KELOMPOK I

SURYADI
MUHAMMAD DARMAWANGSAH
MUH. ALMUIZZU T.
EKO PRAKASAWAN L.
L.D. MUH. AL-FIQRA
ARDIANSYAH
IQRA RISWAN
MUH. FARID
ANITA ROHAYA
NI KADEK DWI ANGGRAENI
AYU

http://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com
Apa itu diii Sulfonilamida

Sulfonamida merupakan suatu golongan senyawa antibakteri,

yang mengandung gugus sulfonamida –SO2NH.

Sulfanamida adalah anti mikroba yang digunakan secara

sistemis maupun topikal untuk beberapa penyakit infeksi

Sulfonamida bersifat amfoter artinya dapat membentuk garam

dengan asam maupun dengan basa. Daya larutnya dalam air
sangat kecil, garam alkalinya lebih baik, walaupun larutan ini
tidak stabil karena mudah terurai
 Sulfonamid dapat berinteraksi dengan antikoagulan oral,
antidiabetik sulfonylurea dan fenitoin.

Efek samping yang paling sering adalah reaksi alergi dan meliputi
ruam kulit, kadang – kadang di sertai demam. Yang lebih jarang
terjadi adalah reaksi yang lebih serius, misalnya sindrom Stevens –
Johnson yang merupakan bentuk eritema multiforme dengan
tingkat mortalitas yang tinggi.

Efek samping lain yang khas dari sulfonamida seperti fotosensitasi.

Pada dosis tinggi efek sampingnya juga berupa demam, gangguan
fungsi hati dan efek darah (neutropenia, trombositopenia). Oleh
karena itu penggunaan lebih lama dari dua minggu hendaknya
disertai pemantauan darah. Resiko kristaluria dapat dihindarkan
dengan minum lebih dari 1,5 liter air sehari
Struktur Umum sulfonamida
 Hubungan Struktur sulfonamida dan Aktifitas
1 Gugus amino primer
aromatik sangat penting
untuk aktifitas,karena
banyak modifikasi pada
gugus tersebut ternyata
menghilangkan aktivitas
antibakteri
Penggantian gugus SO2NH2
dengan SO2-C6H4-(p)NH2
senyawa tetap aktif sebagai
anti bakteri. Pengantian
dengan CONH-C6H4-(p)NH2
4 atau CO-C6H4- (p)NH2 akan
menurunkan aktifitas.
2 lain dan pemasukan
Bentuk yang aktif sebagai
antibakteri adalah bentuk
garam N1-terionisasi ( N1-
monosubstitusi), sedang N1-
disubstitusi tidak aktif
sebagai antibakteri.
Dari studi hubungan nilai pKa
turunan sulfonamida dengan
aktifitas antibekterinya secara
invitro
5 6
Penggantian cincin
benzen dengan
sistem cincin yang
3
substituen lain pada
cincin benzen akan
menurunkan atau
menghilangkan
aktivitas.
Dalam studi hubungan
kuantitatif struktur dan
aktivitas turunan sulfonamida
hansch dan fujita
membuktikan bahwa adanya
hubungan bermakna antar
aktivitas antibakteri turunan
sulfonamida dengan sifat
lipofil (log P) dan eletronik (σ
dan pKa).
 Penggolongan Sulfonamida

Sulfonamida
untuk infeksi Sulfonamida Sulfonamida
sistemik untuk infeksi untuk infeksi
usus mata.

Sulfonamida Sulfonamida
Sulfonamida untuk untuk
untuk infeksi pengobatan Penggunaan
saluran seni luka bakar Lain-Lain.

You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
Sulfonamida
dengan masa
kerja sedang
 Obat golongan ini dirancang agar sedikit
diabsorbsii dalam saluran cerna, yaitu
dengan memasukan gugus yang bersifat
hidrofil kuat seperti ptalil, suksinil atau
guanil, membentuk turunan sulfonamida
yang lebih polar. Dari usus besar,
senyawa dihidrolisis oleh bakteri usus,
Sulfonamida untuk infeksi usus
melepaskan secara perlahan-lahan
sulfonamida induk aktif. Contoh :
ptalilsulfatiazol, suksinil sulfatiazol,
sulfaguanidin dan sulfasalazin.
 Obat golongan ini digunakan secara setempat untuk
pengobatan konjungtivitis, infeksi mata superfisial

Sulfonamida untuk
lain dan trakom. Contoh : sulfasetamid natrium dan
sulfisoksazol diolamin

infeksi mata
Sulfasetamid Na, digunakan untuk pengobatan
konjungtifitis yang disebabkan oleh haemophylus
aegyptius, streptococcus pneumonia dan
streptococcus aureus. Sulfasetamid sering pula
digunakan untuk infeksi pada kulit dan membrane
mukosa. Waktu paronya ± 10 jam. Dosis setempat
untuk konjungtisifitis, larutan atau salep mata ±20%,
0,1 ml 3 dd.
 Sulfonamida untuk infeksi saluran seni
Golongan ini digunakan untuk
pengobatan infeksi saluran seni
karena cepat diabsorbsii dalam
saluran cerna sedang eksresi
melalui ginjal lambat sehingga kadar
obat di ginjal cukup tinggi. Contoh:
sulfasetamid,sulfadiazine,sulfaetidol, Sulfameter, absorbsi dalam
sulfameter,sulfametazin,sulfametoks saluran cerna cepat tetapi
azol, sulfasomidin dan sulfisoksazol eksresinya sangat lambat, kadar
serum tertinggi dicapai 4-8 jam
setelah pemberian secara oral,
dengan waktu paro plasma ± 48
jam. Kadar obat dalam darah
yang tidak terasetilasi ± 90%.
Dosis awal : 1,5g diikuti 0,5 g
/hari.
Sulfonamida untuk pengobatan
luka bakar

Golongan ini pada umumnya digunakan

pada luka bakar yang terinfeksi oleh
Pseudomonas sp. Atau Clostridium
welchii. Contoh : mafenid asetat dan
perak sulfadiazine
Sulfonamida untuk Penggunaan Lain-Lain
 Bersifat amfoter, karena itu sukar di
1 pindahkan dengan acara pengocokan yang
digunakan dalam analisa organik
Mudah larut dalam aseton, kecuali
2 Sulfasuksidin, Ftalazol dan Elkosin
Umumnya tidak melarut dalam air,
3 tapi adakalanya akan larut dalam air
anas. Elkosin biasanya larut dalam air
panas dan dingin
1
Tidak larut dalam eter, kloroform,
4 petroleum eter
2
5 Larut baik dalam aseton
SIFAT SULFONAMIDA Sulfa – sulfa yang mempunyai gugus amin
6
3 aromatik tidak bebas akan mudah larut dalam
HCl encer. Irgamid dan Irgafon tidak lariut
dalam HCl encer
4
Sulfa dengan gugusan –SO2NHR
7 akan terhidrolisis bila dimasak
dengan asam kuat HCl atau HNO3
 Absorpsi
Absorpsi melalui saluran cerna mudah dan cepat, kecuali
beberapa macam sulfonamid yang khusus digunakan
untuk infeksi lokal pada usus

Distribusi
Semua sulfonamid terikat pada protein
plasma terutama albumin dalam derajat
yang berbeda-beda. Obat ini tersebar ke
seluruh jaringan tubuh, karena itu
berguna untuk infeksi sistemik
Famakokinetika
Sulfonamida Metabolisme

lDalam tubuh, sulfa mengalami asetilasi

dan oksidasi. Hasil oksidasi inilah yang
sering menyebabkan reaksi toksik
sistemik berupa lesi pada kulit dan gejala
hipersensitivitas, sedangkan hasil
asetilasi menyebabkan hilangnya
aktivitas obat
 Efek Samping
Sulfonamida Efek samping yang terpenting adalah
kerusakan pada sel-sel darah yang
berupa agranulositosis, anemia aplastis
dan hemolitik. Efek samping yang lain
Penambahan Na. bicarbonat untuk ialah reaksi alergi dan gangguan pada
melarutkan senyawa yang mengkristal.
saluran kemih dengan terjadinya kristal
uria yaitu menghablurnya sulfa di dalam
tubuli ginjal. Untuk menghindari
terjadinya kristal uria, pada pengobatan
Minum air yang banyak (minimum 1,5 liter / dengan sulfa perlu :
hari)

Dengan membuat preparat kombinasi

(trisufa) yang terdiri dari sulfadiazin,
sulfamerazin, sulfamezatin
 Infographic Style
Your Text Here Your Text Here

Get a modern PowerPoint Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation

Contents
Presentation that is beautifully that is beautifully designed. Easy to
designed. Easy to change colors, Contents change colors, photos and Text.
photos and Text.

Your Text Here Your Text Here

Get a modern PowerPoint Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation

Contents
Presentation that is beautifully Contents that is beautifully designed. Easy to
designed. Easy to change colors, change colors, photos and Text.
photos and Text.

Your Text Here

Get a modern PowerPoint

Presentation that is beautifully Contents
designed. Easy to change colors,
photos and Text.
 Infographic Style
Your Text Here
You can simply impress
your audience and add a
unique zing.
Your Text Here
You can simply impress
your audience and add a
unique zing.
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique
zing.

Your Text Here

You can simply impress
your audience and add a
unique zing.
Your Text Here
Your Text Here You can simply impress
your audience and add a
You can simply impress
unique zing.
your audience and add a
unique zing.
 Infographic Style
Content Here
You can simply impress your audience
and add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Easy to change colors,
80%
photos and Text.

Your Content Here

Content Here
You can simply impress your audience
and add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Easy to change colors,
40% Your Content Here
photos and Text.

Your Content Here

Content Here
You can simply impress your audience
and add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Easy to change colors,
60%
photos and Text.
 Infographic Style
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience and
add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations.
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience and
add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience and
add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations.
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience and
add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience and
add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations.
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience and
add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations.
We Create
Quality Professional
PPT Presentation

Portfolio Presentation
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed.
 Infographic Style

Your Text Here Your Text Here Your Text Here

You can simply impress your You can simply impress your You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique zing audience and add a unique zing audience and add a unique zing
and appeal to your and appeal to your and appeal to your
Presentations. Presentations. Presentations.

Your Text Here Your Text Here

You can simply impress your You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique zing audience and add a unique zing
and appeal to your and appeal to your
Presentations. Presentations.

Text Here
82%
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique zing
and appeal to your Presentations.
Easy to change colors, photos
and Text.
Infographic Style
Text Here
53%
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique zing
and appeal to your Presentations.
Easy to change colors, photos
and Text.
Text Here
34%
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique zing
and appeal to your Presentations.
Easy to change colors, photos
and Text.
Text Here
57%
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your
audience and add a unique zing
and appeal to your Presentations.
Easy to change colors, photos
and Text.
 We Create
Quality Professional
PPT Presentation
Add Text

Get a modern
PowerPoint
You can simply Presentation that is
impress your audience beautifully designed.
and add a unique zing Easy to change
and appeal to your colors, photos and
Reports and text.
Presentations with our
Templates. I hope and
I believe that this
Template will your Add Text
Time, Money and Get a modern
Reputation. Easy to PowerPoint
change colors, photos Presentation that is
and text. Get a modern beautifully designed.
Easy to change
PowerPoint
colors, photos and
Presentation that is text.
beautifully designed.
 Infographic Style
Your Text Here
Add Text
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to
Simple your Presentations. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
PowerPoint beautifully designed. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
Presentation
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.

Your Text Here

You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
Add Text
Your Text Here
Simple
PowerPoint You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to
Presentation your Presentations. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
 Infographic Style
Your Text Here
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation
that is beautifully designed. I hope and I
believe that this Template will your Time.

Your Text Here Your Text Here

Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation
that is beautifully designed. I hope and I that is beautifully designed. I hope and I
believe that this Template will your Time. believe that this Template will your Time.

Your Text Here

Your Text Here Your Text Here
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation
that is beautifully designed. I hope and I that is beautifully designed. I hope and I
believe that this Template will your Time. believe that this Template will your Time.
 Infographic Style
Your Text Here
• You can simply impress your audience and add
a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
• I hope and I believe that this Template will your
Time, Money and Reputation.
• Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed.
Your Text Here
• You can simply impress your audience and add
a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
• I hope and I believe that this Template will your
Time, Money and Reputation.
• Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed.
Your Text Here
• You can simply impress your audience and add
a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
• I hope and I believe that this Template will your
Time, Money and Reputation.
• Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed.
Your Text Here
• You can simply impress your audience and add
a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
• I hope and I believe that this Template will your
Time, Money and Reputation.
• Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed.
 Infographic Style
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience and add
a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed.
Add Text
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation
that is beautifully designed.
Add Text
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation
that is beautifully designed.
Add Text
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation
that is beautifully designed.
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience and add a
unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. Get
a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed.
Add Text
Simple Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation
PowerPoint that is beautifully designed.
Add Text
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation
that is beautifully designed.
Add Text
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation
that is beautifully designed.
Simple Images
& Contents

You can simply impress your audience and

add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Easy to change colors,
photos and Text. Get a modern
PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
designed.
Simple
Portfolio
Presentation
Designed

Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is

beautifully designed. Easy to change colors, photos
and Text. You can simply impress your audience and
add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. I
hope and I believe that this Template will your Time,
Money and Reputation.
 Infographic Style

Contents Contents Contents Contents

Contents Title Contents Title Contents Title Contents Title

Text Here Text Here Text Here Text Here

Contents Title Contents Title Contents Title Contents Title

Text Here Text Here Text Here Text Here

$150 $100 $80 $50

Contents Contents Contents Contents
 Infographic Style

Your Text Here

Example Text :
Your Text Here I hope and I believe that this

Example Text :
Template will your Time,
Money and Reputation.
E
I hope and I believe that Option
this Template will your Time,
Money and Reputation.
D
Option
C Your Text Here
Option
Example Text :
B Your Text Here I hope and I believe that this
Option Template will your Time,
Example Text : Money and Reputation.
A Your Text Here I hope and I believe that this
Option Template will your Time,
Example Text : Money and Reputation.
I hope and I believe that this
Template will your Time,
Money and Reputation.
 SIMPLE
PORTFOLIO
PRESENTATION

You can simply impress your audience and add a

unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. Easy to
change colors, photos and Text. Get a modern
PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed.
 Infographic Style
01 02 03 04 05

Your Text Here Your Text Here Your Text Here Your Text Here Your Text Here
Get a modern Get a modern Get a modern Get a modern Get a modern
PowerPoint PowerPoint PowerPoint PowerPoint PowerPoint
Presentation that is Presentation that is Presentation that is Presentation that is Presentation that is
beautifully beautifully beautifully beautifully beautifully
designed. designed. designed. designed. designed.

D
D
D
 Infographic Style
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience 01
and add a unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations. Easy to change
colors, photos and Text.
Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience
and add a unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations. Easy to change 03
colors, photos and Text.
Your Text Here
02 You can simply impress your audience
and add a unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations. Easy to change
colors, photos and Text.
S W
O T Your Text Here
You can simply impress your audience
and add a unique zing and appeal to
04 your Presentations. Easy to change
colors, photos and Text.
Simple
Images &
Contents
Get a modern
PowerPoint
Presentation that is
You can simply impress beautifully designed. I
your audience and add a hope and I believe that
this Template will your
unique zing and appeal to
Time, Money and
your Presentations. Easy Reputation. You can
to change colors, photos simply impress your
and Text. audience and add a
unique zing and appeal
to your Presentations.
Easy to change colors,
photos and Text.
 Infographic Style
Contents Title
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your

50% Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos and Text. Get a modern PowerPoint
Presentation that is beautifully designed. I hope and I believe that this Template
will your Time, Money and Reputation.
Your Text Here

You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
Easy to change colors, photos and Text. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully
designed. You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos and Text 50%
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
18%
4000
3000
2000
1000 Your Text Here
0
Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5 Item 6 Item 7
 We Create
Quality Professional
PPT Presentation
Portfolio
Presentation
You can simply impress your audience and add a
unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. I hope
and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money
and Reputation.

You can simply impress your audience and add a

unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. I hope
and I believe that this Template will your Time, Money
and Reputation.
 Infographic Style

You can simply impress You can simply impress You can simply impress You can simply impress
your audience and add a your audience and add a your audience and add a your audience and add a
unique zing unique zing unique zing unique zing

Add Text Add Text Add Text Add Text

Add Text
Your Text Here Your Text Here
Easy to change
You can simply impress your audience and add You can simply impress your audience and add
colors, photos
a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations. a unique zing and appeal to your Presentations.
and Text.
Easy to change colors, photos and Text. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
 Simple
Portfolio
Presentation

Text Here Text Here Text Here

You can simply impress You can simply impress You can simply impress
your audience and add a your audience and add a your audience and add a
unique zing and appeal unique zing and appeal unique zing and appeal
to your Presentations. to your Presentations. to your Presentations.
Easy to change colors, Easy to change colors, Easy to change colors,
photos and Text. photos and Text. photos and Text.
 Infographic Style

01 02 03 04
Your Text Here Your Text Here Your Text Here Your Text Here
You can simply impress You can simply impress You can simply impress You can simply impress
your audience and add a your audience and add a your audience and add a your audience and add a
unique zing and appeal to unique zing and appeal to unique zing and appeal to unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations. your Presentations. your Presentations. your Presentations.
 Infographic Style
1. Contents Here A
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and
appeal to your Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
Text A

2. Contents Here B
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and
appeal to your Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
Text B

3. Contents Here C
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and
appeal to your Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
Text C

4. Contents Here D
You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and
appeal to your Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
Text D
Simple Portfolio
Presentation
Easy to change colors, photos and Text.

Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. Easy to change

colors, photos and Text. You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing
and appeal to your Presentations. I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and
Reputation. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. Easy to
change colors, photos and Text. Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is
beautifully designed.

You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. I believe that this Template will your Time, Money and Reputation.

Your Text Here Your Text Here

Get a modern PowerPoint Get a modern PowerPoint
Presentation that is beautifully Presentation that is beautifully
designed. designed.
 Your Text Here Your Text Here
Two Column You can simply impress
your audience and add a
You can simply impress
your audience and add a

Style unique zing and appeal to

your Presentations. Easy
to change colors, photos
and Text. I hope and I
unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations. Easy
to change colors, photos
and Text. I hope and I
believe that this Template believe that this Template
will your Time, Money will your Time, Money
and Reputation. Get a and Reputation. Get a
modern PowerPoint modern PowerPoint
Presentation that is Presentation that is
beautifully designed. beautifully designed.
Easy to change colors, Easy to change colors,
photos and Text. You can photos and Text. You can
simply impress your simply impress your
audience and add a audience and add a
unique zing and appeal to unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations. your Presentations.

You can simply impress your audience

and add a unique zing and appeal to
your Presentations.
 Thank You
Insert the Sub Title of Your Presentation
 Shapes IMAGES

D
D
D
 Fully Editable Icon Sets: A
You can Resize without
losing quality
You can Change Fill
Color &
Line Color

FREE
PPT
TEMPLATES
www.allppt.com
 Fully Editable Icon Sets: B
You can Resize without
losing quality
You can Change Fill
Color &
Line Color

FREE
PPT
TEMPLATES
www.allppt.com
 Fully Editable Icon Sets: C
You can Resize without
losing quality
You can Change Fill
Color &
Line Color

FREE
PPT
TEMPLATES
www.allppt.com