Neraca/Balance sheet
Laporan Laba-Rugi/Income statement
Flow
MVA and EVA
1
BAB 2.
LAPORAN KEUANGAN, ARUS KAS
DAN PAJAK
Neraca/Balance sheet
Laporan Laba-Rugi/Income statement
Flow
MVA and EVA
C. Stock
Paid In Capital 50 50
Ret. Earning 80 80
766 710
C. Equity
Total Assets
C. Eq &
Liabilities 896 840
2.000 1.680 2.000 1.680
Income Statement/Rugi-Laba
Laporan yg mengikhtisarkan pendapatan dan beban
perusahaan selama suatu periode akuntansi.
Penjualan bersih diperlihatkan pada bagian atas masing-
masing laporan, yg dikurangi dengan berbagai biaya,
termasuk pajak penghasilan, untuk menentukan laba bersih
bagi para pemegang saham. Laporan atas laba dan dividen
3
per saham disajikan pada bagian bawah laporan.
ALLIED FOOD PRODUCTS INC.
INCOME STATEMENT YEARS ENDING DES.01
(MILLIONS DOLLARS)
Th.2002 Th.2001
Net Sale 3.000,00 2.850,00
Op. Cost Excluding Dep. 2.616,20 2.497,00
Depriciation 100,00 90,00
Total Op. Cost 2.716,00 2.587,00
Earning Bf Int & Taxes (EBIT) 283,80 263,00
Interest 88,00 60,00
Earning Before Taxes 195,80 203,00
Taxes 40 % 78,30 81,20
Net Income Before Pref. Div. 117,50 121,80
Prefered Dividends 4,00 4,00
Net Income Av. to C. S.holders 113,50 117,80
Common Dividends 57,50 53,00
Addition to Retained Earning 56,00 64,80
Pershare Data :
Common Stock Price 23,00 26,00
Earning Pershare (EPS) 2,27 2,36
Dividends Pershare (DPS) 1,15 1,06
Book Value Pershare (BVPS) 17,92 16,60
Cash Flow Pershare (FPS) 4,27 4,16
5
ALLIED FOOD PRODUCTS INC.
Statement of Cash Flows 2002
(Millions of Dollars)
I. Operating Activities
Net Income $ 117.5
Sources of Cash
Depreciation $ 100.0
Account Payable $ 30.0
Accrual $ 10.0
Use of Cash
Account Receivable ($ 60.0)
Inventories ($ 200.0)
Net Cash Flow from Operations ($ 2.5)
II. Long Term Investing Activities
Acquisition of Fixed Assets ($ 230.0)
III. Financing Activities
Sale of Marketable Securities 65.0
Note Payable 50.0
Bonds 174.0
Common & Preferred Dividend ($ 61.5)
Net Cash Flow from Financing $ 227.5
IV.Summary
Net Chang in Cash & MS ($ 5.0)
Cash at Beginning of Year $ 15.0
Cash at End of Year $ 10.0
6
Arus Kas Bersih = Laba Bersih – Pendapatan Non
Kas + Beban Non Kas
Arus Kas Bersih = Laba Bersih + Deprisiasi dan Amort
Arus Kas Bersih = $ 113,5 + $100,0 = $ 213,5 jt
Operating Assets : Jumlah assets yg diperlukan
untuk kegiatan operasi perusahaan
- Operating Current Assets :
a. Operating Working Capital : Modal Kerja Operasi
adalah keseluruhan daripada aktiva lancar
OWC = ($10 + $375 + $615) = $1.000
b. Net Oper. Working Capital = M. Kerja Bersih Op.
Adalah keseluruhan aktiva lancar dikurangi dengan
Hutang Lancar yang tidak dikenakan bunga
NOC 01 = ($80+$315+$415)–($30+$130) = $650
NOC 02 = ($10+$375+$615)–($60 + $140) = $800
- Long Term Operating Assets
Jumlah dana yang diinvestasikan dalam fixed
assets atau plant and equipment.
LTOA 01 = 870 LTOA 02 = $ 1.000
- T. Operating Cap. 01 = NOWC + LTOA
= $650 + $ 870 = $1.520
- T. Operating Cap. 02 = NOWC + LTOA
= $800 + $1.000 = $1.800
* Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT) adalah laba
sebelum bunga dan pajak (EBIT) dikalikan (1 – pajak)
NOPAT = $283,78 (1 – 0,4) = $170,3
7
Free Cash Flow
? Operating CF = NOPAT + Deprisiasi
= $170,3 + #100 = $270,3
? Net Inv. In OA = Op. Cap. 2002 – Op. Cap. 2001
= $1.800 - $1.520 = $280
? Gross Invest. = Net Inv. + Deprisiasi
= $280 + $100 = $380
? Free Cash Flow = Op. CF – Gross Inv. In OA
= $270,3 - $380 = - $109,7
ATAU
? Free Cash Flow =NOPAT – Gross Inv. In OA
= $170,3 - $280 = - $109,7
Nilai Tambah Pasar/Market Value Added (MVA)
Perbedaan nilai pasar saham perusahaan dengan
jumlah modal sendiri yang telah diberikan oleh
pemegang saham.
MVA = Market value of Equity - Equity cap. Supplied
= (S. Beredar)(Harga Shm) – T. Ekuitas S. Biasa
MVA = ($ 23 X 50.000.000)- $896.000.000)
= $1.150.000.000 - $896.000.000
= $254.000.000
Nilai Tambah Ekonomi/Economic Value Added (EVA)
Estimasi dari laba ekonomis yang sebenarnya dari
bisnis untuk tahun yang bersangkutan
EVA mencerminkan laba residu yang tersisa setelah
biaya seluruh modal ekuitas.
EVA = NOPAT – (After-tax Cost of Capital)(Capital)
= EBIT (1-tT) – [(T. Mod Operasi yg Diberikan
Investor) x (% Biaya Modal setelah Pajak)]
8
EVA02 = NOPAT – (A-T cost of capital) (Capital)
= $170,3 – (0.10)($1.800)
= $170,3 - $180,
= -$9,7
EVA01 = $157,8– (0,103)($1.520)
= $157,8 - $156,6
= $1,2