INTRODUCTION TO

PENERJEMAHAN TEKS KHUSUS

(LSBANGUN)
REVIEW: WHAT IS TRANSLATION?
Translation is an activity comprising the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one languagecalled the source textand the production of a new, equivalent text in another languagecalled the target text, or the translation.

Tiga Kualitas Penerjemah

Profesional
1. Menguasai pengetahuan umum yang luas (dan
pengetahuan khusus bila ia harus menerjemahkan
teks teknis)
2. Memiliki kecerdasan untuk memahami sebuah
teks dan melihat secara cepat logika teks yang
harus diterjemahkan, dan
3. Memiliki kemampuan retorika, yakni kemampuan
merekayasa bahasa untuk menghasilkan
terjemahan yang sepadan, akurat, dan berterima
pada pembacanya. (Hoed, dalam Evand Halim:
Lokakarya Penerjemahan Teks Hukum, HPI, 17
Maret 2013)

Jenis Penerjemahan Berdasarkan

Penyampaian
1. Penerjemahan TulisPenerjemah
2. Penerjemahan LisanJuru Bahasa
Sumber Penerjemahan Tulis:
Buku, Non Buku, Subtitle Film,
Dokumen Hukum, Pelokalan,
Transcipta (Iklan, Menu Restoran)

CARA KERJA PENERJEMAH

1. BEKERJA TETAP DI PERUSAHAAN
2. BEKERJA DI RUMAH SEBAGAI
PENERJEMAH LEPAS
3. BEKERJA DI RUMAH SEBAGAI
PENERJEMAH TETAP PERUSAHAAN
4. BEKERJA SAMBILAN SEBAGAI
PENERJEMAH LEPAS

PERUSAHAAN YANG MEMERLUKAN

PENERJEMAH TETAP
1. Perusahaan Pertambangan Asing
2. Perusahaan Migas Asing
3. Perbankan Asing
4. Kantor Akuntan/Audit
5. Firma Hukum/Kantor Pengacara
6. Kantor Notaris
7. Media (Televisi, Koran, Media Online)
8. LSM Asing
9. Perwakilan Badan Dunia
10.Perusahaan manufaktur

PEMBERI PEKERJAAN UNTUK

PENERJEMAH LEPAS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Penerbit di Indonesia
Biro Penerjemahan
Perusahaan Multinasional
Perusahaan Periklanan
Kedutaan
Pemerintah atau BUMN
LSM Internasional
Perorangan
Perusahaan Pembuat Subtitle Film

SYARAT PENERJEMAH YANG

BAIK
1. Menguasai Bahasa Sasaran (Bahasa
Indonesia); terampil EYD
2. Menguasai Bahasa Sumber
3. Mengenal Bahan Terjemahan Dengan Baik
4. Mengetahui Cara Mencari Dan Menggunakan
Sumber Bantuan
5. Menguasai Beberapa Program Komputer:
Word, Excel, Powerpoint
6. Menguasai CAT TOOL(S)
7. Memiliki Akses Internet

ALAT BANTU PENERJEMAHAN DI ERA

2000-AN
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Program Komputer: Word, Excel, Powerpoint

CAT Tools: Wordfast, Trados, Omega3
Kamus Online :Kateglo, the freedictionary
Wikipedia, Google Search
Quick Time Player
Bahtera, Milis Penerjemah Indonesia:
bahtera@yahoogroups.com
7. Forum HPI di Facebook: sekretariat@hpi.or.id
8. Proz.com, Milis Penerjemah Internasional

DI MANA MENDAPATKAN
PEKERJAAN?
1. Penerjemah Buku:

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

http://blog.bahtera.org/2009/08/car
a-merintiskarier-sebagai-penerjemah
-lepas-buku/
proZ, translatorcafe
HPI Notice
Milis Bahtera
SiHapei:http://sihapei.hpi.or.id/
Gengo.com

BERAPA HONOR
PENERJEMAH?
1. Berdasarkan halaman hasil terjemahan (1
halaman = 200 kata; Ariel, 12 fontsize,
double space):
. Migas/Pertambangan/: Rp 75-150.000
. Perbankan/Kantor Hukum/Notaris: 50-100
. LSM Asing/Perwakilan Badan Dunia: 50-75
. Manufaktur: Rp 40.000 Rp 60.000
. Media: Rp 30.000 Rp 60.000
. Penerbit: Rp 15.000 Rp 50.000

BERAPA HONOR PENERJEMAH

(Lanjutan)
2. Berdasarkan jumlah kata dalam dokumen asli
3. Berdasarkan jumlah karakter
4. Berdasarkan jumlah jam yg digunakan dlm menerjemahkan
5. Berdasarkan jumlah subtitle dlm satu film
6. Berdasarkan durasi film (jumlah menit)
7. Berdasarkan derajat kesulitan
8. Berdasarkan jenis bahan yg diterjemahkan
9. Bahasa yg penerjemahnya langka
10.Peraturan Menkeu No. 084/PMK.02/2011: Indonesia-Inggris dan
sebaliknya: Rp 125.000.
[Sumber: Diolah dari Bahan Seminar Penerjemahan Not Lost in
Translation Universitas Warmadewa, Denpasar, Bali, 20 April
2013]

The Nature of the Legal

Language
We lawyers cannot write plain English. We use
eight words to say what could be said in two. We
use old, arcane phrases to express commonplace
ideas. Seeking to be precise, we become
redundant. Seeking to be cautious, we become
verbose. Our sentences twist on, phrase within
clause, clause within clause, glazing the eyes and
numbing the minds of our readers. The result is a
writing style that has, according to one critic, four
outstanding characteristics. It is: (1) wordy, (2)
unclear, (3) pompous, and (4) dull. (Wydick in
Evan Halim, 2013)

Example 1: Ina Eng

KUHPer Pasal 1425
Tidaklah biaya rugi dan bunga, harus
digantinya, apabila lantaran keadaan
memaksa atau lantaran suatu
kejadian tak disengaja si berutang
berhalangan memberikan atau
berbuat sesuatu yang diwajibkan,
atau lantaran hal-hal yang sama
telah melakukan perbuatan yang
dilarang.

Example 2: Eng - Ina

Contractual Clause
The Security Agent shall not, nor shall any receiver appointed pursuant to any Finance
Document or any attorney or agent of the Security Agent by reason of taking possession of
the whole or any part of the Security Property or any other reason whatsoever and whether
as mortgagee in possession or on any other basis whatsoever, be liable for any loss or
damage arising from the realization of the whole or any part of the Security Property or any
other property, assets, rights or undertakings of whatsoever nature whether or not owned by
the Obligors (other than the Individual Guarantor) or any other person or in which the
Obligors (other than the Individual Guarantor) or any other person has an interest, from any
act, default or omission in relation to all or any of the Security Property or any other
property, assets, rights or undertakings of whatsoever nature whether or not owned by the
Obligors (other than the Individual Guarantor) or any other person or in which the Obligors
(other than the Individual Guarantor) or any other person has an interest, or from any act,
default or omission in relation to the whole or any part of the Security Property or from any
exercise or non-exercise by it of any right, remedy or power conferred upon it in relation to
the whole or any part of the Security Property or any other property, assets, rights or
undertakings of whatsoever nature whether or not owned by the Obligors (other than the
Individual Guarantor) or any other person or in which the Obligors (other than the Individual
Guarantor) or any other person has an interest, by or pursuant to any Finance Document or
otherwise, unless such loss or damage is financially judicially determined to have been
caused by its fraud, willful default or gross negligence.

Tiga syarat terjemahan teks hukum

yang baik (1):
1. Terjemahan yang baik harus benar
(accurate) dan sepadan (congruent)
bila ditinjau dari aspek linguistik
maupun hukum: Dalam
penerjemahan teks hukum, istilahistilah hukum harus diterjemahkan
secara tepat pula semantiknya agar
tidak terjadi salah tafsir. (Hoed
dalam Halim, 2013)

Tiga syarat terjemahan teks hukum

yang baik (2):
2. Tolok ukur utama dalam penilaian
penerjemahan adalah kesepadanan
makna antara teks sumber dengan
teks sasaran. Terjemahan dianggap
salah apabila mengandung distorsi
makna referensial (tidak sekadar
dianggap sebagai terjemahan
buruk). Machali dalam Hail, 2013)

Tiga syarat terjemahan teks hukum

yang baik (3):

Terjemahan teks hukum

harus setia pada teks sumber
dan memperhatikan laras
(register), gaya (style) dalam
bahasa hukum (Halaim,
2013)

3.

Some Principles of Translating Legal

Documents (1)
1. The legal translation should be faithful to the
source text.
Being FAITHFUL means:
. The translation should reflect accurately the
meaning of the original text.
. The translator should refrain from changing the
style of the source text.
. Nothing should be arbitrarily added or removed
to the extent that it affects meaning, though
sometimes part of the sentence can be
transposed.

Practice 1
I hereby appoint, designate and
constitute Jonathan Tahir,
M.Hum, as my true and lawful
attorney-in-fact for me and in my
name, place, and stead for my
use and benefit.

Some Principles of Translating Legal

Documents (2)
2. Faithful Translation does not mean that the
translator should do the translation word for
word, like machine translation.
The translator should at all times prioritize
readability of his/her translation by making any
necessary changes through addition, deletion,
tarnsposition, paraphrasing, etc.
Such adaptation is called the translators
strategy, which is necessary to achieve a
certain degree of readability and naturalness in
the translation.

Practice 2
No Party shall assign, convey,
sell, dispose of or otherwise
transfer any of the Assets, either
now or hereafter existing,
whether in part or in whole, to
any third parties without the
express written consent of the
other Party.

 Partai manapun tidak diizinkan untuk

menetapkan, menyampaikan,
menjual, mengatur atau sebaliknya
pemindaian aset apapun, baik untuk
saat ini maupun seterusnya, baik
sebagian maupun keseluruhan,
kepada pihak ketiga manapun tanpa
melampirkan izin dari partai lain

Practice 3
Licensor further agrees that
neither it nor any of its legal
representative will institute
any action or proceeding
against Licensee.

Some Principles of Translating Legal

Documents (3)
3. The translator should translate terminologies
consistently into the target language.
In legislation and other drafting, there is a convention
that the same idea is always expressed using the same
wording.
In statutory interpretation, this convention is reflected in
the rule that ordinarily the same words should be
understood to have the same meanings while different
words should be understood to have different meanings.
In short, variations in wording in a legal text are generally
taken to signal a change in meaning. There is no room for
aesthetically motivated variation in the translation of
terminologies.

As Robert Dick writes:

Monotony is not abhorrent to a drafter. There
is great satisfaction and comfort in seeing the
same term over and over again. Reliance on
the same meaning of the terms speeds the
understanding of the context. This is much
like an editor who tries to achieve
consistency of type faces for headings of a
book as well as consistency in numbering
patterns for footnotes and chapters. The
same approach is required for recurring word
groups or expressions.

BE CONSISTENT

Perjanjian: Contract, Agreement

Pasal: Article, Section, Clause
Harta/Kekayaan: Assets, Property, Estate
Penggugat: Plaintiff, Claimant
Appellant: Pembanding, Pemohon Banding
Biaya hukum: Legal fees, Legal costs
Penyewa: Tenant, Lessee
Pemegang saham: Stockholder,
Shareholder

Some Principles of Translating Legal

Documents (4)
4. The translator should do
terminological research to ensure
lexical accuracy (semantic
equivalence).
A translator is not an expert who
knows everything, but one who
always knows where to go when in
trouble. (Halim, 2013)