasan ................................................................................................... 4
1. Lingkup ............................................................................................................... 4
2. Batasan................................................................................................................ 5
F. Metodologi ................................................................................................................... 5
1. Metode Perencanaan ........................................................................................... 5
2. Metode Perancangan ........................................................................................... 6
3. Bagan Metode Perencanaan dan Perancangan ................................................... 7
G. Sistematika ................................................................................................................... 8
1. Sistematika Konsep ............................................................................................ 8
2. Sistematika Studio .............................................................................................. 9

BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 11

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A. Tinjauan Kantor Sewa ............................................................................................... 11

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1. Pemahaman Kantor Sewa ................................................................................. 11

2. Fungsi Kantor Sewa ......................................................................................... 11
3. Jenis Kantor Sewa ........................................................................................... 11
4. Kegiatan Kantor Sewa ..................................................................................... 14
5. Sistem Penyewaan Kantor Sewa ..................................................................... 15
6. Fasilitas Penunjang Kantor Sewa ..................................................................... 15
7. Tipe-tipe Besaran Ruang Kantor ...................................................................... 15
8. Persyaratan Ruang Kantor Sewa ...................................................................... 16
9. Studi Preseden Kantor Sewa............................................................................. 19
B. Tinjauan Konsep Arsitektur Hijau ............................................................................. 20
1. Pemahaman Arsitektur Hijau............................................................................ 20
2. Konsep Perancangan Arsitektur Hijau ............................................................. 21
3. Kesimpulan Prinsip-prinsip Desain Arsitektur Hijau ....................................... 23
4. Studi Preseden Arsitektur Hijau ....................................................................... 24

BAB III. METODE PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN .................................... 25

A. Metodologi ................................................................................................................ 25
1. Metode Perencanaan ......................................................................................... 25
2. Metode Perancangan ......................................................................................... 29
B. Kerangka Pola Pikir ................................................................................................... 30

BAB IV. TINJAUAN DATA ............................................................................................... 31

A. Gambaran Umum Kota Surakarta .............................................................................. 31

1. Kondisi Geografis dan Administrtif Surakarta ................................................. 31
2. Kondisi Demografi Kota Surakarta .................................................................. 32
3. Kondisi Topografi Kota Surakarta ................................................................... 33
4. Kondisi Klimatologi Kota Surakarta ................................................................ 34
5. Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) ........................................................... 35
B. Perekonomian di Kota Surakarta ............................................................................... 39
1. Tingkat Kemiskinan ......................................................................................... 40
2. Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka ........................................................................ 41
C. Potensi Kota Surakarta ............................................................................................... 42
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1. Potensi Ekonomi ............................................................................................... 42
2. Potensi Iklim dan Cuaca ................................................................................... 43

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3. Perkembangan Potensi Kota ............................................................................. 43

BAB V. ANALISIS PERENCANAAN ............................................................................... 45

A. Pengertian Bangunan Kantor Sewa sebagai Objek Rancangan ................................. 45

1. Kantor Sewa .................................................................................................... 45
B. Fungsi Bangunan yang Direncanakan ...................................................................... 45
C. Visi, Misi, dan Tujuan Perancangan .......................................................................... 45
1. Visi.................................................................................................................... 45
2. Misi ................................................................................................................... 46
3. Tujuan ............................................................................................................... 46
D. Kelembagaan Objek Perancangan ............................................................................. 46
1. Bagan Kelembagaan ......................................................................................... 46
E. Lokasi Perancangan ................................................................................................... 47
F. Pengguna dan Kegiatan dalam Kantor Sewa ............................................................. 49
1. Kegiatan yang diwadahi ................................................................................... 49
2. Pengguna dalam bangunan ............................................................................... 50
G. Analisis aktivitas dan kebutuhan ruang dalam Kantor Sewa ..................................... 51
1. Aktivitas dan kebutuhan ruang Kantor Sewa ................................................... 51
2. Aktivitas Penunjang .......................................................................................... 53
3. Aktivitas Servis................................................................................................. 53
4. Aktivitas Sektor Informal ................................................................................. 54
H. Arsitektur Hijau sebagai Pendekatan Konsep Perancangan ...................................... 54
1. Aplikasi konsep Arsitektur Hijau pada Perancangan ....................................... 55

BAB VI. ANALISIS PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR ................................................. 58

A. Analisis Peruangan..................................................................................................... 58
1. Analisis Pengguna dan Kelompok Ruang ........................................................ 58
2. Analisis Kegiatan dan Kebutuhan Ruang Kantor Sewa ................................... 59
3. Analisis Persyaratan Ruang .............................................................................. 61
4. Analisis Pola Hubungan Ruang ........................................................................ 62
5. Analisis Luasan Ruang ..................................................................................... 67
B. Analisis Tapak ........................................................................................................... 71
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1. Lokasi Site Terpilih .......................................................................................... 71
2. Kondisi Eksisting Site ....................................................................................... 72

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3. Analisis Pengolahan Tapak terhadap Lingkungan ........................................... 73

C. Tampilan Bangunan ................................................................................................... 85
D. Analisis Stuktur Bangunan ........................................................................................ 86
1. Analisis Sistem Struktur ................................................................................... 86
E. Analisis Utilitas Bangunan ........................................................................................ 90
1. Analisis Sistem Jaringan Listrik ....................................................................... 90
2. Analisis Air Bersih ........................................................................................... 91
3. Analisis Sistem Pembuangan Air Kotor ........................................................... 91
4. Analisis Sistem Penanggulangan Kebakaran ................................................... 93
5. Analisis Sistem Penghawaan ............................................................................ 94
6. Analisis Sistem Sampah ................................................................................... 94
7. Analisis Sistem Air Hujan ................................................................................ 95
8. Analisis Sistem Penangkal Petir ....................................................................... 95

BAB VII. KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN .................................... 96

A. Konsep Perencanaan .................................................................................................. 96

1. Penguna dan kelompok Kegiatan......................................................................... 96
2. Arsitektur Hijau sebagai Pendekatan Konsep Perancangan ................................ 96
B. Konsep Perancangan .................................................................................................. 98
1. Konsep Peruangan ............................................................................................... 98
2. Konsep Tapak ................................................................................................... 104
3. Konsep Bentuk dan Tampilan Bangunan .......................................................... 110
4. Konsep Struktur ................................................................................................. 111
5. Konsep Utilitas.................................................................................................. 113

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1. Metode Perencanaan dan Perancangan ............................................................... 7

Gambar 2.1. Preseden Kantor Sewa Wisma Sudirman Jakarta ............................................. 19
Gambar 2.2. Preseden Interior Kantor Sewa Wisma Sudirman Jakarta ................................ 19
Gambar 2.3. Preseden Bullitt Centre Seattle USA ................................................................ 24
Gambar 3.1. Kerangka Pola Pikir .......................................................................................... 30
Gambar 4.1. Peta Kota Surakarta ........................................................................................... 31
Gambar 4.2. Peta Rencana Struktur Ruang Kota Surakarta .................................................. 38
Gambar 4.3. Peta Rencana Pola Ruang Kota Surakarta ........................................................ 38
Gambar 4.4. Peta Rencana Kawasan Strategi Kota Surakarta ............................................... 39
Gambar 4.5. Perbandingan presentase kemiskinan Kota Surakarta
dengan Kabupaten/Kota Lain di Jawa Tengah Tahun 2014 .................................................. 44
Gambar 4.6. Grafik Perkembangan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka
Kota Surakarta dan Kota Lain di sekitarnya Tahun 2014 ...................................................... 45
Gambar 5.1. Struktur Organisasi Kantor Sewa ...................................................................... 46
Gambar 5.2. Lokasi Site......................................................................................................... 48
Gambar 6.1. Kelompok Ruang .............................................................................................. 59
Gambar 6.2. Diagram matriks ruang penerima ...................................................................... 62
Gambar 6.3. Pola hubungan ruang penerima ......................................................................... 63
Gambar 6.4. Diagram matriks ruang pengelola Kantor Sewa ............................................... 63
Gambar 6.5. Pola hubungan ruang pengelola Kantor Sewa .................................................. 64
Gambar 6.6. Diagram matriks ruang utama ........................................................................... 64
Gambar 6.7. Pola hubungan ruang utama .............................................................................. 65
Gambar 6.8. Diagram matriks ruang servis ........................................................................... 65
Gambar 6.9. Pola hubungan ruang servis .............................................................................. 66
Gambar 6.10. Diagram matriks ruang penunjang .................................................................. 66
Gambar 6.11. Pola hubungan ruang penunjang ..................................................................... 67
Gambar 6.12. Lokasi site terpilih ........................................................................................... 71
Gambar 6.13. Kondisi Eksisting dan Potensi sekitar lokasi .................................................. 72
Gambar 6.14. Analisis pencapaian site .................................................................................. 73
Gambar 6.15. Respon analisis pencapaian site ...................................................................... 74
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Gambar 6.16. Analisis kebisingan ......................................................................................... 75

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Gambar 6.17. Respon analisis kebisingan ............................................................................. 76

Gambar 6.18. Analisis matahari............................................................................................. 77
Gambar 6.19. Analisis view dan orientasi .............................................................................. 79
Gambar 6.20. Respon analisis view dan orientasi .................................................................. 80
Gambar 6.21. Analisis Angin................................................................................................. 80
Gambar 6.22. Respon analisis Angin ..................................................................................... 81
Gambar 6.23. Analisis topografi ............................................................................................ 82
Gambar 6.24. Analisis vegetasi ............................................................................................. 83
Gambar 6.25. Analisis zonasi ................................................................................................ 85
Gambar 6.26. Pondasi tiang pancang ..................................................................................... 87
Gambar 6.27. Retaining wall ................................................................................................. 88
Gambar 6.28. Struktur dinding basement .............................................................................. 89
Gambar 6.29. Struktur kolom balok ...................................................................................... 90
Gambar 7.1. Konsep Pola Hubungan Ruang ....................................................................... 103
Gambar 7.2. Kondisi Eksisting site...................................................................................... 105
Gambar 7.3. Konsep pencapaian site ................................................................................... 106
Gambar 7.4. Konsep kebisingan .......................................................................................... 107
Gambar 7.5. Konsep matahari ............................................................................................. 108
Gambar 7.6. Konsep matahari ............................................................................................. 108
Gambar 7.7. Konsep angin................................................................................................... 109
Gambar 7.8. Konsep zonasi ................................................................................................. 110
Gambar 7.9. Pondasi tiang pancang ..................................................................................... 111
Gambar 7.10. Struktur dinding basement ............................................................................ 112
Gambar 7.11. Struktur beton bertulang................................................................................ 112
Gambar 7.12. Sistem jaringan listrik ................................................................................... 113
Gambar 7.13. Sistem air bersih ............................................................................................ 113
Gambar 7.14. Sistem air kotor ............................................................................................. 114
Gambar 7.15. Sistem Kebakaran ......................................................................................... 114
Gambar 7.16. Sistem Penghawaan....................................................................................... 115
Gambar 7.17. Sistem Radioaktif .......................................................................................... 115
Gambar 7.18. Sistem komunikasi ........................................................................................ 115
Gambar 7.19. Sistem keamanan........................................................................................... 116
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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1. Sistematika Studio ................................................................................................. 9

Tabel 2.1. Nilai Indeks Silau.................................................................................................. 18
Tabel 2.1. Kebutuhan Pencahayaan ....................................................................................... 18
Tabel 4.1. Pembagian wilayah Adminsitrasi Kota Surakarta ................................................ 32
Tabel 4.2. Jumlah Penduduk Kota Surakarta Per Kecamatan Tahun 2011-2015 .................. 33
Tabel 4.3. Kemiringan Lahan Tiap Kecamatan di Kota Surakarta Tahun 2011.................... 34
Tabel 4.4. Arahan Pembagian Sub Pusat Kota Surakarta Tahun 2011 – 2031 ...................... 37
Tabel 5.1. Analisis aktivitas dan kebutuhan ruang kantor sewa ............................................ 51
Tabel 5.2. Analisis aktivitas penunjang ................................................................................. 53
Tabel 5.3. Analisis aktivitas servis ........................................................................................ 53
Tabel 5.4. Analisis aktivitas informal .................................................................................... 54
Tabel 6.1. Kelompok Pengguna ............................................................................................. 58
Tabel 6.2. Kelompok Ruang .................................................................................................. 59
Tabel 6.3. Persyaratan Ruang ................................................................................................ 61
Tabel 6.4. Standar luasan ruang kantor menurut Neufert, Data Arsitek ................................ 68
Tabel 6.5. Standar luasan ruang kantor menurut Neufert, Data Arsitek ................................ 68
Tabel 6.6. Standar luasan ruang kantor menurut Neufert, Data Arsitek ............................... 68
Tabel 6.7. Luasan Ruang Pengelola Kantor Sewa ................................................................. 69
Tabel 6.8. Luasan Ruang Penerima ....................................................................................... 69
Tabel 6.9. Luasan Ruang Servis ............................................................................................ 70
Tabel 6.10. Luasan Ruang Penunjang.................................................................................... 70
Tabel 6.11. Total Luasan Ruang ............................................................................................ 71
Tabel 7.1. Konsep Peruangan Kantor Sewa........................................................................... 98
Tabel 7.2. Konsep kebutuhan ruang berdasarkan kelompok ruang ..................................... 100
Tabel 7.3. Konsep kualitas ruang ......................................................................................... 101
Tabel 7.4. Total Luasan Ruang ............................................................................................ 104

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