Farmakovigilens
Farmakovigilens
Adverse Drug Reactions are among the top ten causes of mortality
(Lazarou J. et al., 1998)
The percentage of hospital admissions due to drug related
events in some countries is about or more than 10%.
(Bhalla et al, 2003; Imbs et al, 1999)
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WHO Programme for International Drug
Monitoring
WHO WHO
Collaborating
HQ Centre, Uppsala
National
Centres
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Uppsala reports
WHO Programme for International Drug
Monitoring (HQ)
• Policy
• Exchange of Information
• Technical support to countries
• Advisory Committee on Safety of Medicinal
Products
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Berdasarkan pedoman farmakovigilans World Health
Organization (WHO) terdapat beberapa metode yang dapat
digunakan untuk memperoleh informasi keamanan penggunaan
obat dalam suatu program kesehatan masyarakat.
Metode tersebut dapat bersifat :
1. Farmakovigilans pasif (pelaporan spontan)
2. Aktif (CEM/ Cohort Event Monitoring)
3. Targeted Spontaneus Reporting (TSR).
Farmakokinetika:
• Cocokkan apakah waktu kejadian ADR sama dengan onset kerja
obat
• Cocokkan apakah waktu kejadian ADR sama dengan 4-5 x waktu
paruh eliminasi?
• Cocokkan apakah obat yg dicurigai terikat albumin tinggi?
Kondisi albumin pasien sesuai ?
Farmakodinamik:
• Cocokkan apakah efek sesuai dengan efek obat yang dicurigai
saat kejadian ADR
4. Literature Searching
• NARANJO
Algorithm
• DANAN-BENICHOU
• RUCAM
• DIPS
• Karch & Lasagna
scale
• WHO probability
scale
• Liverpool algorithm
• Spanish
quantitative
imputation scale
• Kramer's scale Scoring :
• Jones scale Highly Probable: >8
Probable: 5–8
• European ABO
Possible: 2–4
system Doubtful: <2
• Bayesian system.