Pembelajaran Bahasa

Inggris Berbasis Teks

What is a text?

We live in a world of words.

When these words are put together to communicate a
meaning, a piece of text is created.
When you speak or write to communicate a massage,
you are constructing a text
When you read, listen to, or view a piece of text, you
interpreting its meaning.
Creating a text requires us to make a choices about the
words we use and how we put them together
If we make the right choices then we can communicate
with others, our choices of words will depend on our
purpose and our surroundings or context

Pengertian Teks

Teks adalah satuan bahasa yang mengungkapkan

makna secara kontekstual.
Batasan teks tidak diukur dari jumlah kalimat atau
halaman yang dikandung, tetapi dari makna yang
diungkapkan dan konteks yang melingkupinya
Demikian pula, kualitas teks tidak tidak dinilai dari
panjang pendeknya.
Teks ilmiah sering diidentikkan dengan teks tulis,
sedangkan teks non-ilmiah dengan teks lisan
Teks tulis bukanlah teks yang ditulis, dan sebaliknya,
teks lisan bukanlah teks yang dilisankan.
Ada teks tulis yang disampaikan secara lisan, misalnya
berita yang dibaca oleh penyiar radio atau televisi.Teks
lisan yang ditulis, misalnya teks percakapan yang
ditulis.

Teks Penceritaan (Recount)

Contoh teks penceritaan:

The Ferry Trip

On Tuesday we went on a harbor cruise.
We went underneath the harbour bridge and
then we went past some submarines.
When we got to Clifton Gardens we had a
picnic. After we had finished, we played on
the climbing. Then Mr. Robinson came over
and said Mr. Moses was giving out frozen
oranges. Then after we finished that we went
home.
Although it was tiring, we were happy.

Ciri Teks Recount:

Berisi siapa (pelaku) melakukan apa

(peristiwa), maka lebih dipentingkan pelaku
daripada peristiwa (pelaku dicetak miring),
Lebih banyak memanfaatkan Past Tense
(dicetak tebal),
Lebih banyak mengandung kata kerja
material yaitu yang menunjukkan kata
kerja yang menunjukkan aktivitas (3
kelompok kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris,
kata kerja :1) material, 2) mental, 3)
relasional),
Banyak memanfaatkan konjungsi temporal,
seperti when, then dan after.

Kosa kata yang lazim dibutuhkan:

Ket. waktu Konjungasi Kata kerja

Last week
- when
- went
Last month
- after
- did
Last year - after that - had
Last time - before
- made
Yesterday
- before that
- came
Three days ago - not long after that
-arrived
2 months ago - first of all - got
A few weeks ago
-finally
- met
In 2001 to be (was,
were)

Kata Kerja
Kata Benda
- conducted - research
- carried out - survey
- observed - programme
- collected
- observation
- concluded - experiment
- made - activity
- came - conclusion
- worked
- method/methodology
- analyzed
- data
- discussed - analysis

Teks Prosedur
Contoh teks prosedur :

How to Operate This Washing

Machine
Open the door, and load the machine with clothes.
Close the door securely, and put Fizz into the
soap compartment.
Select the washing temperature (hot or warm)
Put a 50 piece into the lost on the right.
The clothes are ready.

Ciri-ciri Teks Prosedur:

Memanfaatkan Simple Present Tense

Lebih banyak memanfaatkan kata
kerja material
Selain dengan kalimat perintah, dapat
dinyatakan dengan kalimat pasif,
Terkait dengan poin 2 di atas,
partisipannya adalah manusia
Memanfaatkan konjungsi yang
menunjukkan urutan seperti first,
second, next, then dan finally

Teks Deskripsi
Contoh Teks Deskripsi:
Desert
Deserts are very dry and hot regions where only few
plants and animals can live. Deserts in the world have
several characteristics in common. Firstly, they all
have an annual rainfall of less than ten inches.
Although there is no water on the surface of deserts,
there is much underground. Secondly, there are great
differences between day and night temperatures.
During the day, the temperature is very high, but at
night it becomes very low. Finally, they are inhabited
by plants and animals which have adapted to lack of
water and the changing temperatures.

Teks Deskripsi (description) sering pula

disebut paparan, tentang sesuatu
sebagaimana adanya.
Yang dipaparkan adalah bentuknya,
ukurannya, unsurnya, atau sifat-sifatnya.
Teks deskripsi dapat berupa paparan
sebuah proses, misalnya proses terjadinya
hujan
Teks deskripsi bertujuan untuk
memaparkan what things are as they are
atau what things do as they do

Ciri Teks Deskripsi:

Teks deskripsi didominasi penggunaan

simple present tense
Teks deskripsi lebih banyak memanfaatkan
kata kerja relational dan material
Teks deskripsi tidak memanfaatkan
partisipan manuasia, sehingga yang lebih
penting adalah pokok yang dipaparkan
Pada teks deskripsi , konjungsi seperti firstly,
secondly dll , hanya digunakan semata-mata
untuk menata gagasan
Pada teks deskripsi, kata sifat merupakan
alat yang bangus untuk melukiskan bentuk,
ciri-ciri dan keadaan pokok yang dipaparkan
Teks deskripsi biasanya mencerminkan
hubungan bagian dan keseluruhan

Kosa kata yang lazim pada teks deskripsi:

Kata benda(wil.adm) Kata benda/Sifat
(Keadaan Geografi)

Continent Country State

Country Territory Region
Area
Province Regency District
Subdistrict
village

mountain, mountainous
hill, hilly
flat
plain
forest, wooded
grassland, grassy
river
lake
sea
ocean
- desert

Iklim
Cuaca Musim
(Kata Sifat)
(Kata Sifat) (Kata Benda)
Polar
- wet/rainy - spring
Arid
- dry - summer
Maritime - hot - autumn /fall
Desert
- windy
- winter
Tropicale -chilly
Quatorial - mild, humid

Bahasa
Arah Mata angin
(Kata benda)
(kata benda, kata sifat)
-

Native language - north, northen

Mother tongue - north-east, north-eastern
Indonesian (language) - east, eastern
Sundanese
- south-east, south-eastern
Balinese - west, western

Contoh lain formulasi bahasa dan kosa kata teks

deskripsi:
There is a trend
that the increase every
year.
a tendency
Atau:
The production
tends to
increase every ye
will
is likely to
Atau:
It is predicted that.

projected
estimated

Teks Eksplanasi

Contoh teks Eksplanasi

HOW DESERTS REMAIN DRY
There are three possible reasons why desert remain dry.
These are high mountain barriers, cold ocean currents and
high pressure systems
Mountain Barriers:
When warm air passes over the ocean it pick up moisture in
the form of water vapour. As this moist travels over the land,
it rises to pass over mountain ranges. When it begins to rise,
the air cools and this causes the water vapour to condence
into droplets which fall as rain. When the reaches the other
side of the mountain barriers, it has lost all its moisture and
so the other side of the mountain remains dry.

Teks Deskripsi lanjutan:

Teks deskripsi dapat berupa sajian

penjelasan tentang gambar, tabel,
grafik, atau diagram.
Teks ilmiah sering memanfaatkan
gambar, tabel, grafik atau diagram
sebagai media penyajian data

Formula bahasa yang lazim pd teks deskripsi:

It can be seen from the
picture
that
table
graph
diagram
chart
statistics
figures
percentage
Atau:
As (it is) shown in
Table 2,
As can be seen from / in
Graph 1,
According to
Chart 3, .

Atau:
As (it is shown in the picture,
As can be seen from/in the table,
According to the
graph,
diagram,
chart,
statistics,
figures
Atau:
-Table 2
shown that
-Graph 1
-Chart 3
-Diagram 2

Ciri kebahasaan teks eksplansi:

Berfokus pd pelaku bukan pelaku secara umum, artinya

yang lebih penting adalah pokok yg dijelaskan bukan,
org yang menjelaskan
Lebih banyak menggunakan present tense
Lebih banyak menggunakan kata kerja material dan
relasional
Memanfaatkan bentuk pasif untuk memberikan
tekanan pada tema
Menggunakan konjungsi temporal dan kausal seperti;
as, when, since, because, so dan therefore. Selain itu
hubungan sebab akibat dpt dinyatakan dengan kata
kerja seperti: cause, make, produce, result in,etc.
Ekplanasi ditulis untuk membuat justifikasi bahwa
sesuatu yg diterangkan secara kausal itu benar adanya

Formula bahasa yang lazim pada teks

Eksplanasi:
Dengan konjungsi:
Sedimentation
because of
erosions
Occurs as a result of
as a consequence of
on the account of
owing to
due to
through
Atau:
Sedimentation occurs
because there are
erosions
since
as
if
when
Atau:
There are erosions, thus sedimentation occur
so,

Atau:
There are erosions. thus,
sedimentation
occurs.
so,
as a result,
therefore,
Hence,
Accordingly,
Consequently,
That is why.

Dengan kata kerja

- Sedimentation is caused

by erosions.

Atau,
Erosions
lead to
sedimentation.
result in
cause
make
produce
Dengan kata benda:
- The effect of erosions
is sedimentation.
One result
The consequence
Atau:
The cause of
sedimentation
is erosions.
The reason for

Teks Eksposisi

Teks eksposisi (exposition) adalah

teks yang menyajikan pendapat atau
gagasan yg dilihat dari satu sudut
pandang dan berfungsi untuk
menyakinkan pihak lain bahwa yang
apa yg disampaikan benar berdsarkan
argumentasi atau alasan yg diajukan

Contoh Teks Eksposisi:

GAM IS UNTRUSTWORTHY
From Koran Tempo
The Cessation of Hostilities Agreement between
the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) and the
Indonesian government, inked in Geneva,
Switzerland, some time ago, has allowed free
rein to GAMs activities.
Since the singing og agreement, GAM has
already committed some 300 acts of violence
in Naggroe Aceh Darrussalam (NAD). Why have
we let happen? Four mounths have elapsed and
nothing of significance has been achieved.

Ciri teks Eksposisi

Secara kebahasaan teks eksposisi disusun dg ciri-ciri

menonjol sbb:
Teks eksposisi berisi pandangan pribadi penulisnya
dan ditandai dg penggunaan kata ganti I atau we
Teks eksposisi mencakup penggunaan kata kerja
material, relasional dan mental sekaligus, seperti: I
believe that atau I think
Teks eksposisi memuat argumentasi satu sisi dan
jumalh argumentasi tidak ditentukan. Selain
merupakan milik penulis sendiri, dapat pula
dikembangkan dari pendapat umum yg diambil dari
sumber lain yg disebutkan sebagai referensi

Formula bahasa yg lazim pada teks

eksposisi:

Untuk mempengaruhi orang alain:

- There no doubt
that
- I (strongly) believe
- It is obious
- It is clear
- It is undeniable
- It is unavoidable
- etc

Untuk menggalang pendapat umum:

- It is
Generally
believe
that
Commonly
accepted
widely
argued

Untuk membuat kesimpulan:

- In conclusion,
it can be stated that.
- To conclude,
- Therefore,
- Altogether,
- On the whole,
- In all,
- Finally,

atau
-

From the statement, it can be concluded that.

Above,
From the facts,
On this basis,

Kosa kata yang mungkin dibutuhkan:

Kata sifat Kata kerja Kata Benda
Clear
- argue
- argument
Obvious - believe
- belief
Evident - state
- statement
True
- conclude - conclusion
- point out
- point

Konjungsi
Kata Keterangan
- inconclusion
- generally
- to conclude - commonly
- therefore - widely
- altogether - usually
- on the whole
- in all
- First
- second
- Finally

Teks Diskusi

Teks diskusi adalah teks yg

menyajikan sebuah isu yg ditinjau
darai dua sudut pandang, yaitu
sudut pandang yang mendukung
isu yang dikemukakan, sedang
sudut pandang yang lain
menentang isu itu.

Contoh Teks Diskusi:

Using Nuclear Energy Should Be Avoided For
the Sake Of Environmental Safety
Nuclear energy is commonly offered as an alternative
to overcome the crisis of energy. The debate whether the
use of nuclear energy is an appropriate choice has not
come to an end . Some people agree with the utilization of
it because of its benefits .Some others ,however, disagree
because of its risks to environment . For the sake of the
environmental safety , nuclear energy should be avoided.
Those who agree with the operation of nuclear reactors
usually argue that the energy produced from them can be
used for multipurpose .The reactors can produce
radioisotopes utilized in medical , industrial , and
agricultural fields. They also claim that nuclear energy is
the only feasible choice to answer the ever-increasing
energy needs. According to them , the other sources of
energy :oil, coal , and liquid natural gas are not renewable
and safe , while nuclear energy can be sustainable
produced in a safe way.

Ciri teks diskusi

Bentuk bahasa yg menandai teks diskusi sbb:
Teks diskusi lebih banyak menggunakan simple Present
tenses .
Teks diskusi mengandung kata kerja material, relasional,
dan mental sekaligus .pada contoh ,kata kerja material di
garisbawahi ,kata kerja relasional dicetak tebal ,dan kata
kerja mental di beri garis ganda.
Teks diskusi menggunakan modalitas untuk membangun
opini atau rekomendasi . Pada contoh modalitas yang
dimaksud adalah should (di cetak tebal dan miring) ,
yang lebih mengarah kepada saran atau anjuran .
konjungsi yang menonjol pada teks diskusi adalah
onjungsi yang menunjukan kontras ,seperti but, however,
on the other hand, dan in contrast

Formulasi bahasa pd teks

diskusi:
Tax intensification
but, it is hard
Is good for however, for people
The government nevertheless,
to pay
in contrast,
on the contrary,
on the other hand,
meanwhile

Kosa kata yang mungkin

dibutuhkan pada teks diskusi:

Kata kerja
- argue - state
- claim - believe - insist
- suggest - support - critize - confront
-etc

Kata benda
argument (for,against)
bilief
claim
suggestion
recommendation
consideration
significance
criticism
- confrontation

Konjungsi / preposisi yang menandai

teks diskusi:

Konjungsi/preposisi
- but
- however
- nevertheless
- in contrast (to)
- contrary to
- on the other hand
- instead
- for
- against
- in favour of
strong/good

Kata Sifat
- (completely) different
- divergent
- contradictory
- advantageous
- disadvantageous
- beneficial
- meaningful
- meaningless
- main
- weak/bad,