Viii. Kinetika Fermentasi
Viii. Kinetika Fermentasi
Yp/s = P/ S
Region 1:
Lag phase
microbes are
adjusting to the new
substrate (food
source)
Microbial Growth
(Batch)
Region 2
Exponential growth
phase,
microbes have
acclimated to the
conditions
Region 3
Stationary phase,
log [X]
limiting substrate or
electron acceptor
limits the growth rate
Region 4
Decay phase,
substrate supply has
been exhausted
Time
Organisme
20-120 menit
2-6 jam
1-2 minggu
2-4 minggu
4-6 minggu
1-2 bulan
3-6 bulan
t
n
td
n = jumlah penggandaan
t = waktu (h)
td = waktu penggandaan (h-1) waktu yang
diperlukan untuk menggandakan populasi sel
menjadi 2X jumlah (kons) semula
X t X 0 .2 n X 0 2
t
td
Xt
t
n.ln 2 ln 2
ln
td
X0
ln X t ln X 0 ln 2 0.693
Persamaan
pertumbuhan pada fase
t di atas menggambarkan
td
td
eksponensial dimana konstant.
tD = 0.693/
= 0.693/td
dari
dx
F
X X X
dt
V
Keterangan :
F = laju alir
V = volume kultur
= laju kematian spesifik
F
X 0 dan
V
dX
1 dX
X
dt
X dt
dS F
X q p X
F
S0
mX S
dt V
Yx
Yp
V
s
g
substrat
yang
dikonsumsi
g sel.x.jam
m = koefisien pemeliharaan
dS
X q p X
mX
dt
Yx
Yp
s
dS X
dt Yx
s
qp
1 dS
qs
qs
m
X dt
YX
YP
S
qs : laju penggunaan
substrat spesifik
(g S/g sel.jam)
dP
F
q p X P P
dt
V
Akumulasi produk = Produk yang disintesis produk yang dikeluarkan dari
bioreaktor produk yang terdenaturasi
P = konsentrasi produk (g/l)
= laju destruksi produk
1 dP
X dt
(g P/g sel.jam)
1 dP
qp
Yp
X dt
x
1X
dt
dt
q p 1 1
Metabolit Primer :
qp = 1/X dP/dt = /Yx/p = 1/X dX/dt . dP/dX = 1/X dP/dt (terbukti)
qs = 1/X dS/dt = /Yx/s = 1/X dX/dt . dS/dX = 1/X dS/dt (terbukti)
qp = Yp/s .qs
Yp/s = qp / qs
Campuran :
dP/dt = dX/dt + X
dibagi X 1/X dP/dt = 1/X . dX/dt +
qp = +
qp
X
P
X
P
X
P
Keterangan :
a. Pembentukan produk yang terkait
dengan pertumbuhan
b. Pembentukan produk yang
sebagian terkait dengan
pertumbuhan
c. Pembentukan produk yang tidak
terkait dengan pertumbuhan
dX
dP
X
dt
Yx
dS
s
S
dt
Yp
P
dt
dS
S
dt
Yield (hasil) juga dapat ditentukan dari laju pembentukan biomassa atau
produk, dan laju konsumsi substrat
Yx
qs
Yp
s
qp
qs
Yx
SG Sm
Keterangan :
Yx/s (0) = yield teramati
SG = substrat yang dikonsumsi untuk pertumbuhan
Sm = substrat yang dikonsumsi untuk pemeliharaan
dS dS
dS
dt dt m dt
dS
X
mX
dt
YX G
S
:X
1 dS
m
X dt
YX G
S
1
YX
m
1
Persamaan Pirt
YX G
S
m : maintenance
G : growth
intercept
1
Yx
Yx/s(0)
Yx/s(G)
= koefisien pemeliharaan
X
ln
tT tD tL
m X0
X
X0
tT
tD
tL
= konsentrasi akhir
= konsentrasi awal
= waktu untuk persiapan sebelum running
= waktu delay
= waktu fase lag
KULTUR SINAMBUNG
Biomassa :
Akumulasi = Sel masuk Sel keluar + Pertumbuhan Sel mati
dX F
F
X 0 X X X
dt V
V
dX
F
X X
dt
V
X DX D X
Dalam keadaan setimbang (staedy state),
Dcrit max
D mendekati Dcrit tidak stabil
D > max wash out
dX
0
dt
dan = D
Substrat :
Akumulasi = nutrisi masuk nutrisi keluar konsumsi untuk tumbuh
konsumsi untuk pemeliharaan konsumsi untuk
sintesis produk
qpX
dS F
F
X
Sf S
mX
dt V
V
YX
YX
S
Bila mX
X
, dan tidak ada pembentukan produk, maka
YX
S
dS
X
D Sf S
dt
YX
dS
Saat setimbang,
0, sehingga x YX S f S
S
dt
max .S
Ks S
dX
D X
dt
max .S
D X
Ks S
Substrat
dS
X
D Sf S
dt
YX
X
D Sf S
YX
max .S
KS S
Bila
dS
DK S
0, maka S
dt
max D
Biomassa
X YX Sf S
S
DK S
YX Sf
S
max D
S fungsi dari D
X fungsi dari D dan Sf
D
D
max .S
KS S
D
max .S
D
KS S
D kritis
D kritis D terendah saat mana wash out terjadi
D C max dan S Sf
D C max
Sf
K S Sf
PRODUKTIVITAS
Biomassa
Produkstivitas P (g/l.jam)
PX D X
X = Yx/s (Sf S)
Sf
D = Dc
Ks - Sf
D yang menghasilkan produktivitas maksimum,
Dihitung dari turunan I pers = 0)
DK S
DYX Sf
S
max D
1
2
KS
D m D C 1
S
S
Produk
PP DP
P konsentrasi produk saat " steady state"
max .S
KS S
K
1
S
max
1
1
S max
S1 m D1 S2 m D 2
D1
D2
Setelah didapat max, KS dapat dihitung dari persamaan :
m S
KS S
D=
CONTOH
C6H8O7
2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
APPLICATION
Citric acid is produced either in the anhydrous form
(crystallization from hot aqueous solutions ) or as the
monohydrate (crystallization at temperatures below 36.6 C).
Food :
a. The dominant use of citric acid is as a flavoring and
preservative in food and beverages (soft drinks).
b. Citrate salts used to deliver those minerals in a
biologically available form in many dietary supplements.
Pharmaceutical :
Used with sodium bicarbonate in effervescent
formulae,for example in antacid and soluble aspirin
preparation.
http://medicalmnemonics4u.blogspot.com/2009/11/citric-acid-cycle.html
Twelve (12) cultures of Aspergillus niger were screened for citric acid
production
Stock cultures of
Aspergillus niger
Dry cell
mass (g/l)
Sugar
consumed
(g/l)
Citric acid
monohydrate
(g/l)
GCBT1
16.53
94.65
42.56
44.96
GCBT2
14.95
102.40
78.18
76.35
Intermediate pellets
GCBT3production.
18.24
mass
All the 78.04
fermentations 15.25
were carried19.54
out at 30Gelatinous
C
GCBT4
16.25
81.52
6.62
initial pH of the molasses medium was kept
GCBT5throughout23.72
67.82 period of
27.69
the fermentation
6-days.
GCBT6
14.75
87.64
11.04
GCBT7
20.05
91.45
84.95
40.83
12.60
92.89
Dumpy mass
Viscous
Intermediate pellets
GCBT8
GCBT9
GCBT10
19.12
20.14
22.68
97.60
90.00
105.28
72.98
18.86
58.14
74.77
20.96
55.22
Mixed pellets
Gummy mass
Small round pellets
GCBT11
GCBT12
18.04
19.55
99.06
89.95
41.02
13.34
41.41
14.83
Fluffy mass
Viscous
Kinetic parameters:
Qp: g citric acid produced/l/h;
Yp/s: g citric acid produced/g substrate consumed:
Yp/x: g citric acid produced/g cells formed;
qp: g citric acid produced/g cells/h;
(h-1): specific growth rate;
Yx/s: g cells/g substrate utilized;
Qs: g substrate consumed/l/h;
Qx: g cell mass produced/l/h;
qs: g substrate consumed/g cells/h.
Kinetic parameters
GCBT2
GCBT7
Citric acid formation parameters
Qp (g/l/h)
0.543
0.590
Yp/s (g/g)
0.763
0.929
Yp/x (g/g)
5.229
4.237
qp (g/g cells/h)
0.036
0.029
Substrate consumption parameters
(h-1)
0.540
0.589
Table 3. Kinetic parameters for
citric acid production
from molasses sugars following
growth of Aspergillus
Yx/s (g/g)
0.219
0.219
niger strains.
Qs (g/l/h)
0.711
0.635
Qx (g cells/l/h)
0.104
0.139
qs (g/g cells/h)
0.047
0.032
GCBT8
0.507
0.748
3.817
0.026
0.506
0.196
0.678
0.133
0.035
http://www.scielo.cl/fbpe/img/ejb/v5n3/a10/f1.html
rphology parameters in order to improve bioreactor performance and process yields. Substrate requirement as well as biomass and product yields are some of the basic parameters that need to be considered in determining the feasibility of the fermentation process. All the
Concluding Remarks
The culture of Aspergillus niger GCBT7 was selected as the best
mould to support maximum production of citric acid without
supplements. The observation indicates that it might be possible
to manipulate the morphology parameters in order to improve
bioreactor performance and process yields.
Substrate requirement as well as biomass and product yields are
some of the basic parameters that need to be considered in
determining the feasibility of the fermentation process. All the
kinetic parameters i.e., product and growth yield coefficients
(Yp/s, Yp/x and Yx/s in g/g), volumetric rates (Qp, Qs and Qx in
g/g cells/h) and specific rate constants (qp, qs and qx in g/g/h) are
highly significant.
SELESAI DEH