SECARA KLINIS
Erwin Indrakusuma
Workshop PPRA Sesuai Standar SNARS 2018 RSD Gunung Jati Kota Cirebon
Cirebon, 24 – 25 Agustus 2018
Curriculum Vitae
PENDIDIKAN
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN BANDUNG : LULUS TAHUN 2003
SPESIALIS MIKROBIOLOGI KLINIK UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG : LULUS 2017
ORGANISASI
ANGGOTA IDI KAB CIREBON
ANGGOTA PAMKI BANDUNG
PEKERJAAN
KETUA TPRA DAN KPPI RSUD WALED KAB CIREBON
KETUA KPPI-WAKIL KETUA KPRA RSUD GUNUNG JATI
WAKIL KETUA TPRA RSUD KARDINAH
LAB MIKROBIOLOGI KLINIK INST LABORATORIUM RSUD WALED & RSUD GUNUNG JATI
KA INSTALASI LAB MIKROBIOLOGI KLINIK RSUD KARDINAH KOTA TEGAL
Kasus : Post KLL dengan Open Fraktur Radius Ulnaris
Sin 1/3 medial Hari ke 7 (Neglected)
Kebijakan antibiotik merupakan salah satu persyaratan wajib untuk akreditasi, dan
membuat antibiogram adalah langkah pertama sebelum membuat kerangka
kebijakan antibiotik
30
25 24
20
15
10
10
6
5
5
2 2
1
0
Rajawali ICU/HCU Garuda Merak Geriatri C1 (Anak) Kepodang Rawat Jalan
Jumlah
Tabel 2. Diagnosis Klinis Pemeriksaan Kultur Mikrobiologis
(n = 86)
30
25 24
20 18
15
11
10 9
7 7
5 3 4 3
Jumlah
Tabel 3. Pertumbuhan Kultur Mikrobiologis
50
46 (53,5 %)
45
40 (46,5 %)
40
35
30
25
20
20 19
16
15
15
10
6
5
5 3
2
0 0
0
Tumbuh Tidak Tumbuh
Sensitif MDRO
Diagram 1. Persentasi Multi Drug Resistant Organisme (MDRO)
MDRO :
ESBL 22 (52,38 %)
MRSA 3 (7,14 %)
A.Baumanii MDR 8 (19,2 %)
Non MDRO
Sensitif MDRO
Contoh data
POLA KUMAN DAN KEPEKAAN PERIODE 1 JANUARI 2018 - 31 DESEMBER 2018
SEMUA ISOLAT, SPESIMEN DAN RUANGAN (AKUMULATIF)
ME
Organism JML MDR % AMK AMX AMP SAM ATM CZO FEP CSL CTX FOX CAZ CRO CIP CLI DOR ERY ETP GEN IPM LVX LNZ NIT OXA PEN TZP TCY SXT VAN TGC FOS MFX DOX CHL
M
Klebsiella pneumoniae 26 12 46 92 0 44 52 47 69 79 53 52 65 84 66 88 20 70 100 60 100 79 36 88
Escherichia coli 21 13 62 100 0 14 21 55 45 75 100 50 0 61 47 50 100 100 76 100 0 100 94 85 65 100 89 54 87
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 14 10 71 100 0 0 46 0 78 66 69 25 78 100 78 0 76 0 0 71 100 0
Staphylococcus aureus 13 5 38 80 60 84 84 92 66 84 91 100 75 25 23 83 92 100 66 100 33 66
Staphylococcus haemolyticus 11 11 100 0 0 0 0 18 9 20 10 100 90 0 0 22 60 100 100 100 0 0
Acinetobacter baumannii 8 4 50 75 100 71 0 50 85 0 50 12 50 50 75 50 100 100 85 14 75 0
Enterobacter cloacae 7 3 43 85 0 0 57 14 71 100 57 42 71 100 71 100 16 100 33 100 40 66 100
Enterococcus faecalis 6 0 0 100 33 100 66 33 100 83 100 100 100 0 100 100 66 50
Staphylococcus epidermidis 6 6 100 16 66 0 0 0 66 100 100 0 66 66 100 100 100 50 75 100
Enterobacter aerogenes 2 0 0 100 0 50 100 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 100 100 100 100 50 100
Enterococcus faecium 2 1 50 0 0 0 0 0 50 100 0 0 0 50 50 0 100
Staphylococcus hominis 2 1 50 50 50 0 100 50 0 100 100
Achromobacter xylosoxidans 1 0 0 0 100 0 0 100 100 0 0 100 0 100 100
Citrobacter koseri (diversus) 1 0 0 100 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Moraxella sp. 1 0 0 100 0 0 100 100 100 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 0
Proteus mirabilis 1 0 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 100 100 0 0
Salmonella sp. 1 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 100 100 100 100 100 0 100 100 100 100 100 100
Serratia rubidaea 1 0 0 100 0 100 100 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 100 100
TOTAL 124 66 53
Sensitifitas < 40 %, tidak dipergunakan untuk Terapi Empirik kecuali atas indikasi lain.
Sensitifitas 40 - 79 %, dapat dipergunakan untuk Terapi Empirik (3 hari) namun dianjurkan kombinasi sebelum terapi definitif.
Sensitifitas ≥ 80 %, dapat dipergunakan untuk Terapi Empirik (3 hari) sebelum terapi definitif
POLA KUMAN DAN KEPEKAAN PERIODE 1 JANUARI 2018 - 31 DESEMBER 2018
RUANG PERAWATAN INTENSIF, SEMI INTENSIF DAN EMERGENCY
DARAH
AM AM AT ME
Organism JML SAM CZO FEP CSL CTX FOX CAZ CRO CIP CLI COL ERY ETP GEN LVX LNZ NIT OXA PNV PEN TZP QDA RIF TCY SXT VAN TGC FOS MFX NEO DOX CHL
K P M M
Staphylococcus haemolyticus 6 0 0 0 16 0 16 0 100 100 0 0 0 100 83 0 83 100 100 100 0 100 0
Escherichia coli 5 100 20 20 60 60 80 100 80 60 40 100 60 100 100 80 60 100 100 100 66 100
Klebsiella pneumoniae 5 100 0 20 25 20 60 100 20 20 60 100 40 100 40 80 20 100 80 100 50 100
Enterococcus faecalis 3 100 0 100 66 33 100 100 100 100 0 0 100 100 100 100
Staphylococcus epidermidis 2 0 50 0 0 0 50 100 100 0 100 50 50 50 100 100 100 0 100 100 100
Acinetobacter baumannii 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1 100 0 0 100 100 0 100 100 100 100 0 0
Salmonella sp. 1 0 0 0 100 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 100 100 100 100 100 100
SPUTUM
AM AM AT ME
Organism JML SAM CZO FEP CSL CAZ CRO CIP CLI ERY ETP GEN LVX LNZ NIT OXA TZP QDA RIF TCY SXT VAN TGC FOS MFX NEO DOX CHL
K P M M
Klebsiella pneumoniae 7 71 0 57 71 71 71 83 71 71 71 71 71 71 50 57 100 100 66 80 50 75
Acinetobacter baumannii 4 75 75 0 75 100 75 0 75 75 75 75 100 100 25 100 100 0
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3 100 33 0 66 100 50 100 66 100 66 66 0 100 0 100 0
Enterobacter cloacae 2 100 0 0 100 0 100 100 100 100 50 100 100 100 0 100 100 100 50 0 100 100
Enterobacter aerogenes 1 100 0 100 100 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Staphylococcus aureus 1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 100 100 100 100 100 0 0
URINE
AM AM AT ME
Organism JML SAM CZO FEP CSL CAZ CRO CIP ETP GEN NIT TZP SXT TGC FOS
K P M M
Escherichia coli 2 100 0 50 0 0 50 100 50 0 0 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 50
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
4 4 4 4
3.5
3 3 3
2.5
2 2 2 2
1.5
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0.5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
ESBL 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 4 4 2 3 4
CARBAPENEMASE 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 3 1 0 0 0
MRSA 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
• Eskalasi vs De Eskalasi
Eskalasi Step Up Antibiotik pada pasien dg hemodinamik stabil/Non
Critically ill
De Eskalasi Critically ill : Severe sepsis, Respiratory infection w/ Resp
distress/failure, Complicated Intraabdiminal Infections IGD,
ICU/ICCU/PICU/NICU/HCU
Prinsip : AB Broadspektrum paling kuat De escalate hari ke 3 sesuai
Pemeriksaan Mikrobiologi AB spektrum paling sempit dan spesifik namun
paling kuat
Strategi optimalisasi...
100
100 95 94.9 92.9 92.7
90.6 90.2
78.8 77.4
80 73.7 73.5 72.6
68 65.8
63.6 63.5 62.7
60
60 56.1
51.1 50
46.5
41.7 41.2
40 37.3 36.7 35.7
34.3 %S
29.9
20 15.1
0
0
Alice J Hsu and Pranita D Tamaa
Review of Antiinfective Agents
J.Clinical Infectious Disease Vol 58,2014
DAY 1
START SMART… THEN…
FOCUS
a) Do not start Day 3 1. STOP ANTIBIOTICS
antibiotics if no
clinical evidence of 2. CONTINUE
bacterial infection ANTIBIOTICS/
PLAN TREATMENT/
b) Obtain cultures first
COURSE
c) EMPIRIC REVIEW 3. CHANGE
TREATMENT TREATMENT ANTIBIOTICS/
BASED ON PLAN/TREATMENT
ANTIMICROBIAL COURSE
GUIDELINES or 4. SWITCH TO PO IF
BASED ON Culture Result Pathogen ?? APPROPRIATE
MICROBIOLOGY AB best Choice ??
Infection Mechanisme 5. CONSIDER OPAT IF
ADVICE TIME OUT APPROPRIATE
ALWAYS DOCUMENT INDICATION FOR THE ANTIMICROBIAL AND TREATMENT PLAN
IN THE MEDICAL NOTES