Bored Pile
PERHITUNGAN PONDASI
6% Diameter Pile
displacement
AXIAL LOAD TEST PILE #14
Friction
(Elastic Zone)
Load (Tons)
Settlement (mm)
Load Test (ton)
Settlement (mm)
L=45m, f=60 cm
AXIAL LOAD TEST FOR PILE #22
End bearing
Friction
(plastic deformation)
Elastic deformation
Rumus umum daya dukung aksial fondasi dalam:
Qult = Qs + Qp
c
(b)
DAYA DUKUNG AKSIAL
Qu = Qp + Qs
Qs =2r l ( C)
+ 2r l (k v tan)
l Qu
Q all
v F.S .
v
Qp =Ap(c Nc +q Nq)
SPT (Standard Penetration Test)
2/3 N
Relationship between Angle of Internal Friction and N-Value
(Sandy Soil)
Faktor Koreksi N – SPT Lapangan seusai dengan
Metoda Pelaksanaan Test:
C = qc / 20
C (kg/cm2) = qc(kg/cm2) / 20
f C (t/m2) = qc(kg/cm2) / 2
qc
Tahanan Geser Selimut
Tanah Kohesif
Tiang Pancang
Tiang Bor
Tanah Pasir
Tiang Pancang
Tiang Bor
Tahanan Geser Selimut Tiang :
peak
residual
Faktor Adhesi pada Tanah Kohesif untuk
“Tiang Bor” :
1. Reese and Wright, 1977 :
Manurut Reese dan Wright koefisien untuk bored pile adalah 0.55
2. Kulhawy, 1984
(k N / m 2
)
D a ta g ro u p 3
A d h e s i o n f a ct o r (
S h a ft s in c o m p r e s s io n
D a ta g ro u p 1
D a ta g ro u p 2
D a ta g ro u p 3
6 5 U 8 4 1 C lo a d t e s ts
= 0 .2 1 + 0 .2 6 p a / su (< 1 )
U n d r a i n e d S h e a r i n g R e s i s t a n c eu , s (ts f)
Faktor Adhesi pada Tanah Kohesif untuk
“Tiang Bor” :
3. Reese and O’Neil, 1988 :
U n d ra in ed S h ear V a lu e o f α
S tren g th , S u
< 2 ts f 0 .5 5
2 – 3 ts f 0 .4 9
3 – 4 ts f 0 .4 2
4 – 5 ts f 0 .3 8
5 – 6 ts f 0 .3 5
6 – 7 ts f 0 .3 3
7 – 8 ts f 0 .3 2
8 – 9 ts f 0 .3 1
> 9 ts f T reat as R o c k
Tahanan Geser Selimut Tiang dari Tanah Berpasir
Menurut Naval Engineering Facilities Command:
1. Tiang Pancang :
Qs = 0.2 x (N SPT) x Li x p (ton)
2. Tiang Bor :
Qs = 0.1 x (N SPT) x Li x p (ton)
Tahanan Geser Selimut Tiang Bor pada Tanah
Berpasir Rojiani, Duncan and Barker (1991)
(=27.5 t/m2)
= 0.11 N (t/m2)
0.24 N
= 0.28 N (t/m2)
Tanah Lempung
Tiang Pancang
Tiang Bor
Tanah Pasir
Tiang Pancang
Tiang Bor
Tahanan Unjung Tiang
- dan Cu
Tahanan Ujung Tiang Pada Umunya dinyatakan sebagai
persamaan :
Qp = Ap (c Nc* + q’ Nq*)
Dimana,
Qp = Tahanan Ujung Ultimate
Ap = Luas Penampang Tiang
C = Undrained kohesi
q = Over Bourden Pressure
Nc, Nq= Faktor daya dukung.
Beberapa Motode Penentuan Faktor Daya Dukung
- dan Cu 1000
800
600
400
200
100
80
1. Meyerhoff, 1976 60
40
and
20
10
8
6
4
1
0 10 20 30 40 45
Soil friction an gle, Ø (deg)
Beberapa Motode Penentuan Faktor Daya Dukung:
- dan Cu
2. Vesic, 1977
Nc = (Nq – 1) cot
Dimana, Nq = f(Irr)
Nq* = 4/3 ln (Irr + 1) + /2 +1
Irr = Ir Nilai Ir ditunjukkan pada tabel dibawah:
Soil type Ir
Sand 70 – 150
Silts and clays (drained condition) 50 – 100
Clays (undrained condition) 100 – 200
Beberapa Motode Penentuan Faktor Daya Dukung:
- dan Cu
1000
800
600
400
200
3. Janbu, 100
80
60
1976 40
and
20
10
8
6
1
0 10 20 30 40 45
S oil fr ictio n a n gle , Ø (deg)
Daya Dukung Ujung untuk Tanah Kohesif Cu
Qp = 9 x Cu x Ap
Daya Dukung Ujung untuk Tanah Pasiran
Tiang Pancang :
Qp = 40 x N SPT x Ap
Dimana,
N–SPT = (N1+N2)/2
N1= harga rata-rata N dari dasar ke 10-D keatas
N2= harga rata-rata N dari dasar ke 4-D kebawah
Ground Surface
Tiang Pancang
(10 x D)
dirata-rata untuk
desain tahanan ujung = N1
(4 x D)
dirata-rata untuk
desain tahanan ujung = N2
D
=7 N (t/m2)
qp = 7 N (t/m2) < 400 (t/m2)
=400 (t/m2)
Daya Dukung Ujung Tiang Bor Tanah Pasiran :
Qb =v.Nq.Ab
Kulhawy, 1983
DAYA DUKUNG AKSIAL
Qu = Qp + Qs
Qs =2r l ( C)
+ 2r l (k v tan)
l Qu
Q all
v F.S .
v
Qp =Ap(c Nc +q Nq)
Summary
Clay Sand
C C
0.2 N (0.2 - 0.24) N
40 N 7-13 N (t/m2)
C < 1600 t/m2 < 400 (t/m2)
N=(N1+N2)/2
qp (Meyerhof) (Reese+Wrihgt, 77)
Pult = 2rlrqp
SF Criterion Based on
Canadian Foundation
Engineering Manual
(1992)
SF Criterion Based on Tomlinson (1977)
Ketebalan Lapisan Tanah Yang Harus Diperhitungkan Dalam
Perhitungan Daya Dukung :
D a er a h P en ga r u h P o n d a si d a n M in im a l Ked a la m a n
P en yelid ik a n T a n a h Ya n g D ip er lu k a n u n tu k D isa in
a=4B
Minimal kedalaman
penyelidikan tanah adalah
sampai 4 diameter tiang
b=6-8 B
(atau 5 m) dibaw ah dasar
pondasi
3-4B
Prediksi Daya Dukung Tiang
Pancang
Tambak Lorok
314 430
rope and pulley (bukan free falling)
Based on Bored P-0 Bored Pile Kiara Condong
1.20
Meyerhof
Tebal
Skin Friction End Bearing
No. Depth Lapisan Deskripsi N-SPT c (t/m2) Ks Kumulatif Qa
Qult (Ton)
(m) Cu As or Friction (ton) SF
C N atau qNq Ap
0.2N As
0.0
1 0.0 - 1.0 1.0 Silty Gravel 0 0.0 1.00 0.0 0 0 0
2 1.0 - 2.0 1.0 Silty Gravel 0 0.0 1.00 0.0 0 0 0
3 2.0 - 3.0 1.0 Silty sandy clay 5 3.0 0.80 9.0 9 31 40
4 3.0 - 4.0 1.0 Silty sandy clay 5 3.0 0.80 9.0 18 31 49
5 4.0 - 5.0 1.0 Silty sandy clay 7 4.2 0.62 9.8 28 43 71
6 5.0 - 6.0 1.0 Silty sandy clay 11 6.6 0.26 6.5 34 67 102
7 6.0 - 7.0 1.0 Silty sandy clay 11 6.6 0.26 6.5 41 67 108
8 7.0 - 8.0 1.0 Medium - Stiff clay 6 3.6 0.71 9.6 50 37 87
9 8.0 - 9.0 1.0 Medium - Stiff clay 20 12.0 0.40 18.1 69 122 191
10 9.0 - 10.0 1.0 Tuffaceous 20 12.0 0.40 18.1 87 122 209
11 10.0 - 11.0 1.0 Tuffaceous 31 18.6 0.40 28.0 115 189 304
14 11.0 - 12.0 1.0 Tuffaceous 60 36.0 0.40 54.3 169 366 535
15 12.0 - 13.0 1.0 Tuffaceous 60 36.0 0.40 54.3 223 366 590
16 13.0 - 14.0 1.0 Tuffaceous 37 22.2 0.40 33.5 257 226 483
17 14.0 - 15.0 1.0 Tuffaceous 48 28.8 0.40 43.4 300 293 593
18 15.0 - 16.0 1.0 Tuffaceous 51 30.6 0.40 46.1 346 311 658
19 16.0 - 17.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silty sand with Gravel 51 30.6 0.40 46.1 392 311 704
20 17.0 - 18.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silty sand with Gravel 57 34.2 0.40 51.6 444 348 792
21 18.0 - 19.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silty sand with Gravel 62 37.2 0.40 56.1 500 379 879
22 19.0 - 20.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silty sand with Gravel 62 37.2 0.40 56.1 556 379 935
23 20.0 - 21.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silty sand with Gravel 54 32.4 0.40 48.9 605 330 935
24 21.0 - 22.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silty sand with Gravel 54 32.4 0.40 48.9 654 330 984
25 22.0 - 23.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silty sand with Gravel 60 36.0 0.40 54.3 708 366 1075
26 23.0 - 24.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silty sand with Gravel 60 36.0 0.40 54.3 763 366 1129
27 24.0 - 25.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silty sand with Gravel 51 30.6 0.40 46.1 809 311 1120
28 25.0 - 26.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silty sand with Gravel 51 30.6 0.40 46.1 855 311 1166
29 26.0 - 27.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silty sand with Gravel 39 23.4 0.40 35.3 890 238 1128
30 27.0 - 28.0 1.0 Tuffaceous silt very stiff 39 23.4 0.40 35.3 925 238 1164
31 28.0 - 29.0 1.0 Tuffaceous silt very stiff 47 28.2 0.40 42.5 968 287 1255
32 29.0 - 30.0 1.0 Tuffaceous silt very stiff 47 28.2 0.40 42.5 1010 287 1297
33 30.0 - 31.0 1.0 Gravel with sand noncemented 60 12 45.2 1056 452 1508
34 31.0 - 32.0 1.0 Gravel with sand noncemented 60 12 45.2 1101 452 1553
35 32.0 - 33.0 1.0 Tuffaceous silty sand very stiff 30 18.0 0.40 27.1 1128 183 1311
36 33.0 - 34.0 1.0 Tuffaceous silty sand very stiff 35 21.0 0.40 31.7 1160 214 1373
37 34.0 - 35.0 1.0 Tuffaceous silty sand very stiff 35 21.0 0.40 31.7 1191 214 1405
38 35.0 - 36.0 1.0 Tuffaceous silty sand very stiff 42 25.2 0.40 38.0 1229 257 1486
Maximum end bearing 400 ton/m2