JSA AND JSO

A. Siswanto
JOB
SAFETY
ANALYSIS
(JSA)
ANALISIS
BAHAYA
KECELAKAAN
Analisis Bahaya Kecelakaan

• Bagian dari aktivitas K3

• Dilakukan sejak tahap rancangan dan
selama daur hidup pabrik
• Digunakan untuk mengungkap bahaya
yang mungkin terjadi di tempat kerja
Analisis Bahaya Kecelakaan
Pokok - Pokok yang mendasari :
• Keselamatan sistem mencakup aspek
manajemen dan teknik.
• Inti keselamatan sistem adalah mengidentifikasi,
menilai dan mengendalikan bahaya secara dini.
• Analisis dilakukan sepanjang daur hidup.
• Digunakan pendekatan sistem.
Mencari Titik Rawan Bahaya
• Sesudah memisahkan pekerjaan, lakukan
analisis secara mendetail agar bahaya diketahui.
• Catat masing-masing pada work sheet.
• Tulis bahaya tersebut sejajar dengan
pemecahan masalah.
• Tunjukkan dan diskusikan dengan karyawan
yang tahu tentang pekerjaan tersebut.
 Analisis Bahaya Kecelakaan

• Analisisnya logis,
sistimatis dan didasarkan
atas keilmuan dan teknik
• Pendekatan sistem
• Dilakukan sepanjang daur
hidup
• Bersifat peramalan, jauh
sebelum digunakan.
 Daur Hidup Sistem

1.Tahapan yang dilakukan

a. Tahap perencanaan
- Konsep mulai dipilih dan ditentukan saat
rancangan.
- Menggunakan analisis awal
(Preliminary hazard analysis)
Daur Hidup Sistem
1. Tahapan yang diperlukan
Tahapan Definisi
• Lanjutan tahap konsep
• Dilakukan penentuan dan persetujuan
spesifikasi konsep yang akan dirancang
misalnya tata letak, spesifikasi, instalasi,
tingkat risiko.
• Analisis yang digunakan Hazops, Fault
Tree Analysis (FTA).
Daur Hidup Sistem
1.3. Tahapan Pengembangan
• Tahap akhir dari rancangan
• Ditentukan spesifikasi lengkap dari
instalasi, penyiapan gambar teknik,
rencana pembuatan dan
pemasangan secara lengkap, syarat
pembelian dan pengoperasian.
Daur Hidup Sistim
2. Tahap konstruksi dan uji coba
• Tahap dimana sistem mulai dibuat, dipasang
dan diuji aliran proses/cara kerja.
• Usaha keselamatan telah dipenuhi.
• Dilakukan pengujian terhadap komponen.
• Alat analisis yang digunakan checklist
dan bahaya operasi.

13
Daur Hidup Sistim
3. Tahap operasi
 Sistem mulai digunakan, dan secara berkala
dilakukan penghentian untuk pemeliharaan,
modifikasi atau alasan operasi.
 Latihan diadakan dan data dikumpulkan.
 Keselamatan kerja dilakukan secara rutin
seperti peraturan dan prosedur, job safety
analysis dll.

14
Daur Hidup Sistim
4. Tahap disposal
• Merupakan akhir suatu sistem
• Sistem mulai dibongkar dan dibuang
• Prosedur sebaiknya dirumuskan sejak
pengembangan sehingga tidak timbul
pencemaran.

15
Manfaat Analisis Bahaya
• Terjaminnya kelangsungan hidup
perusahaan
• Meningkatkan produktivitas
• Meningkatkan citra baik perusahaan
• Menurunkan biaya asuransi
• Menurunkan angka kecelakaan dan
kerugian
• Dan lain-lain.
16
JOB
SAFETY
OBSERVATION
(JSO)
Job Safety Observation (JSO)
Adalah sebagai metode pengamatan suatu
pekerjaan untuk meningkatkan mutu pelaksanaan
keselamatan kerja dan alat untuk mempelajari
lebih mendalam tentang sikap, kebiasaan & cara
kerja dari tiap bawahan.
JSO digunakan untuk :
• Mengechek hasil training yang telah dilakukan
• Menyempurnakan sikap kerja
Keuntungan JSO
1. Merupakan informasi umpan balik dalam
melatih bawahan.
2. Dapat mengidentifikasi kecelakaan sebelum
terjadi.
3. Dapat berbincang secara informal dengan
bawahan mengenai sikap kerja.
4. Mengoreksi kebiasaan yang tidak baik.
5,. Dapat lebih dekat dan mengetahui
problematik bawahan.
Langkah JSO
1. Memilih pekerja dan pekerjaan
yang akan diamati.
2. Melaksanakan pengamatan.
3. Mencatat hasil pengamatan.
4. Membahas hasil pengamatan
bersama
pekerja yang diamati.
5. Memberikan tindak lanjut untuk
sikap
kerja aman.
Pemilihan Pekerja yang Diamati
1. Karyawan baru
2. Karyawan yang telah selesai mengikuti
pelatihan
3. Karyawan yang bekerja dibawah rata-rata
4. Karyawan yang sering mengalami celaka
5. Karyawan yang bekerja dengan risiko
6. Karyawan yang punya persoalan khusus
Cara Pengamatan
1. Jelaskan kepada karyawan yang bersangkutan
bahwa pengamatan dalam rangka JSO
2. Lakukan pengamatan secara diam-diam
dalam suasana kerja normal
3. Buatlah catatan pada lembar kerja
4. Hati-hati dalam melakukan pengamatan jangan
sampai mengganggu apa yang sedang
dilakukan oleh karyawan yang bersangkutan.
Pencatatan
Semua catatan setelah dibicarakan
dengan yang bersangkutan harus
didokumentasikan untuk keperluan
akan datang.
Pembahasan
• Setelah JSO dilakukan diskusikan dengan
karyawan yang bersangkutan.
• Ajak karaywan untuk mengeluarkan ide.

Tindak lanjut
• Dilakukan ketika baru diadakan penggantian
dan perubahan pekerjaan.
Pelaksanaan JSO
• Catat aktivitas kerja yang perlu
diobservasi.
• Buatlah jadual pelaksanaan JSO.
• Dalam melakukan pekerjaan jangan
sampai dipaksakan kepada bawahan.
• Bahas dengan karyawan yang
diobservasi.
• Data yang sudah dibawa bersama
diberikan kepada yang bersangkutan.
• Dokumentasikan untuk keperluan
mendatang.
Keuntungan JSA
• Menemukan bahaya fisik yang ada.
• Menghilangkan dan mengendalikan
tindakan berbahaya.
• Menentukan kualifikasi dalam pekerjaan.
• Menentukan peralatan kerja yang sesuai.
• Menentukan standar keselamatan dan
pelatihan.
• Menyusun rangkuman kerja yang efisien.
• Bahan perencanaan, untuk operasional
yang efisien dan selamat.
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
• Pilih pekerjaan yang akan dianalisis
• Buat tahapan pekerjaan ke dalam
langkah berurutan.
• Identifikasi bahaya-bahaya potensial
• Susun cara untuk mengendalikan
bahaya kerja pada setiap langkah
pekerjaan.
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
Pedoman menyeleksi pekerjaan
• Kekerapan terjadinya kecelakaan
• Keparahan luka akibat kecelakaan
• Tingginya potensi bahaya
• Pekerjaan yang mengalami
perubahan/modifikasi.
Pemisahan Pekerjaan
(Break the job down)

• Uraikan pekerjaan
sesuai langkah
dasarnya
Pemisahan Pekerjaan
• Pilih orang yang berpengalaman untuk
pekerjaan tersebut.
• Jelaskan tujuan JSA.
• Pilih pekerjaan yang belum pernah dilakukan
JSA sebelumnya.
• Amati pekerjaan yang telah dipisahkan.
• Catat tiap langkah pada kertas kerja.
• Periksalah pemisahan pekerjaan denga
karyawan yang mengerjakan dan ambil ide
idenya.
 Identifikasi Bahaya
1. Identifikasi kemungkinan bahaya yang
dapat terjadi pada setiap tahap
pekerjaan tersebut dan termasuk bahaya
yang terdapat di area kerja.
2. Tahap demi tahap dianalisis secara
mendalam untuk mencari, menemukan,
dan memerinci bahaya-bahaya yang ada
dan potensi kecelakaan yang tersirat
pada tiap langkah.
Identifikasi Bahaya
3. Masing-masing temuan identifikasi bahaya
ditulis sejajar dengan langkah kerja dimaksud.
4. Tunjukan hasil catatan kepada pekerja yang
sedang dinalisa dan mintalah pendapatnya,
5. Konsultasikan hasil catatan identifikasi dan
pengendalian bahaya kepada pekerja yang
paling berpengalaman.
 Pertanyaan yang terkait dengan
Identifikasi Bahaya
1. Dapatkah seseorang jatuh pada tingkat
yang sama atau pada tingkat yang
berbeda ?
2. Dapatkah seseorang mengalami
peregangan karena mendorong, menarik
atau mengangkat ?
3. Apakah lingkungannya berbahaya (gas
beracun, uap, kabut, fume atau debu,
panas dan radiasi?
Penetapan Upaya Pengendalian Bahaya
• Cara lain untuk mengerjakan pekerjaan
tersebut
• Merubah keadaan fisik, mekanik, lay out
maupun lingkungan sekitar
• Mengubah prosedur kerja
• Mengubah frekwensi pekerjaan
• Berikan alat keselamatan kerja
Penetapan Upaya Pengendalian Bahaya
Pertanyaan :
1. Apakah dapat dikerjakan dengan cara
lain?
2. Bagaimana seharusnya mengerjakannya ?
Langka JSA
• Daftar semua pekerjaan di tempat kerja
anda
• Jadualkan kapan akan dianalisis
• Laksanakan analisis dengan tanpa dipaksa
• Untuk menyempurnakan analisis, lakukan
berulang kali dengan karyawan yang
melakukan analisis
• Berikan karyawan yang bersangkutan hasil
akhirnya
• Dokumentasikan untuk keperluan mendatang
 JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS

JENIS PEKERJAAN : TANGGAL :

KARYAWAN : PENGAWAS :
LANGKAH KERJA POTENSI BAHAYA PEMECAHAN MASALAH

TANDA TANGAN PENGAWAS :

 PT PETROKIMIA GRESIK
BAGIAN : K3 JOB SAFETY OBSERVATION TANGGAL : 31 OKTOBER 2003

JENIS PEKERJAAN : Pengisian APAR

KARYAWAN : Romadhona Aljupri
1. Pelaksanaan pekerjaan yang tidak aman
• Tanpa menggunakan masker
• Tanpa menggunakan sarung tangan
• Membuka pengatup/tutup pemadam kunci yang tidak sesuai dan dipukul
• Sisa serbuk dalam tabung dibuang berhamburan
• Bekerja sambil bersendagurau

2. Pelaksanaan kerja yang memerlukan perubahan atau penyempurnaan/perbaikan

• Harus memakai masker untuk debu
• Harus menggunakan sarung tangan
• Membuka pengatub/tutup pemadam dengan kunci yang sesuai dan dipasang dalam ragum
• Sisa serbuk agar digunakan/diisikan kembali
• Bekerja harus lebih serious

3. Pelaksanaan kerja yang patut dihargai/sudah benar

• Perintah selalu dilaksanakan
• Alat pengisian Apar terawat baik
• Penyimpanan agar tertata rapi

4. Catatan-catatan atau hasil pembahasan/diskusi

• Setiap pengisian harus memakai masker debu, sarung tangan dan semua langkah penyempurnaan dipatuhi
• Sisa serbuk harus digunakan kembali
• Peralatan pengisian harus terawat baik
• Penyimpanan harus tertata rapi

Distribusi : 1. Ka. Divisi Pengawas,

2. Ybs Bagus Temen

 PT PETROKIMIA GRESIK

BAGIAN : K3 Job Safety Analysis TANGGAL : 31 OKTOBER 2003

JENIS
P
E
K
E
: Praktek Pemadaman Kebakaran
R
J
A
A
N
KARYAWAN : Indra & Iwan Saputra
LANGKAH-LANGKAH KERJA BAHAYA/POTENSI KECELAKAAN CARA MENGATASINYA
I. Persiapan sarana latihan :
1. Fire Hose 1. Fire hose yang couplingnya jelek bisa 1. - Fire hose diperiksa setiap latihan
lepas mengenai/memukul peserta - Diganti bila sudah jelek kondisinya
- Pembelian harus memilih yang
kwalitasnya baik

2. Pemeriksaan tekanan air 2. Tekanan rendah pancaran air kurang, 2. Nozzle untuk memeriksa tekanan air
dengan kira-kira peserta bisa terkena radiasi panas harus dipasang presure indicator

Tekanan tinggi fire hise bisa pecah

mengenai peserta

II. Penyalaan api

Penyalaan api dengan
Tembusan : 1. Ka. Divisi - Penyulut bisa terkena jilatan api Tim JSA
- Penyalaan api dengan menggunakan
bensin & pematik api stick
2. Ybs
dilempar jarak dekat
Bagus Temen
 Identifikasi Bahaya dan Penilaian Risiko
PABRIK : AMONIAK
UNIT PABRIK : FEED TREATING – FEED GAS DESULFULRIZER
PERALATAN PARAMETER BAHAN POTENSI RISIKO PENGENDALIAN
NO PROSES PROSES KIMIA BAHAYA RISKS CONTROLS
PROCESS PROCESS CHEMICALS POTENTIAL
EQUIPMENT PARAMETERS INVOLVED HAZARDS

1 201 –LNG 28.8 kg/cm2; Gas Bumi Gas mudah Kebakara Pemeriksaan dan
Filter 21C terbakar dan n/peledak monitoring
meledak an bocoran gas,
sumber-sumber
api terbuka
2
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
Penjelasan
1. Menyeleksi pekerjaan yang akan dianalisa
Pekerjaan yang dianalisa sebaiknya berdasarkan
tingkat prioritasnya dalam kontribusinya untuk
menimbulkan kecelakaan. Penentuan prioritas
didasarkan pada :
- tingkat keseringannya
- tingkat keparahan
Setiap jenis pekerjaan baru juga harus dilakukan
JSA.
Penjelasan
2. Menguraikan urut-urutan proses pekerjaan.
Sebelum mengidentifikasi berbagai bahaya
yang ada dalam suatu proses pekerjaan, suatu
pekerjaan tersebut harus diuraikan menurut
urutan langkahnya.
 Contoh
Industri Pestisida, memasukkan bahan baku
ke dalam reaktor
Urutan proses pekerjaan adalah sebagai
berikut :
• Mengambil bahan baku di gudang.
• Bahan baku berupa bahan aktif, pelarut,
pengemulsi.
• Mengangkut bahan baku ke ruang produksi
(reaktor).
• Menimbang/menakar bahan baku sesuai dengan
jumlah yang dibutuhkan.
• Memasukkan ke dalam reaktor.
Pengertian JSA
Cara untuk meneliti bahaya yang ada
pada tiap-tiap langkah kerja, kemudian
mencari penyelesaian dari setiap
bahaya sehingga bahaya tersebut dapat
dikendalikan sejak dini.
Keuntungan JSA
• Menemukan bahaya fisik yang ada
• Menemukan tindakan-2 yang berbahaya
• Menentukan kualifikasi yang harus
dipenuhi untuk pekerjaan tertentu
• Menentukan alat keselamatan yang
sesuai dengan pekerjaan
• Menentukan standard untuk keselamatan
kerja.
Keuntungan JSA
• Menyusun rangkuman metode kerja yang
efisien & menjamin keselamatan jika
dikerjakan.
• Sebagai bahan pemikiran dalam perencanaan,
kesiagaaan dan pengerjaan yang selaras
dengan tuntutan operasi yang efisien dan
selamat.
Langkah JSA
• Memilih pekerjaan yang akan dianalisis.
• Memisahkan pekerjaan sehingga tiap
langkah kerja dapat terperinci.
• Merinci dan mendata bahaya-bahaya yang
potensial dapat menyebabkan kecelakaan.
• Menemukan cara untuk menghilangkan
bahaya yang telah terdaftar dan terinci.
 Pedoman Menyeleksi Pekerjaan

•Kekerapan
terjadinya
kecelakaan
•Keparahan luka
akibat kecelakaan
Pencegahan Kecelakaan
• Mengubah cara untuk melakukan pekerjaan.
• Mengubah keadaan fisik, mekanis, lay out
• maupun lingkungan.
• Mengubah prosedur pekerjaan.
• Mengubah frekuensi melakukan pekerjaan.
• Memberikan alat keselamatan kerja.
Pelaksanaan JSA
• Daftar semua pekerjaan di tempat kerja.
• Jadwalkan pekerjaan tersebut kapan
dianalisis.
• Laksanakan tiap-tiap analisa sebagai
pekerjaan.
Pelaksanaan JSA
• Untuk menyempurnakan tiap analisa,
ulangi lagi dengan pekerja yang
bersangkutan.
• Berilah mereka lembaran dari analisa
finalnya dari setiap pekrjaan.
• Simpanlah beberapa lembar analisa final
serta gunakanlah untuk masa yang akan
datang.
 JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS

JENIS PEKERJAAN : TANGGAL :

KARYAWAN : PENGAWAS :
LANGKAH KERJA POTENSI BAHAYA PEMECAHAN MASALAH

TANDA TANGAN PENGAWAS :

Jenis Bahaya
Jenis bahaya berikut ini dapat dijadikan masukan
untuk pelaksanaan JSA :
• Bahaya kejatuhan sesuatu atau obyek terbang.
• Tertusuk benda tajam.
• Tersangkut benda bergerak/berputar
• Jatuh dari ketinggian, tangga atau platforn tinggi.
• Bahaya listrik.
Jenis Bahaya
• Mengangkat & mengangkut benda berlebihan,
berputar, mendorong, menarik, menjangkau
atau membungkuk
• Penggunaan alat yang mempunyai intensitas
getaran tinggi, tingkat kebisingan tinggi,
temperatur tinggi, gas, fume uap debu beracun
dan sebagainya
• Pergerakan yang berulang-ulang (repetitive
motion).
• Radiasi (mengion/tidak mengion).
Identifikasi Bahaya
• Sebelum memulai suatu pekerjaan,harus
dilakukan Identifikasi Bahaya guna
mengetahui potensi bahaya dalam setiap
pekerjaan.
• Identifikasi Bahaya dilakukan bersama
pengawas pekerjaan dan Safety
Departement.
Pelaksanaan JSA
• Daftar semua pekerjaan di tempat kerja.
• Jadwalkan pekerjaan tersebut kapan
dianalisa.
• Laksanakan tiap-tiap analisa sebagai
pekerjaan.
Pelaksanaan JSA
• Untuk menyempurnakan tiap analisa ulangi
lagi dengan pekerja yang bersangkutan.
• Berilah mereka lembaran dari analisa
finalnya dari setiap pekrjaan.
• Simpanlah beberapa lembar analisa final
serta gunakanlah untuk masa yang akan
datang.
What Is Job Safety Analysis ?
• A supervisor and typically three employees
who know the many steps involved in a job
usually make up a JSA team. This number
can vary depending on the complexity of the
equipment or process.
• One employee can actually do the steps of
the task. The others watch and write down on
a JSA worksheet what they see.
Benefits of JSA
1. Make the job safer so there are fewer accidents
and fewer people getting accidents.
2. Cut down on lost time and production because
accidents related injuries
3. Cut down on damage to the facility, material, or
equipment.
4. Increase production and efficiency
5. Improve workers’ attitudes toward on-the-job
safety and make them more aware of safety.
Uses of JSA
1. Use as training guide for new employees.
2. Use as refresher training for current
employees.
3. Use for pre-job instruction on tasks that
are not done regularly.
4. Help assess why an accident occurred.
Deciding Which Jobs to Analyze
Select tasks for JSAs in the following
order :
• Tasks on which workers have had the most
accidents.
• Tasks that have dangerous steps but have
not yet produced accidents.
• New jobs that have started.
• Current jobs for which new equipment or
processes have been added or changed.
Deciding Which Jobs to Analyze
A JSA for the forklift truck operator job
• Doing the JSA : Listing the steps in the task.
• While one employee performs the task, the
others watch and write down each step of
the task.
• Keep the following tips in mind as you make
the list in the first column of the Job Safety
Analysis (JSA) form :
Deciding Which Jobs to Analyze
1. Is there danger of striking or list from 6
to 8 task steps that you can see.
2. Number each step from 1 to 6 or more.
3. List the steps in the order in which they are
performed.
4. The action words such as “turn on”, “load”,
“steer”, or “unload”.
Deciding Which Jobs to Analyze
5. Ask yourself, “What step starts this task?”
List the first task step, such as “put on
PPE”.
6. Then ask yourself, “what is the next basic
step?”
7. List the next steps, such as “check if the
power is OFF” or get into the operators’
seat.”
Deciding Which Jobs to Analyze
8. Tell completely but briefly what is done in each
step, such as “lift the load and back out.” Do
not tell how the step is done, “lift the load with
the fork slightly raised and back out slowly.”
9. Continue in this way until you have listed
every basic step in the task.
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
Identifying the Hazards of the Job

Checklist of some possible hazards :

1. Physical hazards, such as temperature
extremes or lifting a load that is too heavy.
2. Chemical hazards, such as breathing in dust
or coming in contact with other chemicals.
3. Job or workstation hazards, such as blind
corners or low overhead clearance.
Identifying the Hazards of the Job

Questions to ask for identifying hazards :

a. Is there danger of being struck by an object?
b. Is there danger of being caught in or
 between objects?
c. Is there a danger of slipping, tripping or
falling?
d. Can pushing, pulling, lifting, bending, or
twisting cause strain?
e. Is there danger of harms to eyes, hands, feet
f. or other parts of a worker’s body?
 Making Safety Recommendations

 For each hazard that you have identified,

make a recommendation that will eliminate
the hazard and reduce the chance of
accident.
 Write your recommendations in the last
column of the JSA form using the
corresponding numbers used in the “Steps”
and “Hazards” column. If no hazard is listed,
then write “N/A” in column 3.
 Testing and Reviewing JSAs
Before JSA is approved, review the task and
test your recommendations. Tips for testing a
JSA :
1. Check with the workers you observed to be
sure all the task steps are listed and in the
correct order.
2. Ask the workers you observed if they can think
of any more hazards.
3. Have workers test the safety recommendations.
You can then be sure that your
recommendations work.
When to Review A Completed JSA
1. Whenever a task is changed, such as
when new equipment is used when a
new way of doing a task is started.
2. Every 6 to 12 months if a task has not
changed.
3. When an accident takes place.
 Test What You Have Learned
About JSA

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words

1. JSA stands for...............................................
2. Employees are chosen to write JSAs because
they are the …………….. at their job tasks.
3. JSAs help make jobs …………………………… by
reducing the number of …………………………..
 Test What You Have Learned
About JSA

4. JSAs can be used as ……………………

guides for new task.
5. JSAs should be done first on tasks
with the ……………………………
accidents.
 Test What You Have Learned
About JSA

6. JSAs forms have ……………. parts.

7. Use …………….. words to describe the steps of
a task.
8. Identify all ……………, chemical, and
workstation hazards for each step of a task.
9. Check with the …………….. you observed to be
sure all the steps and hazards of a task are in
the JSAs and in the correct order.
10. Review a completed JSA, whenever a task is ….
Answers to the above questions

1. Job Safety 6. Four

Analysis 7. Action
2. Experts 8. Physical
3. Safer, 9. Workers
accidents
4. Training 10. Changed
5. Most
 JSA Overview

• A JSA is a simple four-step hazard

analysis technique used to identify the
hazards associated with individual job
tasks and to develop the best controls to
minimize those risks.
• This approach is generally used for
simple, well-defined job task that contain
injury risks.
 JSA Overview

• An individual experienced in safely doing

the task along with a supervisor, a team
coach, or a safety representative can best
conduct the analysis.
• A JSA is generally not appropriate for
conducting design reviews or
understanding the hazards of a complex
process.
 JSA Overview
• In fact, a JSA may be the result of a
recommendation from a more detailed process
hazard review.
• As such, it is ideal for analyzing job tasks such
as clearing jams (sumbatan) in machinery,
operating a lathe in the shop, or moving a drum
in the factory.
• The results of a JSA should be incorporated into
the formal, written procedures for that task.
 JSA Overview

• For example, the analysis may result in the

recognition of the need to wear safety glasses
with side shields while operating a certain
machine.
• Therefore, in addition to the other requirements
for quality control and production specifications,
the PPE requirements for safety glasses would
be included as part of the operating procedures.
 JSA Overview

• Similarly, defining the needed safety

controls, such as locking it out, in written
maintenance procedures is another ideal
end result of performing a JSA.
• The JSA can be conducted using a form.
 JSA Overview

The four basic steps in conducting a

JSA
1. Selecting the job or task to be
reviewed.
2. Breaking the job or task into sequential
or successive steps
3. Identifying the potential hazards at
each step
4. Deciding on the required action or
procedure to minimize each potential
hazard.
 The Benefits of JSA

There are several major benefits that derive from

conducting JSA.
 The JSA approach itself is easily to understand,
does not require a great deal of training, and
can be quickly completed by experienced
individuals.
 The process also provides an opportunity for an
individual to be recognized for his/her
knowledge of the operation.
 The Benefits of JSA

The results of the review can provide a

written document that can be used to
train new employees, a consistent
method of operation that can reduce
process variables, as well as a common
set of safety expectations and reduce
injury rates.
 The Benefits of JSA

Additionally, the JSA document can be

review as part of planned safety audit
as well as providing a starting point for
reviewing job procedures if an accident
does occur.
 STEP ONE
SELECTING THE JOB OR TASK
 Step One

 Jobs or tasks that can be simply described are

best suited for JSA.
 The task must be defined fairly specifically to
take most advantage of the power of JSAs.
 For example, broadly defined jobs such as
constructing a building, making chemicals, or
working in a laboratory are not suitable for JSAs.
 On the other hand, tasks such as threading a
coating machine, assembling scaffolding, or
charging a drum of chemicals to a reactor are
suitable subjects for safety analysis.
 Step One
 Some traditional permit-type safety practices are
based on the JSA approach, such as confined
space and entry permits,
permits chemical line opening
permits, and temporary wiring permits.
 In selecting and prioritizing, the job to be
reviewed, several factors need to be considered.
 Analysis of past injury data may indicate that
individuals did not know the safe procedure for
accomplishing certain tasks.
 Step One
 Perhaps up-to-date written procedures need to
be established.
 The data could illustrate the existence of a low
frequency of very serious injuries or a high
frequency of minor injuries. This would be
considered a high-risk situation on the risk
matrix.
 Employees new to a department may need to be
trained on doing the job, and therefore up-to-
date operating instructions may be needed.
 Step One
• Likewise, a new process or new piece of
equipment may need a job safety analysis
so that the initial operating procedures
can be developed.
• Perhaps more advanced risk assessment
technique has uncovered the fact that the
existing operating procedures need
improvement.
 STEP TWO
BREAKING THE TASK INTO
SEQUENTIAL STEPS
 Step Two
• After the task or job has been selected, the
next step is to list all the discrete steps in
performing the task.
• An experienced operator with the help of a
co-worker, team leader, supervisor, or
safety representative is usually the best
choice to accomplish this.
• The operator can walk through the task and
describe what is being done at each step.
• The supervisor or team leader can then
record the steps on the first column of the
job safety analysis form.
 Step Two
 After the task or job has been selected, the next
step is to list all the discrete steps in performing
the task.
 Identifying the hazards and associated safety
controls needed at each step should be held until
all the steps in the job task are listed.
 To determine the job steps, a basic question
such as “What is the first thing that you do ?” is
a helpful starting point.
 Step Two
 Selection of steps that are too broad in
nature such as “charging the chemicals to the
reactor” preclude understanding of the hazards
presented at each step of the task, whereas
selecting steps such as (1) close reactor
charge port, (2) connect clean 2-inche solvent
hose to reactor manifold, (3) open manifold
valve at reactor level B, (4) start raw material
pump, etc., provides the basis for proper
hazard identification.
 Step Two
 Notice that each step starts with an action word.
The intent at this point is to determine what is
being done.
 An overly (sangat/terlalu) detailed procedure
that provides a lost of descriptive information
but little in the way of additional hazard
opportunities lead to boredom, and needless
paperwork. A proper balance is the challenge for
selecting the steps in a JSA.
 An experienced operator may find that the JSA
job steps selected are too basic.
 Step Two
 On the other hand, a new operator may find
that the same information developed from a JSA
is exactly what is needed to do the job safely.
 Consider combining jobs with only few steps
together as well as breaking up jobs with too
many or too complex tasks.
 Be sure that the work is actually observed so
that key steps are not taken for granted
(dianggap pasti), especially at the beginning or
the end of the task.
 STEP THREE
IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS
ASSOCIATED WITH EACH STEP
Step Three
 The next step is to identify all of the hazards
associated with each step.
 The hazards should then be recorded on the
second column of the JSA form.
 Identifying the proper safety controls needed at
each step can be done at the this point or at the
next step after all the hazards are identified.
 If solutions are generated at this point, there is
some chances of missing some hazard potentials.
Step Three
 In any event, an experienced operator is
generally able to provide excellent insights as to
what can go and have gone wrong at each step
of the job or task.
 Consider using the injury hazard potentials listed
on the injury reporting form .
 At each step of the task, the hazard potentials
would then be identify and recorded.
Step Three
 For instance, if the particular task is pouring a
caustic liquid from one container to another,
the potential hazards could be chemical burns
to various parts of the body such as the eye,
face, hands or torso depending on the size of
the container and nature of the procedure.
 Additionally, another potential hazard that
could be associated with this task could be the
strain of the back or arm depending on the size
and weight of the container.
Step Three
 Be sure to observe and review the actual job
task.
 Recalling the task from memory or not
including elements that begin or start the task
may lead to an incomplete analysis.
 The “sometime quirks (kebiasaan khusus dalam
tingkah laku seseorang” of the task that do not
get reviewed can result in the operator not
knowing the full story and the required safe
procedures.
Step Three
 The experienced analyst can maximize the
chances of answering a complete review by
asking open-ended questions such as “Does
the procedure ever change ?” or “Is this step
ever done differently ?”.
 Having another experienced operator review
the completed JSA or videotaping the
procedure are other excellent approaches.
 Step Four

For The Hazards At Each Step

Step Four
 Now that the hazards have been identified,
the next step is to develop the necessary
safety controls.
 Remembering the risk matrix the idea is to
move the high risk out of the unacceptable
range.
 The risks can be reduced by lowering the
possibility that something will go wrong or
by reducing the severity of the
consequences if it does go wrong or by
doing both.
Step Four
 In some cases, judgment must be made about
the potential risks of alternate procedures that
could be proposed.
 Minimizing risks at each step in the job is the
goal.
 Using the JSA form and the hazards identified
at each step, now develop and document the
required safety controls.
Step Four
 There are generally several controls that could
do the job.
 The challenge is to determine the best one that
is both cost effective and that, in fact, will be
implemented.
 If the task appears to be highly hazardous and
easy solutions to reducing the risks do not
appear obvious, consider the possibilities of
accomplishing the task in an entirely new way.
Step Four
 Brainstorming ideas with operators, designers,
and trades personnel can often result in cost-
saving, less hazardous ways of accomplishing the
task.
 Ensure that the proposed solutions do not result
in riskier situations.
 Typical hazard control measures include the
development of procedures, engineering controls
such as equipment design and ventilation, and
the requirements to use PPE.
Step Four
 Procedures can include the use safety permits
such as confined space entries, hazardous work
and chemical line openings.
 Other procedures can include periodic
preventive maintenance inspections of safety
interlocks, fire protection system, or ladder
conditions.
 Procedures could be developed to check
periodically on compliance with the established
safety rules.
Step Four
 The use of PPE requirements could be
established, such as wearing safety shoes
during movement of materials.
 Similarly, improvements to the facility or
equipment can be made to reduce the chance
of accidents, such as improve lighting,
interlocked safety guards and improved
material storage layouts.
Driving Your Forklift
Remember the following rules :before you
drive
 Check safety devices each day before you
drive.
 Your horn, lights, brakes and back-up alarm
help you avoid potential accidents and
should be working properly before you start
the engine.
Driving Your Forklift
Continued ………
Before you drive
 Look around for any hazards you may
encounter on you route (pedestrians,
unstable loads or obstacles) and figure out
how to correct them.
 Some hazards may be hard to spot once you
are operating your vehicle.
Driving Your Forklift
Driving basics
 Avoid sharp turns and fast speeds.
 Forklifts are not built to handle either.
 A sharp, fast turn can shift your load and
cause you to tip over (menumpahkan).
 Forklifts are not designed for horseplay or
stunt driving.
 Whenever possible loads low. Too-tall or
top-heavy loads can obstruct your vision or
cause you to tip over.
Driving Your Forklift
Driving basics (continued)
 Drive backward when you must move a
high
load, and face the direction of travel.
 Drive backward down slopes with more
than
10% incline --- it’s safer. If you have to park
on a slope, always block wheels, lower forks
and set the parking brake.
 Never carry hitchhikers unless the forklift
has approved people-lifting devices.
Driving Your Forklift
Driving basics (Continued)
 Keep loads within your vehicle’s rated
capacity. Never raise or lower loads while
moving. Start and stop gradually to avoid a
load shifting.
 Do not speed. Use your horn at corners,
crossings, or before reversing. Back out
slowly after unloading, checking over your
shoulder to make sure that coast is clear.
Watch For Pedestrians
 Pedestrians are involved in a majority of
forklift injuries.
 Prevent pedestrian accidents by keeping
other’s safety in mind when you drive.
 Drive in reverse when a high load blocks
your vision.
 In a crowded building with lots of noise, do
not assume pedestrians can hear you
coming.
 Use your horn or lights to signal you
approach at corners.
Safety First
• A forklift is different from a car. Because
forklifts are steered by the rear wheels,
they require different steering techniques.
• The are also taller and narrower than a
car, and can take over more easily.
• Reduce your risk by putting safety first.
Loading
• Plan your load.
load Think in advance how to make
each load stable and centered. If the load
consists of loose items, stack and secure them
carefully.
• Before driving into trailers, rail cars or trucks,
always make sure that the vehicle has been
secured, either with chocks under the rear
wheels or with another type of restraint system.
(Trailer movement is a leading cause of loading
accidents).
Loading
• Do not cut corners by overloading.
Overloads remove weight from the rear
wheels, thereby cause steering loss. Keep
loads well within your vehicle’s rated
capacity.
• Never load higher than the height of the
backrest, and never carry anything on the
overhead guard.
Loading
• Raising and lowering forks is part of loading and
should never be done while driving. Loaded or
empty forks should 6-10 inches off the ground
---- high enough so they do not hit bumps, holes,
or curb (pinggiran jalan).
• Plan your route. Know where to expect
obstructions, intersections, pedestrians and
ramps (jalur yang melandai).
Unloading
 Whether unloading onto a rack or a truck, take
time to position the load accurately.
 Finish lowering the forks before you back
out. Always back out carefully after unloading,
looking over your shoulder.
 Never place a load in an aisle or a fire aisle
or in front of a stairway or fire equipment.
Pedestrians and Co-workers
 Most forklift accidents involve people other
than the driver. Keep pedestrians a safe
distance away from your vehicle while loading
and unloading.
 If you lift co-workers onto safety platforms, make
sure the platform is securely attached, and be
alert for overhead obstructions.
 Never travel with anyone on the platform.
Summary
 JSA is an easy-to-use and results oriented tool
for identifying and controlling the hazards of
everyday task.
 The National Safety Council suggests that it is
an excellent starting point for questioning the
established way of doing the job.
 Conducting the analysis does not require
extensive training.
Summary
The results are most effective when it is done
by experienced individuals who are actually at
risk from doing the task.
The JSAs can be used for training new
employees, agreeing on safety procedures with
experienced employees, and can be the safety
basis for the preparation of well-written
operating procedures.
Summary
The completed JSA document needs to be
incorporated into the overall management
system with appropriate approval as well as
periodic reviews and updates.
When a new employee needs to be trained to
do the task safely, it is also an excellent time to
review the existing JSA and written job
procedure.
Summary
 It is an opportunity for a knowledgeable
individual to demonstrate his or her skills
as well as to ensure that the JSA is
actually up to date.
 In any event, an annual review is the best
choice.
Bertujuan
memperbaiki atau
meningkatkan mutu
K3 melalui
pengamatan sikap
dan cara seseorang
dalam melakukan
pekerjaan.
Job Safety observation
(JSO) adalah suatu metoda
pengamatan suatu pekerjaan
untuk meningkatkan mutu
pelaksanaan keselamatan
kerja. Kegiatan ini biasanya
dilakukan sewaktu-waktu
oleh para pengawas tanpa
sepengetahuan operator
yang diamati.
Pengamatan anak buah dalam
melaksanakan pekerjaan aspek
K3 meliputi :
• penilaian risiko bahaya
• penilaian cara kerja yang tidak
aman
• penilaian cara kerja yang aman,
• melakuan koreksi
• memberi penghargaan cara kerja
yang aman.
SUMBER KECELAKAAN

MANUSIA (PEOPLE)
PERALATAN (EQUIPMENT)
MATERIAL (MATERIAL)
LINGKUNGAN (ENVIRONMENT)
KONTAK • STRUCK AGAINST :
menabrak/bentur
benda diam/bergerak
• STRUCK BY : terpukul/tabrak oleh
benda bergerak
• FALL TO : jatuh dari tempat yang
INSIDEN

lebih
tinggi
• FALL ON : jatuh di tempat yang
datar
• CAUGHT IN : tusuk, jepit, cubit
benda
KONTAK • CAUGHT BETWEEN : terpotong,
hancur, remuk
• CONTACT WITH : listrik, kimia,
radiasi, panas, dingin
• OVERSTRESS : terlalu berat,
cepat, tinggi, besar
INSIDEN

• EQUIPMENT FAILURE : kegagalan

mesin, peralatan
• EVIRONMENTAL RELEASE :
masalah pencemaran
 Unsafe Conditions
 OPERASI TANPA OTORISASI
 GAGAL MEMPERINGATKAN
 GAGAL MENGAMANKAN
 KECEPATAN TIDAK LAYAK
 MEMBUAT ALAT PENGAMAN
TIDAK BERFUNGSI
 PAKAI ALAT RUSAK
 PAKAI APD TIDAK LAYAK
 PEMUATAN TIDAK LAYAK
 PENEMPATAN TIDAK LAYAK
 MENGANGKAT TIDAK LAYAK
 POSISI TIDAK AMAN
 SERVIS ALAT BEROPERASI
 BERCANDA, MAIN-MAIN
 MABOK ALKOHOL, OBAT
 GAGAL MENGIKUTI
PROSEDUR
 Unsafe Conditions
 PELINDUNG/PEMBATAS TIDAK LAYAK
 APD KURANG TEPAT, TIDAK LAYAK
 PERALATAN RUSAK
 RUANG KERJA SEMPIT/TERBATAS
SEBAB LANGSUNG

 SISTEM PERINGATAN KURANG

 BAHAYA KEBAKARAN
 KEBERSIHAN/ KERAPIAN KURANG
 KEBISINGAN
 TERPAPAR RADIASI
 TEMPERATUR EXTRIM
 PENERANGAN TIDAK MEMADAI
 VENTILASI TIDAK MEMADAI
 LINGKUNGAN TIDAK AMAN
 Basic Causes (Job Factors)

 Pengawasan/Kepemimpinan
 Engineering
 Pengadaan (purchasing)
SEBAB DASAR

 Kurang peralatan
 Maintenance
 Standar kerja
 Salah pakai/salah menggunakan
 BASIC CAUSES
(PERSONAL FACTORS)

 KEMAMPUAN FISIK ATAU FIOSOLOGI

TIDAK MEMADAI
 KEMAMPUAN MENTAL TIDAK MEMADAI
SEBAB DASAR

 STRESS FISIK ATAU PSIKOLOGIK

 STRESS MENTAL
 KURANG PENGETAHUAN
 KURANG KEAHLIAN
 MOTIVASI TIDAK MEMADAI
  PROGRAM TIDAK SESUAI
LEMAH KONTROL

 STANDARD PROGRAM TIDAK

SESUAI
 KUANGNYA KEPATUHAN
TERHADAP STANDAR
 TERIMA KASIH
ATAS PERHATIANNYA